The role of fragmentation in interaction of meteoroids with the Earth's atmosphere

As a rule, when analyzing the mechanism of quasi continuous fragmentation (QCF) it is assumed that fragments separated from the parent meteoroid (PM) are of equal initial mass. In reality, this may not be so. A major difficulty is the lack of observational data on the function of the fragment initial mass distribution and so one must resort to theoretical modeling. A discrete distribution is considered which excluded to a certain extent some mathematical difficulties. The calculation results are given and discussed

DESIGN OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND ANALYZING THE RADIATION SITUATION AT THE PHRO OF THE SVERDLOVSK BRANCH OF THE UTO BRANCH OF THE FED

A comparison of the available software and justification of the choice of structure and software for the rapid assessment of the radiation situation at PRO of the Sverdlovsk branch of the branch "Urals territorial district" of the FSUE RosRAO based on the analysis of mon-itoring results

Эффективность и безопасность винфлунина во 2-й линии терапии у больных распространенным переходно-клеточным раком мочевых путей в клинической практике

Objective: to investigate the safety of vinflunine, the rate and duration of its treatment response, progression-free and overall survival rates in patients receiving this drug in routine clinical practice for first-line chemotherapy (CT) – resistant disseminated transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract.Materials and methods. This retrospective observational multicenter study included data on 25 patients with verified disseminated transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract who took vinflunine for tumor progression after first-line CT performed in 11 Russian clinical centers in 23 March 2013 to 26 June 2016. The median age of the patients was 60 (44‒81) years. Their baseline somatic status was rated as ECOG 0 in 1 (4.0 %) patient, ECOG 1 in 13 (52.0 %) patients, EGOG 2 in 9 (36.0 %), and ECOG 3 in 2 (8.0 %). The most common sites of tumor foci were bones (n = 14, 56.0 %), lymph nodes of different groups (n = 14; 56.0 %), and lung (n = 9; 36.0 %).Results. Adverse reactions were recorded in 24 (96.0 %) cases. The most common types of toxicity were asthenia (n = 19; 76.0 %), anemia (n = 18; 72.0 %), neutropenia (n = 13; 52 %), and nausea (n = 12; 48.0 %). Most adverse events were grades I–II and well controlled. There were no deaths due to adverse events. The best treatment response was regarded as partial in 6 (24.0 %) patients; stabilization and progression were observed in 10 (40.0 %) and 9 (36.0 %) patients, respectively. The median duration of partial response was 5.1 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.6–15.0) months; that of stabilization was 3.4 (95 % CI, 1.2–6.3) months. In all the 25 cases, the median progression-free and overall survival rates were 3.7 (95 % CI, 2.1‒5.3) and 6.5 (95 % CI, 5.2‒7.8) months, respectively. The somatic status was a predictor of overall survival (p < 0.0001).Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of vinflunine in second-line therapy for first-line CT-resistant disseminated transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract in unselected patients agree with those previously observed in Phase III randomized trial.Цель исследования – изучение безопасности, частоты и длительности ответов, беспрогрессивной и общей выживаемости у больных, получавших винфлунин в рутинной клинической практике по поводу распространенного переходно-клеточного рака мочевых путей, резистентного к 1-й линии химиотерапии (ХТ).Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное наблюдательное многоцентровое исследование включены данные 25 больных верифицированным распространенным переходно-клеточным раком мочевых путей, получавших винфлунин по поводу прогрессии опухоли после проведения ХТ 1-й линии с 23.03.2013 по 26.06.2016 в 11 клинических центрах России. Медиана возраста – 60 (44–81) лет. Исходный соматический статус по шкале ECOG был расценен как 0 у 1 (4,0 %), 1 – у 13 (52,0 %), 2 – у 9 (36,0 %), 3 – у 2 (8,0 %) больных. Наиболее распространенными локализациями опухолевых очагов были кости (n =14; 56,0 %), лимфатические узлы различных групп (n =14; 56,0 %) и легкие (n = 9; 36,0 %).Результаты. Нежелательные явления были зарегистрированы в 24 (96,0 %) случаях. Наиболее распространенными видами токсичности являлись астения (n =19; 76,0 %), анемия (n =18; 72,0 %), нейтропения (n =13; 52,0 %), тошнота (n = 12; 48,0 %). Нежелательные явления в большинстве наблюдений имели I–II степени тяжести и хорошо контролировались. Смертности, обусловленной нежелательными явлениями, не зарегистрировано. Наилучший ответ на лечение расценен как частичный у 6 (24,0 %), стабилизация – у 10 (40,0 %), прогрессирование – у 9 (36,0 %) больных. Медиана длительности частичного ответа составила 5,1 (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,6–15,0) мес, стабилизации – 3,4 (95 % ДИ 1,2–6,3) мес. Медиана беспрогрессивной и общей выживаемости всех 25 больных составила 3,7 (95 % ДИ 2,1–5,3) и 6,5 (95 % ДИ 5,2–7,8) мес соответствен- но. Соматический статус являлся фактором прогноза общей выживаемости (p < 0,0001).Заключение. Эффективность и безопасность применения винфлунина во 2-й линии терапии распространенного переходно-клеточного рака мочевых путей, резистентного к 1-й линии ХТ, у неотобранных больных соответствуют ранее полученным результатам рандомизированного исследования III фазы.

