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    Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ схСм экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ смСсСй мСтанол–тСтрагидрофуран–вода

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    Objectives. Synthesis and comparative analysis of the extractive distillation flowsheets for aqueous mixtures of solvents utilized in pharmaceutical industries using the example of a methanolβˆ’tetrahydrofuranβˆ’water system with various compositions. The ternary system contains two minimally boiling azeotropes that exist in a vapor–liquid phase equilibrium. To evaluate the selective effect of glycerol, the phase equilibria of the methanol–tetrahydrofuran–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran–water–glycerol systems at 101.32 kPa were studied.Methods. The calculations were carried out in the Aspen Plus V.9.0 software package. The vapor–liquid equilibria were simulated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) equation with the binary interaction parameters of the software package database. To account for the non-ideal behavior of the vapor phase, the Redlich–Kwong equation of state was used. The calculations of the extractive distillation schemes were carried out at 101.32 kPa.Results. The conceptual flowsheets of extractive distillation are proposed. The flowsheets consist of three (schemes I–III) or four (scheme IV) distillation columns operating at atmospheric pressure. In schemes I and II, the extractive distillation of the mixtures is carried out with tetrahydrofuran isolation occurring in the distillate stream. Further separation in the schemes differs in the order of glycerol isolation: in the third column for scheme I (traditional extractive distillation complex) or in the second column for scheme II (two-column extractive distillation complex + methanol/water separation column). Sсheme III caters to the complete dehydration of the basic ternary mixtures, followed by the extractive distillation of the azeotropic methanol–tetrahydrofuran system, also with glycerol. Sсheme IV includes a preconcentration column (for the partial removal of water) and a traditional extractive distillation complex.Conclusions. According to the criterion of least energy consumption for separation (the total load of the reboilers of distillation columns), sсheme I (a traditional complex of extractive distillation) is recommended. Additionally, the energy expended for the separation of the basic equimolar mixture using glycerol as the extractive agent was compared with that expended using another selective agent: 1,2-ethanediol. Glycerol is an effective extractive agent because it reduces energy consumption, in comparison with 1,2-ethanediol, by more than 5%.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· ΠΈ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· схСм экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… смСсСй растворитСлСй фармацСвтичСских производств Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ систСмы мСтанол–тСтрагидрофуран–вода Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава. ВрСхкомпонСнтная систСма содСрТит Π΄Π²Π° минимально кипящих Π°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ сущСствования пароТидкостного равновСсия. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ сСлСктивного дСйствия Π³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° исслСдованы Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ равновСсия систСм мСтанол–тСтрагидрофуран–вода ΠΈ мСтанол–тСтрагидрофуран–вода–глицСрин ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 101.32 кПа.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ экспСримСнт Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Aspen Plus V.9.0. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ расчСты Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… равновСсий ΠΏΠΎ ΡƒΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ NRTL (Non-Random Two-Liquid) с ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса. Для ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° нСидСального повСдСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ использовали ΡƒΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ состояния Π Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ…Π°β€“ΠšΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°. РасчСты схСм экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 101.32 кПа.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ тСхнологичСскиС схСмы раздСлСния (I–IV), состоящиС ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… (I–III) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ… (IV) Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½, Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ атмосфСрном Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ схСмах I, II ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ экстрактивная рСктификация Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… смСсСй с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ содСрТаниСм Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ для выдСлСния Π² дистиллатном ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π°. Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² схСмах Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ выдСлСния Π³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°: Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ схСмы I (Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ схСмы II (Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ + ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° раздСлСния ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹). Π’ схСмС III прСдусмотрСно ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… смСсСй с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы мСтанол–тСтрагидрофуран Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ с Π³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠ° IV состоит ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ концСнтрирования (частичного удалСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹) ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. По ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… энСргозатрат Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (суммарная Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½) Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° схСма I (Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс экстрактивной Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ). Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ сравнСниС энСргозатрат схСмы I ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ смСси эквимолярного состава с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ сСлСктивным вСщСством – этилСнгликолСм, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π² качСствС Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Π“Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ являСтся эффСктивным экстрактивным Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ обСспСчиваСт сниТСниС энСргозатрат Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 5%

    Cytokine activity of the non-catalytic EMAP-2-like domain of mammalian tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase

