Peningkatan Aktivitas Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran IPA Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi di Kelas IV SD

The problem of how an increase in research activities of students in learning science by using the method of demonstration in class IV Unit Chief Gurung SDN 12 Kapuas Hulu. The general objective of the study to describe an increase in the activity of the students in learning science by applying the method of demonstration. Research procedures include the planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection techniques used observation techniques and measurement techniques. Means of collecting data observation sheet. Based on observations, it is known that there is an increase in physical activity from baseline of 36% to 94% the second cycle of 58% with a high enough category, there is an increase in mental activity of learners from baseline 13.33% to 78.34% for the second cycle 65 , 01% with "high", and there is increased activity of learner emotional baseline 38.33% to 88.34% for the second cycle of 50.01% to the category of "high enough". It can be concluded that the application of the method of demonstration in learning science can enhance the activity of the fourth grade students of SDN 12 Unit Chief Gurung Kapuas Hulu

Antioxidant analysis of different parts of Carica papaya

This study was conducted to compare the total antioxidant activity (TAA), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from the different parts of papaya tree including their ripe and unripe fruit, seeds and the young leaves. Two methods namely DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assay were used to determine the TAA, whereas TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's method while TFC by aluminium trichloride (AlCl3). For these purposes, methanolic extracts (80%) were prepared. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity through β-carotene bleaching assay was observed in unripe fruit (90.67 ± 0.29%) followed by young leave, ripe fruit and the seed. In other hand, young leaves exhibited a significant higher scavenging effect compared to others and the dose required in reducing the absorbance of DPPH control solution by 50% (EC50) was calculated at 1.0 ± 0.08mg/ml. The EC50 values were 4.3 ± 0.01mg/ml, 6.5 ± 0.01mg/ml and 7.8 ± 0.06mg/ml for unripe fruit, ripe fruit and seeds respectively. Interestingly, both TPC and TFC also showed that young leaves had the highest antioxidant content (424.89 ± 0.22mg GAE/ 100 g dry weight and 333.14 ± 1.03mg rutin equivalent/ 100 g dry weight, respectively). Statistically, Pearson correlation showed there were positive correlations between TPC and TFC with antioxidant activity assayed by DPPH radical scavenging assay (r=0.846 and r=0.873, respectively). However there was no correlation between TPC and TFC with β-carotene bleaching activity. In brief, taken into account all the parameters measured, antioxidants were highly remarkable in the sequence of young leaves > unripe fruit > ripe fruit > seed. Nevertheless, further investigation for isolation and identification of the phytoconstituents responsible for antioxidant activity is desirable

Enhancement of Rectenna Performance using Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper brings together an understanding on Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) and rectenna in energy harvesting applications. The rectenna is built upon a combination of a low profile antenna like dipole or patch microstrip with the presence of a rectifying circuit as well as a filter to act as an RF to DC converter. In wireless power transmission, the focal problem is that the total capture of the RF energy is totally low. Thus, with the aim of capturing maximum power, the receiving antenna is supposed to be designed applicably by taking contemplation of several aspects especially the gain. AMC helps to improve the performance of an antenna, hence enhancing the execution of wireless power transmission system of the rectenna. Wireless sensor network is one of the application in wireless power transmission system that applied the approach of energy harvesting, where it is considered to be a practical and deployable solution for today’s technology. Two designs of AMC had been proposed; a rectangular AMC using RO3003 substrate and a square AMC using RO3010 substrate. Simulation results show that the square AMC gives better performance through gain enhancement by 3.529 dB of a half-wave wire dipole antenna with an overall size of 122.45 mm x 122.45 mm

The Performance Comparison Of Printed Dipole Antenna With Two Different Structures Of Amc Ground Plane

The performances of the triple-band meandered dipole antenna backed by two different Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structures are discussed in this paper. Two kinds of AMC structures are presented namely rectangular-patch with rectangular slot and rectangular-patch with slotted rectangular and I-shaped slot. The AMCs are designed to operate at 0.92GHz and 2.45GHz. The performances of the antenna with and without the dual-band AMC ground plane are investigated in terms of return loss, realized gain and power received. It clearly shows that the printed dipole antenna has a lower gain compared to the printed dipole antenna with high-impedance structure ground plane (GP). Furthermore, the received power of the dipole antenna backed by the 2x2 rectangular-patch with slotted rectangular and I-slot AMC receives a slightly higher power compared to the dipole antenna backed by the 2x2 rectangular-patch with rectangular slot AMC

Evaluation of Pseudo-Haptic Interactions with Soft Objects in Virtual Environments

