445 research outputs found
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»βΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½βΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°
Objectives. Synthesis and comparative analysis of the extractive distillation flowsheets for aqueous mixtures of solvents utilized in pharmaceutical industries using the example of a methanolβtetrahydrofuranβwater system with various compositions. The ternary system contains two minimally boiling azeotropes that exist in a vaporβliquid phase equilibrium. To evaluate the selective effect of glycerol, the phase equilibria of the methanolβtetrahydrofuranβwater and methanolβtetrahydrofuranβwaterβglycerol systems at 101.32 kPa were studied.Methods. The calculations were carried out in the Aspen Plus V.9.0 software package. The vaporβliquid equilibria were simulated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) equation with the binary interaction parameters of the software package database. To account for the non-ideal behavior of the vapor phase, the RedlichβKwong equation of state was used. The calculations of the extractive distillation schemes were carried out at 101.32 kPa.Results. The conceptual flowsheets of extractive distillation are proposed. The flowsheets consist of three (schemes IβIII) or four (scheme IV) distillation columns operating at atmospheric pressure. In schemes I and II, the extractive distillation of the mixtures is carried out with tetrahydrofuran isolation occurring in the distillate stream. Further separation in the schemes differs in the order of glycerol isolation: in the third column for scheme I (traditional extractive distillation complex) or in the second column for scheme II (two-column extractive distillation complex + methanol/water separation column). SΡheme III caters to the complete dehydration of the basic ternary mixtures, followed by the extractive distillation of the azeotropic methanolβtetrahydrofuran system, also with glycerol. SΡheme IV includes a preconcentration column (for the partial removal of water) and a traditional extractive distillation complex.Conclusions. According to the criterion of least energy consumption for separation (the total load of the reboilers of distillation columns), sΡheme I (a traditional complex of extractive distillation) is recommended. Additionally, the energy expended for the separation of the basic equimolar mixture using glycerol as the extractive agent was compared with that expended using another selective agent: 1,2-ethanediol. Glycerol is an effective extractive agent because it reduces energy consumption, in comparison with 1,2-ethanediol, by more than 5%.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»βΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½βΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π’ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»βΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½βΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»βΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½βΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°βΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ 101.32 ΠΊΠΠ°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Aspen Plus V.9.0. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ NRTL (Non-Random Two-Liquid) Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ
Π°βΠΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ 101.32 ΠΊΠΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (IβIV), ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
(IβIII) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
(IV) ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
I, II ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°: Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ I (ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ II (Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ + ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ). Π ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ III ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»βΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° IV ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½) ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° I (ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ I ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ β ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 5%
Cytokine activity of the non-catalytic EMAP-2-like domain of mammalian tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
Cytokine activity of the isolated recombinant C-terminal domain of mammalian lyrosyl-tRNA synthetasg (TyrRS), which is homologous to a tumor-derived cytokine, endothelial and monocyte activating polypeptide (EMAP-2) has been studied. It was shown that C-domain induced a ~ 2-fold increase of monocyte chemotaxis. This effect is comparable with the values of chemotaxis induction by EMAP-2 cytokine and proEMAP-2. The truncated catalytic form of bovine TyrRS (2 x 39 kDa) lias no effect on monocyte chemotaxis. C-domain of TyrRS also induced a ~ 3-fold increase in tissue factor activity in cultured human endothelial cells. A hypothesis is forwarded that the isolated C-domain of mammalian TyrRS may be released at proteoiytic cleavage of TyrRS by some protease, activated ui stress conditions, and functions as a mediator via signal transduction through interaction with a putative EMAP-2 receptor.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘-ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»-ΡΠ ΠΠ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ (ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘) ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ², Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ -2 ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ² Ρ 2 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ -2 ΡΠ° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΠΠΠ -2. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΒΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘ (2 Ρ- 39 ΠΊΠΠ°) Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ². Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°ΒΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π² 3 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΒΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
, Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠΠ -2 ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»-ΡΠ ΠΠ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ (ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘) ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
, Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ -2 ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΠΠΠ -2 ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΠΠΠ -2. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΒΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘ (2 Ρ
39 ΠΊΠΠ°) Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡ PC ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² 3 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΒΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ Π‘ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΒΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΒΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠΠΠ -2
Dressing chain for the acoustic spectral problem
The iterations are studied of the Darboux transformation for the generalized
Schroedinger operator. The applications to the Dym and Camassa-Holm equations
are considered.Comment: 16 pages, 6 eps figure
Gauge-invariant description of several (2+1)-dimensional integrable nonlinear evolution equations
We obtain new gauge-invariant forms of two-dimensional integrable systems of
nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera and Kaup-Kuperschmidt system, the
generalized system of dispersive long waves, and the Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov
system. We show how these forms imply both new and well-known two-dimensional
integrable nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera equation, Kaup-Kuperschmidt
equation, dispersive long-wave system, Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation, and
modified Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation. We consider Miura-type
transformations between nonlinear equations in different gauges.Comment: Talk given at the Workshop "Nonlinear Physics: Theory and Experiment.
