ЧИННИКИ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

Problems regarding foreign economic activity of economic entities are extremely diverse. One of the aspects of these issues gets considerable attention, while others are much less studied, and some aspects have been updated not so long ago. Among the latter is the financial and economic security of foreign economic activity, in the provision of which the influence of many factors must be taken into account. One of these factors is globalization, which today becomes an objective reality for development of modern world. However, impact of globalization on financial-economical processes on macro- and microlevel is ambiguous. Taking into account prevalence of many global conflicts and other factors of negative impact, globalization challenges, existing trends of development of economical processes stipulate mostly negative impact on subjects of foreign economic activity. The financial and economic security of foreign economic activity of the enterprise and the country as a whole are considered from the point of view of joint application of the protection and harmonization approaches and recognized as one of the most important conditions for the effectiveness of its implementation. The theoretical basis of the study were the ideas of the theory of interaction (the theory of exchange J. Humans and P. Blau, the theory of interaction between the results of D. Tibo and G. Keelli and the theory of potential conflicts). The factors of financial-economical security of foreign economic activity for domestic subjects of entrepreneurial activity and country in general are considered in the article. It is displayed that foreign economic activity with Russia, which so far is carried out by domestic enterprises, is a very serious threat to the economic security of Ukraine as a whole, as well as its business entities. The main globalization challenges in the field of foreign economic activity for domestic subjects of entrepreneurial activity are identified. The main challenges in the field of foreign trade of goods are specified in the article. The changes in the guidelines for foreign trade in goods are given and the reasons for such changes are detailed. The global, local and institutional impacts on system of economic security of enterprises that are subjects of foreign economic activity are specified and the appropriate reaction of their systems to such influence is suggested.Глобализация является объективной реальностью развития современного мира и неоднозначно влияет на финансово-экономические процессы на макро- и микроуровне. Учитывая существование многих глобальных конфликтов и других факторов негативного воздействия, имеющиеся общемировые тенденции развития экономических процессов обусловливают преимущественно негативное влияние на субъектов внешнеэкономической деятельности. Определены факторы финансово-экономической безопасности внешнеэкономической деятельности отечественных субъектов предпринимательской деятельности и страны в целом. Выделены основные глобализационные вызовы в сфере внешнеэкономической деятельности отечественных субъектов хозяйствования. Приведены изменения ориентиров во внешней торговле товарами и детализированы причины таких изменений. Определено глобальное, локальное и институциональное влияние на систему экономической безопасности предприятий — субъектов внешнеэкономической деятельности, сформирована ответная реакция их систем экономической безопасности на такое воздействие.Проблематика зовнішньоекономічної діяльності суб’єктів господарювання надзвичайно різноманітна. Одному з аспектів цієї проблематики приділено значну увагу, тоді як інші досліджено значно менше, а деякі аспекти актуалізувалися не так давно. До числа останніх належить фінансово-економічна безпека зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, у забезпеченні якої варто враховувати вплив багатьох чинників. Одним з таких чинників є  глобалізація, що сьогодні стає об’єктивною реальністю розвитку сучасного світу і неоднозначно впливає на фінансово-економічні процеси на макро- і мікрорівні. Враховуючи існування багатьох глобальних конфліктів та інших факторів негативної дії, глобалізаційні виклики зумовлюють переважно негативний вплив на суб’єктів зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Фінансово-економічну безпеку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємства і країни в цілому розглянуто з позиції спільного застосування захисного та гармонізаційного підходів і визнано однією з найголовніших умов результативності її здійснення. Теоретичний базис дослідження становлять положення теорій взаємодії (теорії обміну Дж. Хоманса і П. Блау, теорії взаємодії результатів Д. Тібо і Г. Кєллі та теорії потенційних конфліктів). Визначено чинники фінансово-економічної безпеки зовнішньоекономічної діяльності вітчизняних суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності і країни в цілому. Показано, що зовнішньоекономічна діяльність з Росією, яку дотепер здійснюють вітчизняні підприємства, є вельми вагомою загрозою економічній безпеці і України загалом, і суб’єктів господарювання. Окреслено основні глобалізаційні виклики у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності вітчизняних суб’єктів господарювання. Наведено зміни орієнтирів у зовнішній торгівлі товарами та деталізовано причини таких змін. Визначено глобальний, локальний та інституціональний вплив на систему економічної безпеки підприємств — суб’єктів зовнішньоекономічної діяльності та запропоновано відповідну реакцію їхніх систем економічної безпеки на такий вплив

