A holistic mathematical modelling and simulation for cathodic delamination mechanism – a novel and an efficient approach

This paper addresses a holistic mathematical design using a novel approach for understanding the mechanism of cathodic delamination. The approach employed a set of interdependent parallel processes with each process representing: cation formation, oxygen reduction and cation transport mechanism, respectively. Novel mathematical equations have been developed for each of the processes based on the observations recorded from experimentation. These equations are then solved using efficient time-iterated algorithms. Each process consists of distinct algorithms which communicate with each other using duplex channels carrying signals. Each signal represents a distinct delamination parameter. As a result of interdependency of various processes and their parallel behaviour, it is much easier to analyse the quantitative agreement between various delamination parameters. The developed modelling approach provides an efficient and reliable prediction method for the delamination failure. The results obtained are in good agreement with the previously reported experimental interpretations and numerical results. This model provides a foundation for the future research within the area of coating failure analysis and prediction

Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors among American Indians in the Midwest

Colorectal cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among American Indians and is also the second leading cause of cancer death. We used a community-based participatory approach to conduct a mixed methods study to examine colorectal cancer screening behaviors. Here we report on the screening behaviors of our focus group participants (n=153). There were significant gender differences in the colorectal cancer screening rates for FOBT and colonoscopy. Although over 80% of participants reported having health insurance, only 35% of males over 50 years old and 57% of females reported ever having a colonoscopy. More research is needed to identify the causes of gender differences in colorectal cancer screening rates among American Indians. The results of the current study provide new information on the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening among American Indians living in the Midwestern (Kansas and Missouri) portion of the country

Seedling Recruitment of Rhododendron arboreum: an important NTFP species of North-Western Himalaya, India

We examined the recruitment, survival, mortality, growth, and development of Rhododendron arboreum Smith, one of the important Non- Timber forest Product species (NTFPs). Ten permanent plots (10 x 10 m2) were created in four sites of mixed broad-leaved temperate forests of Garhwal Himalaya. We measured seedling shoot length and collar diameter at the beginning of the experiment and re-measured at three-month intervals with maximum seedling recruitment recorded in Triguginaryan (36.36 %, during Nov and Aug), and most seedlings were found established either on the boundary or in either partially or fully gaps. While a higher rate of mortality occurred in the winter season. Maximum height increment for seedlings was recorded in Adhwani (1.005 cm-1). R. arboreum recorded the highest recruitment during post-rainy, with an overall increment of 0.60 cm-1. Seasonal variations were seen in the overall relative growth rate for height (RGRH) for Rhododendron seedlings. Seasonal variation in temperature and light is a crucial factor in determining growth. Because of the favorable temperature and soil moisture during the rainy season, vigorous shoot growth continued for the longest period of time at all four sites. The current study's findings also show that seedlings develop and survive better in gaps than in the understory. The current study also demonstrates that ideal soil moisture and temperature conditions are essential for seedling growth and development

Pathogenicity and Host Range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris – Incitant of Black Rot of Crucifers

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris   (Pammel) Dowson is a serious disease of cabbage in Jammu and Kashmir. Amongst different inoculation methods tested, ‘Vein inoculation’ method gave quicker symptom expression and highest lesion progression followed by ‘Hydathode inoculation’ and ‘Clip inoculation’ methods, respectively. Spray inoculation for stomatal penetration of the pathogen failed to express any symptoms. Host range studies under conditions of artificial inoculation revealed that the bacterium infected almost all the crucifer crops cultivated in Kashmir, besides some cruciferous weeds but failed to infect any of the non-cruciferous plant species tested. Key words: Black rot, cabbage, host range, pathogenicity, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Nazir A. Bhat et al. Pathogenicity and Host Range of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris – Incitant of Black Rot of Crucifers. J Phytol 2/10 (2010) 01-05

Drug induced erythema multiforme-oral variant: A case report

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a muco-cutaneous disorders characterized by blisters and subsequent ulcerations with varying degrees of severity. Although the exact etio-pathogenesis of erythema multiforme is not known, it is considered to be an immune-mediated disorder which may develop following infections or drug exposure. We report a case of erythema multiforme following administration of Ceftriaxone in an adult male. The patient developed mucosal bullae and extensive ulcerations in the oral cavity and crusted lesions on the lips. Management involved topical analgesics, antimicrobials, and oral steroids. Complete healing of oral and lip lesions was achieved within two weeks

Predictive and prognostic modelling and simulation of coating failures due to corrosion and mechanical failures