Динаміка морфометричних показників і вмісту глікогену в серці щурів після антенатального впливу антигенів

Cardiovascular pathology may be formed on the background of the heart morphogenesis disturbances during fetal development. There is a high prevalence of pathological pregnancy, intrauterine infections of different etiology, accompanied by dysfunction of the placenta and the penetration of foreign antigens into the fetus in the last decade. Pathology of the antenatal period has negative health consequences over lifetime. Intrauterine administration of antigens in experiment causes acceleration of immunologically immature lymphocytes migration from the thymus to the internal organs. These lymphocytes affect the formation of morphological and functional units of the internal organs. Features of the morphogenesis of heart after antenatal antigens exposure have not been studied.Objective To determine the dynamics of body weight, heart weight and their ratio and glycogen content in cardiomyocytes in experimental animals (rats) after antenatal antigens exposure.Research design and Methods Experimental study of the heart morphogenesis in rats of Wistar line after intrauterine injection of antigens at 18 days of pregnancy by the method of Voloshin N.A. has been performed. The dynamics of the body and heart weights in the rats of six age groups (1, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days of postnatal period of ontogenesis) has been investigated. Animals were divided in 4 groups: I - intact group, II - intrauterine injection of Human Immunoglobulin for intramuscular administration, III - intrauterine injection of Influenza Vaccine VAXIGRIP, IV - intrauterine injection of Sodium Chloride solution 0.9% (control group). Relative heart weight was calculated as heart weight x100, mg / body weight, mg. The histochemical PAS diastase staining of heart sections has been investigated for the differentiation of glycogen and other glycoproteins in the rats of three age groups (1, 7 and 60 days of postnatal period). The histochemical index of the glycogen content in cardiomyocytes was determined by the method of Kaplow L.S. Results Increased body weight in animals of II and III groups compared with body weight of intact (I) and control (IV) groups in all terms of postnatal period of ontogenesis from the first day of life has been noted. From 14 to 60 days increased body weight of animals of groups II and III was significant as compared with indexes of groups I and IV. Significant differences in body weight in any terms of postnatal period of ontogenesis in intact and control animals groups were not detected. The absolute heart weight had no significant differences in the animals of different groups from 1 to 60 days of postnatal period, except group 7 days. The relative heart weight of animals of groups II and III was significantly lower than both the intact and control groups’ indexes from 7 days of life for all age groups up to 60 days. The downward trend at neonatal period and the significant increasing at the age of 60 days of postnatal development of glycogen content in cardiomyocytes of II and III groups animals compared with intact (I) and control (IV) groups indexes have been established.Conclusions Disproportion in development of rat hearts in experiment with a significant reduction of its relative weight at the period from 7 days of life on the background trend in early terms and significant from 30 to 60 days overweight of experimental animals, significant increasing of glycogen content in cardiomyocytes at the age of 60 days of postnatal development have been established. Revealed changes do not depend on the nature of the antigen and demonstrate the heart morphofunctional disorders in rats with antenatal antigens exposure.Изучена динамика массы тела, массы сердца и содержания гликогена в миокарде крыс линии Вистар в сроки с 1 по 60 сутки постнатального развития после внутриутробного введения антигенов по методу Н.А. Волошина. Выявленa диспропорция развития сердца экспериментальных крыс с достоверным снижением его относительной массы начиная с 7 суток жизни на фоне тенденции в ранних сроках и достоверной с 30 суток избыточной массы тела экспериментальных животных; достоверное повышение содержания гликогена в кардиомиоцитах на 60 сутки постнатального развития. Обнаруженные изменения не зависят от природы антигена и свидетельствуют о морфофункциональных нарушениях сердца у крыс с антенатальным антигенным воздействием.Вивчено динаміку маси тіла, маси серця і вмісту глікогену в міокарді щурів лінії Вістар в строки з 1 по 60 добу постнатального розвитку після внутрішньоутробного введення антигенів за методом М.А. Волошина. Виявлено диспропорцію розвитку серця експериментальних щурів з достовірним зниженням його відносної маси починаючи з 7 доби життя на фоні тенденції в ранніх строках і достовірної з 30 доби надлишкової маси тіла експериментальних тварин; достовірне підвищення вмісту глікогену в кардіоміоцитах на 60 добу постнатального розвитку. Виявлені зміни не залежать від природи антигену і свідчать про морфофункціональні порушення серця у щурів з антенатальним антигенним впливом