V", Gallipoli (Lecce, Italy), 12-21 June, 200
Automatic conditioning of the CTF3 RF system
The RF system of CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) includes ten 35 MW to 40 MW 3 GHz klystrons and one 20 MW 1.5 GHz klystron. High power RF conditioning of the waveguide network and cavities connected to each klystron can be extremely time consuming. Because of this, a fully automatic conditioning system has been developed within a CERN JINR (Dubna) collaboration. It involves relatively minor hardware additions, most of the work being in application and front-end software. The system has already been used very successfully
Experimental evaluation of digitally verifiable photonic computing for blockchain and cryptocurrency
As blockchain technology and cryptocurrency become increasingly mainstream, photonic computing has emerged as an efficient hardware platform that reduces ever-increasing energy costs required to verify transactions in decentralized cryptonetworks. To reduce sensitivity of these verifications to photonic hardware error, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cryptographic scheme, LightHash, that implements robust, low-bit precision matrix multiplication in programmable silicon photonic networks. We demonstrate an error mitigation scheme to reduce error by averaging computation across circuits, and simulate energy-efficiency-error trade-offs for large circuit sizes. We conclude that our error-resistant and efficient hardware solution can potentially generate a new market for decentralized photonic blockchain
Current perceptions on climate change impacts and adaptation for arable crops in Europe
vokKAT. YksikΓΆn huom.: KA
Functional representations of integrable hierarchies
We consider a general framework for integrable hierarchies in Lax form and
derive certain universal equations from which `functional representations' of
particular hierarchies (like KP, discrete KP, mKP, AKNS), i.e. formulations in
terms of functional equations, are systematically and quite easily obtained.
The formalism genuinely applies to hierarchies where the dependent variables
live in a noncommutative (typically matrix) algebra. The obtained functional
representations can be understood as `noncommutative' analogs of `Fay
identities' for the KP hierarchy.Comment: 21 pages, version 2: equations (3.28) and (4.11) adde
Block of NMDA receptor channels by endogenous neurosteroids: implications for the agonist induced conformational states of the channel vestibule
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain disorders. NMDARs can be allosterically modulated by numerous compounds, including endogenous neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate. Here, we identify the molecular basis of the use-dependent and voltage-independent inhibitory effect of neurosteroids on NMDAR responses. The site of action is located at the extracellular vestibule of the receptor's ion channel pore and is accessible after receptor activation. Mutations in the extracellular vestibule in the SYTANLAAF motif disrupt the inhibitory effect of negatively charged steroids. In contrast, positively charged steroids inhibit mutated NMDAR responses in a voltage-dependent manner. These results, in combination with molecular modeling, characterize structure details of the open configuration of the NMDAR channel. Our results provide a unique opportunity for the development of new therapeutic neurosteroid-based ligands to treat diseases associated with dysfunction of the glutamate system
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