This research presents analytical and mathematical modelling of coating failures within industrial components, structures, mobile assets and systems due to corrosive degradation and mechanical fracture. These failures lead to serval surface problems, therefore contact mechanics and electrochemistry approaches incorporating induced residual stresses have been adopted to develop a comprehensive solution for the prediction prognostic of such failures. Experimental study of film cracking and its propagation into substrates, interfacial transient behaviours and film-substrate system has been conducted. A parallel study of corrosive degradation to include cathodic delamination, cathodic blistering and tribo-corrosion of films has been conducted. Experimental and analytical studies of induced residual stresses within the coating and their effects on failure mechanisms and propagation have been completed. A detailed investigation of elastic mismatch at the interfacial contact and interfacial crack tip field has been performed and a complex stress intensity factor is presented. Mathematical derivation of oscillatory singularity, mode mix and interfacial fracture criterion to include adhesion are presented. This paper presents novel mathematical modelling incorporating interfacial crack propagating, diffusion of corrosive species and cathodic blistering for prediction and prognoses of coating failures

A Unified Mathematical Modelling and Simulation for Cathodic Blistering Mechanism incorporating diffusion and fracture mechanics concepts

A novel mathematical model has been developed to understand the mechanism of blister initiation and propagation. The model employs a two-part theoretical approach encompassing the debondment of a coating film from the substrate, coupled with the design components incorporating diffusion and fracture mechanics, where the latter is derived from equi-biaxial tensile loading. Integrating the two components, a comprehensive mathematical design for the propagation of blister boundaries based on specific toughness functions and mode adjustment parameters has been developed. This approach provided a reliable and efficient prediction method for blister growth rate and mechanisms. The model provided a foundation for holistic design based on diffusion and mechanic components to enable better understanding of the debondment of thin elastic films bonded to a metallic substrate

SACRED LANDSCAPES AS REPOSITORIES OF BIODIVERSITY. A CASE STUDY FROM THE HARIYALI DEVI SACRED LANDSCAPE, UTTARAKHAND

The present study was carried out in the Hariyali Devi sacred landscape of Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand State of India. The study area falls under the jurisdiction of the Forest Department, having the status of reserve forest. The land scape is dedicated to the deity “Hariyali Devi” and that plays a major role in conserving the biodiversity of this land scape. Taboos, rituals and socio-cultural practices are associated with conservation practices. The study recorded 98 plant species, representing 88 genera and 46 families with different economic values. The dominant family was Rosaceae, which recorded the highest (10) number of species. Out of 98 plant species the dominant life form contribution was of herbs (52), shrubs (26) and tree species (21). Almost 82 plants species in the landscape are of medicinal importance, 15 species are used for timber and construction purposes, 19 species with different edible plant parts, such as fruits, flowers, seeds and rhizomes. The information about the uses/economic value of different plant species was gathered directly by interviewing knowledgeable elderly local villagers (including women)

Review Proses Penyangraian Kopi dan Terbentuknya Akrilamida yang Berhubungan dengan Kesehatan

Makalah ini berisi tinjauan komprehensif terhadap literatur tentang proses penyangraian kopi dan pembentukan akrilamida sebagai hasil sampingan proses pengolahan biji kopi diterbitkan antara tahun 2008 hingga 2018. bagian besar penelitian bersifat empiris dan sebagian besar studi berfokus pada proses pengolahan kopi dan efek akrilamida pada kesehatan tubuh. Temuan penting lainnya, sebagian kajian menganggap bahwa kopi mampu meningkatkan kesehatan tubuh. Ulasan ini menyajikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang manfaat dan bahaya kopi serta pengaruh penyangraian terhadap mutu kopi yang dihasilkan. Tinjauan ini juga menyoroti tentang alat sangrai kopi yang relatif kurang dieksplorasi. Akademisi, peneliti dan kelompok tani dapat menggunakan hasil kajian ini sebagai pedoman dalam menyangrai kopi. Penyangraian dengan waktu dan suhu yang efektif dapat mengurangi pembentukan akrilamida pada kopi, namun perlu kajian literatur terbaru yang berkaitan dengan proses pengolahan kopi terutama pada proses penyangraian

A model for cathodic blister growth in coating degradation using mesomechanics approach

The paper presents a novel theoretical model of blistering initiation and propagation especially useful for coating life assessment. The focus is on initially circular blisters. A two-part theoretical analysis of blistering is conducted using mesomechanics approach coupling diffusion concepts with fracture mechanics concepts. The diffusion concept is used to treat the corrosive species transport, eventually causing corrosion and blistering, while the fracture mechanics concept is used to treat the blister growth as circular crack propagation. Effects of thickness ratio and modulus ratio on blistering propagation are discussed. A simple criterion is identified which excludes the possibility of widespread blister propagation. Furthermore, a comparative study with the existing blistering models is carried out. Experiments are reported for blistering using a model coating-substrate system, chosen to allow visualisation of interface and to permit coupled (diffusion and residual) stresses in the coating over a full range of interest. The predicted limits from theoretical model are expected to be useful for the manufacturers in the design and deposition of coatings