Dynamics of morphometric parameters and the glycogen content in rat hearts after аntenatal antigen influence

Cardiovascular pathology may be formed on the background of the heart morphogenesis disturbances during fetal development. There is a high prevalence of pathological pregnancy, intrauterine infections of different etiology, accompanied by dysfunction of the placenta and the penetration of foreign antigens into the fetus in the last decade. Pathology of the antenatal period has negative health consequences over lifetime. Intrauterine administration of antigens in experiment causes acceleration of immunologically immature lymphocytes migration from the thymus to the internal organs. These lymphocytes affect the formation of morphological and functional units of the internal organs. Features of the morphogenesis of heart after antenatal antigens exposure have not been studied. Objective To determine the dynamics of body weight, heart weight and their ratio and glycogen content in cardiomyocytes in experimental animals (rats) after antenatal antigens exposure. Research design and Methods Experimental study of the heart morphogenesis in rats of Wistar line after intrauterine injection of antigens at 18 days of pregnancy by the method of Voloshin N.A. has been performed. The dynamics of the body and heart weights in the rats of six age groups (1, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days of postnatal period of ontogenesis) has been investigated. Animals were divided in 4 groups: I - intact group, II - intrauterine injection of Human Immunoglobulin for intramuscular administration, III - intrauterine injection of Influenza Vaccine VAXIGRIP, IV - intrauterine injection of Sodium Chloride solution 0.9% (control group). Relative heart weight was calculated as heart weight x100, mg / body weight, mg. The histochemical PAS diastase staining of heart sections has been investigated for the differentiation of glycogen and other glycoproteins in the rats of three age groups (1, 7 and 60 days of postnatal period). The histochemical index of the glycogen content in cardiomyocytes was determined by the method of Kaplow L.S. Results Increased body weight in animals of II and III groups compared with body weight of intact (I) and control (IV) groups in all terms of postnatal period of ontogenesis from the first day of life has been noted. From 14 to 60 days increased body weight of animals of groups II and III was significant as compared with indexes of groups I and IV. Significant differences in body weight in any terms of postnatal period of ontogenesis in intact and control animals groups were not detected. The absolute heart weight had no significant differences in the animals of different groups from 1 to 60 days of postnatal period, except group 7 days. The relative heart weight of animals of groups II and III was significantly lower than both the intact and control groups’ indexes from 7 days of life for all age groups up to 60 days. The downward trend at neonatal period and the significant increasing at the age of 60 days of postnatal development of glycogen content in cardiomyocytes of II and III groups animals compared with intact (I) and control (IV) groups indexes have been established. Conclusions Disproportion in development of rat hearts in experiment with a significant reduction of its relative weight at the period from 7 days of life on the background trend in early terms and significant from 30 to 60 days overweight of experimental animals, significant increasing of glycogen content in cardiomyocytes at the age of 60 days of postnatal development have been established. Revealed changes do not depend on the nature of the antigen and demonstrate the heart morphofunctional disorders in rats with antenatal antigens exposure

The clinical and instrumental features of carditis in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis

The clinical and instrumental features of carditis in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis in dynamics of disease have been investigated. The long-term existence of cardiac rhythm disorders and cardiac remodeling has been shown

DERMATOPOLYMIOSITIS OR WHEN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS MUST BE ON SYNDROME LEVEL

The patient with the severe course of dermatopolymiositis served as an example for diagnostics, clinical syndromes establishment, and treatment tactics. The importance of the syndrome but not of the nosological diagnosis was marked