Approximation of classes of Poisson integrals by Fejer sums

For upper bounds of the deviations of Fejer sums taken over classes of periodic functions that admit analytic extensions to a fixed strip of the complex plane, we obtain asymptotic equalities. In certain cases, these equalities give a solution of the corresponding Kolmogorov-Nikolsky problem

Estimating Mutual Information

We present two classes of improved estimators for mutual information $M(X,Y)$, from samples of random points distributed according to some joint probability density $\mu(x,y)$. In contrast to conventional estimators based on binnings, they are based on entropy estimates from $k$-nearest neighbour distances. This means that they are data efficient (with $k=1$ we resolve structures down to the smallest possible scales), adaptive (the resolution is higher where data are more numerous), and have minimal bias. Indeed, the bias of the underlying entropy estimates is mainly due to non-uniformity of the density at the smallest resolved scale, giving typically systematic errors which scale as functions of $k/N$ for $N$ points. Numerically, we find that both families become {\it exact} for independent distributions, i.e. the estimator $\hat M(X,Y)$ vanishes (up to statistical fluctuations) if $\mu(x,y) = \mu(x) \mu(y)$. This holds for all tested marginal distributions and for all dimensions of $x$ and $y$. In addition, we give estimators for redundancies between more than 2 random variables. We compare our algorithms in detail with existing algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our estimators for assessing the actual independence of components obtained from independent component analysis (ICA), for improving ICA, and for estimating the reliability of blind source separation.Comment: 16 pages, including 18 figure

Surgical treatment of trophoblastic disease. Modern concept and contradictions (literature review)

A review of studies on the comparison of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of malignant trophoblastic tumors before the start of standard chemotherapy and in terms of combination treatment is presented. According to Russian and foreign studies, surgical treatment is relevant for patients with primary or metastatic tumor resistance. The article presents the results of treatment of patients after various types of operations. The most common volume of surgery was a hysterectomy. The article also discusses the results of treatment of benign forms of trophoblastic disease. Surgical treatment of a malignant trophoblastic tumor before the start of standard chemotherapy was performed according to vital indications or in connection with a tumor determined by imaging methods. And the analysis carried out in Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology showed expected prognoses for patients who underwent surgical treatment prior to the start of standard chemotherapy regimens. Such patients were admitted to the clinic with a resistant or disseminated form of the tumor. During their treatment, high-dose chemotherapy or additional surgical interventions were required, which significantly worsened the prognosis of the disease. In the opposite case, when removing a localized resistant primary tumor or its metastasis, in the postoperative period, chemotherapy was not carried out in connection with marker remission