This paper proposes a pseudo-haptic feedback method conveying simulated soft surface stiffness information through a visual interface. The method exploits a combination of two feedback techniques, namely visual feedback of soft surface deformation and control of the indenter avatar speed, to convey stiffness information of a simulated surface of a soft object in virtual environments. The proposed method was effective in distinguishing different sizes of virtual hard nodules integrated into the simulated soft bodies. To further improve the interactive experience, the approach was extended creating a multi-point pseudo-haptic feedback system. A comparison with regards to (a) nodule detection sensitivity and (b) elapsed time as performance indicators in hard nodule detection experiments to a tablet computer incorporating vibration feedback was conducted. The multi-point pseudo-haptic interaction is shown to be more time-efficient than the single-point pseudo-haptic interaction. It is noted that multi-point pseudo-haptic feedback performs similarly well when compared to a vibration-based feedback method based on both performance measures elapsed time and nodule detection sensitivity. This proves that the proposed method can be used to convey detailed haptic information for virtual environmental tasks, even subtle ones, using either a computer mouse or a pressure sensitive device as an input device. This pseudo-haptic feedback method provides an opportunity for low-cost simulation of objects with soft surfaces and hard inclusions, as, for example, occurring in ever more realistic video games with increasing emphasis on interaction with the physical environment and minimally invasive surgery in the form of soft tissue organs with embedded cancer nodules. Hence, the method can be used in many low-budget applications where haptic sensation is required, such as surgeon training or video games, either using desktop computers or portable devices, showing reasonably high fidelity in conveying stiffness perception to the user

A study on the EBG and AMC on radial line slot array structure at 28 GHz

This paper is a study on the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) on the radial line slot array (RLSA) antenna structure at a frequency of 28 GHz. The RLSA antenna is known based on its characteristic which has high gain, durable, simple structures, high efficiency and low cost of fabricating. This project is focusing on the study of the RLSA antenna with the Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) and Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) with analyzes the effect of number EBG and AMC structures applied to the antenna. It enhances the performances of the RLSA antenna before the EBG structure is added. This may be due to eliminating the several numbers of slots on the radiating plate is the reason for the present number of EBG structures applied to it. The lowest value of S11 for eight (8) units EBG is -41.4686 dB at a frequency of 29.86 GHz, the directivity value is 25.60 dBi and realizes a gain of 25.26 dB at a frequency of 28 GHz. While the AMC structure can reduce the side lobes from -2.7 dB for non-element of AMC to -1.7 dB for eight (8) and nine (9) elements. This RLSA antenna with AMC and EBG produces high directivity which is 26.10 dBi compared to conventional RLSA antenna which is 21.70 dBi. This antenna can also be used as widely applications such as RADAR and satellite communication

What information and the extent of information research participants need in informed consent forms: a multi-country survey

Background: The use of lengthy, detailed, and complex informed consent forms (ICFs) is of paramount concern in biomedical research as it may not truly promote the rights and interests of research participants. The extent of information in ICFs has been the subject of debates for decades; however, no clear guidance is given. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of research participants about the type and extent of information they need when they are invited to participate in biomedical research. Methods: This multi-center, cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted at 54 study sites in seven Asia-Pacific countries. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each element in the ICF among research participants of a biomedical study, with an anchored rating scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Results: Of the 2484 questionnaires distributed, 2113 (85.1%) were returned. The majority of respondents considered most elements required in the ICF to be \u27moderately important\u27 to \u27very important\u27 for their decision making (mean score, ranging from 3.58 to 4.47). Major foreseeable risk, direct benefit, and common adverse effects of the intervention were considered to be of most concerned elements in the ICF (mean score = 4.47, 4.47, and 4.45, respectively). Conclusions: Research participants would like to be informed of the ICF elements required by ethical guidelines and regulations; however, the importance of each element varied, e.g., risk and benefit associated with research participants were considered to be more important than the general nature or technical details of research. Using a participant-oriented approach by providing more details of the participant-interested elements while avoiding unnecessarily lengthy details of other less important elements would enhance the quality of the ICF

Karakteristik Kajian Islam Kontemporer: Dialektika Barat dan Timur

Islam dipahami dengan multi-makna, sebagai ajaran keagamaan dan sebagai bidang keilmuan. Hal tersebut hingga kini masih diperdebatkan oleh beberapa kalangan, terutama menyangkut isu seputar mengkaji Islam di Barat. Tujuan tulisan ini ingin mengkaji perkembangan studi Islam dari masa ke masa. Isu penggunaan pendekatan normatif maupun historis dalam kajian Islam telah ramai diperbincangkan oleh para ahli, baik dari Barat maupun Timur. Namun dalam perkembangannya, studi Islam membentuk ‘kubu' tersendiri dengan identitas masing-masing dalam upaya memahami ajaran Islam, baik sebagai ‘pengamat' maupun sebagai ‘aktor' yang memiliki unsur keberpihakan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, tulisan ini akan membuktikan fleksibilitas kajian Islam, di mana masing-masing ‘kubu' akan memiliki metode dan corak tersendiri dalam memahami ajaran Islam, baik perkembangannya di Timur dan Barat. Kajian tentang ke-Islaman akan selalu aktual untuk diperbincangkan karena sangat menarik perhatian. Hal ini tentunya tidak hanya dikalangan muslim sendiri (insider), tetapi juga kalangan non-muslim (outsider) yang mempelajari agama Islam dari berbagai sudut pandang