Irreversibilities in a triple diffusive flow in various porous cavities

Entropy generation minimization approach is a very good method allowing to analyze the engineering systems to exclude technical failure. The present study deals with computational analysis of triple diffusive flow, energy transference and entropy production in different porous cavities from square to triangular through trapezoidal shape. The formulated boundary-value problem has been worked out using the finite element technique and non-primitive variables. The developed computational code has been verified using numerical results of other researchers. Analysis of entropy production due to energy and mass transport, motion friction, and porous material has been performed for different chamber's shapes. Entropy generation analysis in chambers of various geometries under the triple-diffusive flow is a novelty of the present research, where different entropy production mechanisms have been scrutinized for one complex problem. It has been ascertained that average total entropy generation strength raises with buoyancy ratios, Lewis and Rayleigh numbers, but it has the minimum value for the square chamber in comparison with triangular and trapezoidal shapes. Moreover, obtained results characterize a neglecting influence of motion friction on the total entropy generation

Cotard's syndrome and delayed diagnosis in Kashmir, India

Cotard's syndrome is a rare syndrome, characterized by the presence of nihilistic delusions. The syndrome is typically related to depression and is mostly found in middle-aged or older people. A few cases have been reported in young people with 90% of these being females. We present a case of a young pregnant woman suffering from Cotard's syndrome. This is the first report of this syndrome in a pregnant woman. The case was diagnosed late, due to lack of awareness of psychiatric problems in primary care physicians resulting in undue suffering, loss of precious time and resources for the patient. Besides highlighting the rare combination of pregnancy and Cotard's syndrome this report delineates the difficulties faced by patients with such symptoms in a low resource setting

Effect of different caloric values on the recovery of marasmic children

The effect of diets of different caloric values on the recovery of marasmic children was studied for 3 weeks in Pakistan. Sixty marasmic children of less than 5 years age were grouped in to 4; each group was having 15 children. For each group, two diets, one for early recovery and the other for catch up growth, were prepared from fresh buffalo milk, banana, soybean oil and glucose. The basal (reference) and test diets for early recovery and catch up growth were having constant protein and variable amount of calories. The basal diets and test diets for early recovery and catch up growth were assigned to group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The early recovery diets were fed for the first 5 days and the catch up growth diets were fed for the remaining period. The recovery of the children was measured in terms of weight gain and weight was taken weekly. The combined average intake/day of the diets was calculated. The average protein intake of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.4 ± 0.6, 2.1 ± 0.4, 2.3 ± 1.0 and 2.6 ± 1.0 g/kg body weight/day respectively. The average caloric intake of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 128 ± 32, 129 ± 30, 150 ± 63 and 185 ± 71 Kcal/Kg body weight/day respectively. Children of all the groups gained weight but the groups of test diets gained more weight than the group of basal diet. Group 3 of test diets gained significantly (P< 0.05) more weight than group 1 of basal diet. The data revealed that the diet that provided 2.3 ± 1.0 g protein and 153 ± 63 Kcal/Kg body weight /day was better for the recovery of marasmic children

Nutrition Policy in the Post-devolution Context in Pakistan: An Analysis of Provincial Opportunities and Barriers

In this article we take a comparative look at strategic opportunities and barriers for action on nutrition in Pakistan's four provinces in the post?devolution context. Provinces have faced historically common constraints of lack of a comprehensive policy and minimal allocations by the state, driven by low visibility of nutrition, siloed working of sectors and weak coalitions. Provinces also face common contextual impediments of poverty, patriarchy, and inadequate health and WASH coverage, with two provinces also constrained by inequitable power structures. Recent focusing events have provided a window of opportunity to the provinces for action on nutrition leading to definite movement towards horizontal coordination for nutrition, upscaled funding and stronger vertical integration. However, there are variations in the extent of coalition building on nutrition, supportive leadership, governance and community outreach. The Pakistan experience shows that strategising for nutrition needs to move beyond a closely tailored national policy to accounting for sub?national potential and constraints