Study of the functional product’s protein compounds digestion features

The aim of the study was to investigate the transformation of meat product’s proteins from pig hearts and aortas during enzymatic hydrolysis in an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract. The model consisted of three phases simulating digestion processes: “oral cavity” phase (a-amylase, pH 7.0; 2 min), “stomach” phase (pork pepsin, pH 3.0; 120 min), “intestine” phase (pork pancreatin, pH 7.0; 130 min). The product was sequentially subjected to hydrolysis, at the end of each phase, samples were taken to determine the protein concentration (biuret method) and visualize the protein fractions (one-dimensional electrophoresis). A significant increase in protein concentration at the “stomach” phase was revealed by 3.2 times, and the absolute content by 4.6 times. At the “intestine” phase, a decrease in the number of peptide complexes with copper ions by 1.8 times, the absolute protein content by 8.5% was re‑ vealed. The noted tendency was confirmed by electrophoretic studies — at the stage, simulating digestion in the stomach, the prod‑ ucts of meat product’s proteins hydrolysis were visualized; at the “intestine” phase, a low expression of protein fractions in the range of more than 10 kDa is shown. The maximum hydrolysis of protein compounds at the “stomach” phase to poly- and oligopeptides was confirmed, continuing at the “intestine” stage with the accumulation of free amino acids. This methodology makes it possible to visualize the products of hydrolysis of proteins in a meat product at all stages of the model and to monitor changes in protein concentration in the system

Organizational and economic transformations towards the greening of agro-industrial production

The increase in the production of agricultural products and food supplies in excess of regulatory needs and the provision of food safety in Russia led to the expansion of the export of agricultural products and the change in the course of the development of the agro-industrial complex from import substitution to export-oriented production. However, the entry to world food markets requires high quality of products from manufacturers and its certification in accordance with world standards. The article presents the organizational and economic transformations towards the greening of agro-industrial production, namely, the use of the resource potential, the involvement of Russian manufacturers in the production of environmentally friendly products and the development of organic agriculture; the mechanisms for solving the set problems are substantiated.peer-reviewe

Using Mixed Reality Technologies in Education

В статье рассматриваются возможности и особенности использования технологий смешанной реальности в сфере образования на примере проектирования, разработки и внедрения в процесс изучения предмета «Астрономия» интерактивного MR приложения.The article is discussed the possibilities and features of using mixed reality technologies in the field of education. The example of designing, developing and implementing an interactive MR application in the process of studying the subject "Astronomy" is presented

ORGANIZING OF MEASURES FOR PREVENTING THE DELIVERY AND SPREADING OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AT THE TERRITORY OF YAKUTIA

Materials concerning the sanitary protection of the territory of Sakha (Yakutia) from «atypical pneumonia» (SARS) delivery during the epidemic complication in the world are presented in the article. The activity of the region on preventing of SARS delivery by taking of legal and normative documents is shown. Mobilization capacity of the organs and institutions for expanding the measures in case of SARS delivery is reflected, the algorithm of operations is developed

Comparative analysis of local pig breeds in China and Russia

Pork is a favorite type of meat with a large share in the structure of consumption worlwide, including China and Russia. Pork production in China and Russia has been constantly growing over the last years. This type of meat remains to be in high demand due to its sensory properties despite consumer attitude to pork fat content. This review presents the short history of pig farming in China and Russia, as well as the modern trends in the development of this industry. The data on the pork production and consumption in two countries over the last years are compared. Characteristics that consumers consider important when buying pork and negative factors influencing consumer choice are described. Consumer properties of meat products from pork depend on keeping conditions and feeding of animals. Meat composition and functional properties depend greatly on pig breed. Information about pig breeds that are raised in China (depending on a region) and Russia, as well as indicators of productivity of pigs of certain breeds, are presented.Pork is a favorite type of meat with a large share in the structure of consumption worlwide, including China and Russia. Pork production in China and Russia has been constantly growing over the last years. This type of meat remains to be in high demand due to its sensory properties despite consumer attitude to pork fat content. This review presents the short history of pig farming in China and Russia, as well as the modern trends in the development of this industry. The data on the pork production and consumption in two countries over the last years are compared. Characteristics that consumers consider important when buying pork and negative factors influencing consumer choice are described. Consumer properties of meat products from pork depend on keeping conditions and feeding of animals. Meat composition and functional properties depend greatly on pig breed. Information about pig breeds that are raised in China (depending on a region) and Russia, as well as indicators of productivity of pigs of certain breeds, are presented