Combining ability of spring barley varieties in the direct diallel cross system

It is necessary to know the combining ability of starting material for effective breeding to create varieties. The research aim was to determine the peculiarities of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) and the ratio of their variances for awned and awnless varieties and their parental forms in F1. The study was conducted in 2014–2015. Spring barley varieties and their parental forms were used in direct diallel crosses. In 2014–2015, peculiarities of the combining ability of awned and awnless spring barley varieties and their parental forms were determined in F1. We highlighted varieties with strong GCA effects: ‘Badioryy’ for plant productivity; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Vitrazh’ and ‘Maliovnychyy’ for grain number per spike; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Etiket’, ‘Granal’, ‘Modern’, ‘Vitrazh’, and ‘Tolar’ for 1000-grain weight; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Granal’, and ‘Vitrazh’ for spike length; ‘Dzherelo’ and ‘Maliovnychyy’ for spikelet number per spike; ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Badioryy’ and ‘Granal’ for plant height; ‘Zvershennya’ and ‘Badioryy’ for productive tillering; ‘Zvershennya’ and ‘Badioryy’ for total tillering; and ‘Badioryy’ for straw weight. These varieties had the largest numbers of genes that positively determine these traits. The level of combining ability of parental forms may be manifested differently in varieties created via hybridization of them. GCA variances exceeded SCA variances in ‘Zvershennya’ in 2014–2015 for the trait “1000-grain weight” (GCA – 4.20 and 4.03, respectively; SCA – 3.78 and 3.84, respectively), therefore, it is determined mainly by additive gene effects. Strong and weak SCA effects were observed for plant productivity (grain weight) and its structural components (productive tillering, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight). Strong SCA effects were the most numerous for the trait “1000-grain weight.

Towards an Entropy-based Analysis of Log Variability

Rules, decisions, and workflows are intertwined components depicting the overall process. So far imperative workflow modelling languages have played the major role for the description and analysis of business processes. Despite their undoubted efficacy in representing sequential executions, they hide circumstantial information leading to the enactment of activities, and obscure the rationale behind the verification of requirements, dependencies, and goals. This workshop aimed at providing a platform for the discussion and introduction of new ideas related to the development of a holistic approach that encompasses all those aspects. The objective was to extend the reach of the business process management audience towards the decisions and rules community and increase the integration between different imperative, declarative and hybrid modelling perspectives. Out of the high-quality submitted manuscripts, three papers were accepted for publication, with an acceptance rate of 50%. They contributed to foster a fruitful discussion among the participants about the respective impact and the interplay of decision perspective and the process perspective

HERMES: Towards an Integrated Toolbox to Characterize Functional and Effective Brain Connectivity

The analysis of the interdependence between time series has become an important field of research in the last years, mainly as a result of advances in the characterization of dynamical systems from the signals they produce, the introduction of concepts such as generalized and phase synchronization and the application of information theory to time series analysis. In neurophysiology, different analytical tools stemming from these concepts have added to the ‘traditional’ set of linear methods, which includes the cross-correlation and the coherency function in the time and frequency domain, respectively, or more elaborated tools such as Granger Causality. This increase in the number of approaches to tackle the existence of functional (FC) or effective connectivity (EC) between two (or among many) neural networks, along with the mathematical complexity of the corresponding time series analysis tools, makes it desirable to arrange them into a unified-easy-to-use software package. The goal is to allow neuroscientists, neurophysiologists and researchers from related fields to easily access and make use of these analysis methods from a single integrated toolbox. Here we present HERMES (http://hermes.ctb.upm.es), a toolbox for the Matlab® environment (The Mathworks, Inc), which is designed to study functional and effective brain connectivity from neurophysiological data such as multivariate EEG and/or MEG records. It includes also visualization tools and statistical methods to address the problem of multiple comparisons. We believe that this toolbox will be very helpful to all the researchers working in the emerging field of brain connectivity analysis

Life Imprisonment: 25 Years of Criminological and Psychological Research (1993-2018)

Our study of 28 life convicts serving their sentences in special-regime correctional institutions in Altai Krai Federal Department of Corrections show that 70% of them are on the operational record as prone to escape, hostage-taking and suicide; 72% are recognized as persistent violators of the detention regime; only 28% have signs of guilt and remorse (72% admitted partially and did not repent); 88% have a high level of aggressiveness and conflict, and 64% of professional and social skills are unstable, and 4% - not formed at all. While the majority of this people is of 60-65 years, 90% of them have lost social contacts, professional and labor skills. As a rule, these are disadapted individuals in the conditions of new life realities, who have retained their experience of criminal activity and a high degree of social danger, and 70% of them will need social patronage after their release