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    Cytokine activity of the isolated recombinant C-terminal domain of mammalian lyrosyl-tRNA synthetasg (TyrRS), which is homologous to a tumor-derived cytokine, endothelial and monocyte activating polypeptide (EMAP-2) has been studied. It was shown that C-domain induced a ~ 2-fold increase of monocyte chemotaxis. This effect is comparable with the values of chemotaxis induction by EMAP-2 cytokine and proEMAP-2. The truncated catalytic form of bovine TyrRS (2 x 39 kDa) lias no effect on monocyte chemotaxis. C-domain of TyrRS also induced a ~ 3-fold increase in tissue factor activity in cultured human endothelial cells. A hypothesis is forwarded that the isolated C-domain of mammalian TyrRS may be released at proteoiytic cleavage of TyrRS by some protease, activated ui stress conditions, and functions as a mediator via signal transduction through interaction with a putative EMAP-2 receptor.ДослідТСно Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Ρ–Π½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘-ΠΊΡ–Π½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»-Ρ‚Π ΠΠš синтСтази (Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘) ссавців, Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π•ΠœΠΠ -2 Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π½Ρƒ. Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Ρ–Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ” Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ хСмотаксису ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Ρƒ 2 Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ близький Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, спричинСного Π•ΠœΠΠ -2 Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ•ΠœΠΠ -2. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€Β­ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘ (2 Ρƒ- 39 ΠΊΠ”Π°) Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π° хСмотаксис ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π². Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Ρ–Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡƒΡ” зростання активності Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Β­Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ людини Π² 3 Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° стосовно Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΒ­ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‰Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘ пСвною ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Π·ΠΎΡŽ, яка Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² стрСсових ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ…, Ρ– Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ як ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Ρ–Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρ– сигналу ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ— Π· Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π•ΠœΠΠ -2 Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π½ΡƒΠ˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° цитокиновая Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»-Ρ‚Π ΠΠš синтСтазы (Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘) ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…, Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π•ΠœΠΠ -2 Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρƒ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ хСмотаксиса ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² 2 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ эффСкт Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π•ΠœΠΠ -2 ΠΈ Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ•ΠœΠΠ -2. ΠŸΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ моди­фицированная каталитичСская Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘ (2 Ρ… 39 ΠΊΠ”Π°) Π½Π΅ влияСт Π½Π° хСмотаксис ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ². Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ PC Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ рост активности Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² 3 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΒ­Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ протСолитичСском расщСплСнии Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π Π‘ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Β­Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² стрСссовых условиях, ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΒ­Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ сигнала ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ взаи­модСйствии с Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° Π•ΠœΠΠ -2

    Dressing chain for the acoustic spectral problem

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    The iterations are studied of the Darboux transformation for the generalized Schroedinger operator. The applications to the Dym and Camassa-Holm equations are considered.Comment: 16 pages, 6 eps figure

    Gauge-invariant description of several (2+1)-dimensional integrable nonlinear evolution equations

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    We obtain new gauge-invariant forms of two-dimensional integrable systems of nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera and Kaup-Kuperschmidt system, the generalized system of dispersive long waves, and the Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov system. We show how these forms imply both new and well-known two-dimensional integrable nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera equation, Kaup-Kuperschmidt equation, dispersive long-wave system, Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation, and modified Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation. We consider Miura-type transformations between nonlinear equations in different gauges.Comment: Talk given at the Workshop "Nonlinear Physics: Theory and Experiment. V", Gallipoli (Lecce, Italy), 12-21 June, 200

    Automatic conditioning of the CTF3 RF system

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    The RF system of CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) includes ten 35 MW to 40 MW 3 GHz klystrons and one 20 MW 1.5 GHz klystron. High power RF conditioning of the waveguide network and cavities connected to each klystron can be extremely time consuming. Because of this, a fully automatic conditioning system has been developed within a CERN JINR (Dubna) collaboration. It involves relatively minor hardware additions, most of the work being in application and front-end software. The system has already been used very successfully

    Experimental evaluation of digitally verifiable photonic computing for blockchain and cryptocurrency

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    As blockchain technology and cryptocurrency become increasingly mainstream, photonic computing has emerged as an efficient hardware platform that reduces ever-increasing energy costs required to verify transactions in decentralized cryptonetworks. To reduce sensitivity of these verifications to photonic hardware error, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cryptographic scheme, LightHash, that implements robust, low-bit precision matrix multiplication in programmable silicon photonic networks. We demonstrate an error mitigation scheme to reduce error by averaging computation across circuits, and simulate energy-efficiency-error trade-offs for large circuit sizes. We conclude that our error-resistant and efficient hardware solution can potentially generate a new market for decentralized photonic blockchain

    Functional representations of integrable hierarchies

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    We consider a general framework for integrable hierarchies in Lax form and derive certain universal equations from which `functional representations' of particular hierarchies (like KP, discrete KP, mKP, AKNS), i.e. formulations in terms of functional equations, are systematically and quite easily obtained. The formalism genuinely applies to hierarchies where the dependent variables live in a noncommutative (typically matrix) algebra. The obtained functional representations can be understood as `noncommutative' analogs of `Fay identities' for the KP hierarchy.Comment: 21 pages, version 2: equations (3.28) and (4.11) adde

    Block of NMDA receptor channels by endogenous neurosteroids: implications for the agonist induced conformational states of the channel vestibule

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    N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain disorders. NMDARs can be allosterically modulated by numerous compounds, including endogenous neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate. Here, we identify the molecular basis of the use-dependent and voltage-independent inhibitory effect of neurosteroids on NMDAR responses. The site of action is located at the extracellular vestibule of the receptor's ion channel pore and is accessible after receptor activation. Mutations in the extracellular vestibule in the SYTANLAAF motif disrupt the inhibitory effect of negatively charged steroids. In contrast, positively charged steroids inhibit mutated NMDAR responses in a voltage-dependent manner. These results, in combination with molecular modeling, characterize structure details of the open configuration of the NMDAR channel. Our results provide a unique opportunity for the development of new therapeutic neurosteroid-based ligands to treat diseases associated with dysfunction of the glutamate system
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