Brain-Computer Interface Based on Generation of Visual Images

This paper examines the task of recognizing EEG patterns that correspond to performing three mental tasks: relaxation and imagining of two types of pictures: faces and houses. The experiments were performed using two EEG headsets: BrainProducts ActiCap and Emotiv EPOC. The Emotiv headset becomes widely used in consumer BCI application allowing for conducting large-scale EEG experiments in the future. Since classification accuracy significantly exceeded the level of random classification during the first three days of the experiment with EPOC headset, a control experiment was performed on the fourth day using ActiCap. The control experiment has shown that utilization of high-quality research equipment can enhance classification accuracy (up to 68% in some subjects) and that the accuracy is independent of the presence of EEG artifacts related to blinking and eye movement. This study also shows that computationally-inexpensive Bayesian classifier based on covariance matrix analysis yields similar classification accuracy in this problem as a more sophisticated Multi-class Common Spatial Patterns (MCSP) classifier

MOOD 2020: A public Benchmark for Out-of-Distribution Detection and Localization on medical Images

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data is one of the greatest challenges in safe and robust deployment of machine learning algorithms in medicine. When the algorithms encounter cases that deviate from the distribution of the training data, they often produce incorrect and over-confident predictions. OoD detection algorithms aim to catch erroneous predictions in advance by analysing the data distribution and detecting potential instances of failure. Moreover, flagging OoD cases may support human readers in identifying incidental findings. Due to the increased interest in OoD algorithms, benchmarks for different domains have recently been established. In the medical imaging domain, for which reliable predictions are often essential, an open benchmark has been missing. We introduce the Medical-Out-Of-Distribution-Analysis-Challenge (MOOD) as an open, fair, and unbiased benchmark for OoD methods in the medical imaging domain. The analysis of the submitted algorithms shows that performance has a strong positive correlation with the perceived difficulty, and that all algorithms show a high variance for different anomalies, making it yet hard to recommend them for clinical practice. We also see a strong correlation between challenge ranking and performance on a simple toy test set, indicating that this might be a valuable addition as a proxy dataset during anomaly detection algorithm development

ATP from synaptic terminals and astrocytes regulates NMDA receptors and synaptic plasticity through PSD-95 multi-protein complex

Recent studies highlighted the importance of astrocyte-secreted molecules, such as ATP, for the slow modulation of synaptic transmission in central neurones. Biophysical mechanisms underlying the impact of gliotransmitters on the strength of individual synapse remain, however, unclear. Here we show that purinergic P2X receptors can bring significant contribution to the signalling in the individual synaptic boutons. ATP released from astrocytes facilitates a recruitment of P2X receptors into excitatory synapses by Ca2+-dependent mechanism. P2X receptors, co-localized with NMDA receptors in the excitatory synapses, can be activated by ATP co-released with glutamate from pre-synaptic terminals and by glia-derived ATP. An activation of P2X receptors in turn leads to down-regulation of postsynaptic NMDA receptors via Ca2+-dependent de-phosphorylation and interaction with PSD-95 multi-protein complex. Genetic deletion of the PSD-95 or P2X4 receptors obliterated ATP-mediated down-regulation of NMDA receptors. Impairment of purinergic modulation of NMDA receptors in the PSD-95 mutants dramatically decreased the threshold of LTP induction and increased the net magnitude of LTP. Our findings show that synergistic action of glia- and neurone-derived ATP can pre-modulate efficacy of excitatory synapses and thereby can have an important role in the glia-neuron communications and brain meta-plasticity