3,410 research outputs found
Importance of tetrahedral coordination for high-valent transition metal oxides: YCrO as a model system
We have investigated the electronic structure of the high oxidation state
material YCrO within the framework of the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen phase
diagram. While Cr-based compounds like SrCrO/CaCrO and CrO
can be classified as small-gap or metallic negative-charge-transfer systems, we
find using photoelectron spectroscopy that YCrO is a robust insulator
despite the fact that its Cr ions have an even higher formal valence state of
5+. We reveal using band structure calculations that the tetrahedral
coordination of the Cr ions in YCrO plays a decisive role, namely to
diminish the bonding of the Cr states with the top of the O valence
band. This finding not only explains why the charge-transfer energy remains
effectively positive and the material stable, but also opens up a new route to
create doped carriers with symmetries different from those of other
transition-metal ions.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Revisiting the Training of Logic Models of Protein Signaling Networks with a Formal Approach based on Answer Set Programming
A fundamental question in systems biology is the construction and training to
data of mathematical models. Logic formalisms have become very popular to model
signaling networks because their simplicity allows us to model large systems
encompassing hundreds of proteins. An approach to train (Boolean) logic models
to high-throughput phospho-proteomics data was recently introduced and solved
using optimization heuristics based on stochastic methods. Here we demonstrate
how this problem can be solved using Answer Set Programming (ASP), a
declarative problem solving paradigm, in which a problem is encoded as a
logical program such that its answer sets represent solutions to the problem.
ASP has significant improvements over heuristic methods in terms of efficiency
and scalability, it guarantees global optimality of solutions as well as
provides a complete set of solutions. We illustrate the application of ASP with
in silico cases based on realistic networks and data
Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle: a rare anatomical variation
We report a case of bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle (PLM). The muscle
was tendinous in its upper portion and muscular in its lower portion in both
arms. This rare variation has been mentioned only once in the literature as
a surgical finding. According to the literature, a reversed PLM may cause a compartment syndrome in the wrist area, carpal tunnel, and Guyon’s syndrome.
The described variation is also useful to the hand surgeon as a tendon graft,
a tendon for transfer, or as an anatomical landmark for operations at this area
A Characterization of the ALMA Phasing System at 345 GHz
The development of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
phasing system (APS) has allowed ALMA to function as an extraordinarily
sensitive station for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at frequencies
of up to 230 GHz (~1.3 mm). Efforts are now underway to extend use of the APS
to 345 GHz (~0.87 mm). Here we report a characterization of APS performance at
345 GHz based on a series of tests carried out between 2015-2021, including a
successful global VLBI test campaign conducted in 2018 October in collaboration
with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in PAS
A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae)
The genus Santolina (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) includes 26 species of aromatic evergreen shrubs endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin. Santolina is widely used as ornamental plant, in xerigardening, and in ethnobotany. The Santolina chamaecyparissus complex, including about half of the known species diversity, has been properly investigated on systematic and taxonomic grounds only recently, and a complete morphometric study is still missing. Here we provide a morphometric characterization and comparison of all the 14 species of this complex, using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results suggest that species of this complex can be distinguished using combinations of quantitative and qualitative character-states, mostly related to the leaf morphology. The analysis of S. villosa, a tetraploid/hexaploid Spanish endemic, showed that the two cytotypes cannot be safely identified based on morphology. Coupling this evidence with available phylogenetic information, we conclude that there is no reason to split the two cytotypes of S. villosa in two distinct taxa. An identification key for all the species of the complex is presented
Inhomogeneous electronic structure probed by spin-echo experiments in the electron doped high-Tc superconductor Pr_{1.85}Ce_{0.15}CuO_{4-y}
63Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-echo decay rate (T_2^{-1})
measurements are reported for the normal and superconducting states of a single
crystal of Pr_{1.85}Ce_{0.15}CuO_{4-y} (PCCO) in a magnetic field B_0=9T over
the temperature range 2K<T<200K. The spin-echo decay rate is
temperature-dependent for T<55K, and has a substantial dependence on the radio
frequency (rf) pulse parameters below T~25K. This dependence indicates that
T_2^{-1} is strongly effected by a local magnetic field distribution that can
be modified by the rf pulses, including ones that are not at the nuclear Larmor
frequency. The low-temperature results are consistent with the formation of a
static inhomogeneous electronic structure that couples to the rf fields of the
pulses.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Beam heat load analysis with COLDDIAG: a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics
The knowledge of the heat intake from the electron beam is essential to design the cryogenic layout of superconducting insertion devices. With the aim of measuring the beam heat load to a cold bore and understanding the responsible mechanisms, a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics (COLDDIAG) has been built. The instrumentation comprises temperature sensors, pressure gauges, mass spectrometers and retarding field analyzers, which allow to study the beam heat load and the influence of the cryosorbed gas layer. COLDDIAG was installed in the storage ring of the Diamond Light Source from September 2012 to August 2013. During this time measurements were performed for a wide range of machine conditions, employing the various measuring capabilities of the device. Here we report on the analysis of the measured beam heat load, pressure and gas content, as well as the low energy charged particle flux and
spectrum as a function of the electron beam parameters
P16-37. HIV controllers with weak CD8+ T cell responses maintain a tight control of infection despite carrying infectious viruses
International audienc
Harvest index, a parameter conditioning responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated CO2
The expansion of the worldâs population requires the development of high production agriculture. For this purpose, it is essential to identify target points conditioning crop responsiveness to predicted [CO2]. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of ear sink strength in leaf protein and metabolomic profiles and its implications in photosynthetic activity and yield of durum wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO2]. For this purpose, a genotype with high harvest index (HI) (Triticum durum var. Sula) and another with low HI (Triticum durum var. Blanqueta) were exposed to elevated [CO2] (700 ”mol molâ1 versus 400 ”mol molâ1 CO2) in CO2 greenhouses. The obtained data highlighted that elevated [CO2] only increased plant growth in the genotype with the largest HI; Sula. Gas exchange analyses revealed that although exposure to 700 ”mol molâ1 depleted Rubisco content, Sula was capable of increasing the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation (Asat) whereas, in Blanqueta, the carbohydrate imbalance induced the down-regulation of Asat. The specific depletion of Rubisco in both genotypes under elevated [CO2], together with the enhancement of other proteins in the Calvin cycle, revealed that there was a redistribution of N from Rubisco towards RuBP regeneration. Moreover, the down-regulation of N, NO3 â, amino acid, and organic acid content, together with the depletion of proteins involved in amino acid synthesis that was detected in Blanqueta grown at 700 ”mol molâ1 CO2, revealed that inhibition of N assimilation was involved in the carbohydrate imbalance and consequently with the down-regulation of photosynthesis and growth in these plants
Comparing Signaling Networks between Normal and Transformed Hepatocytes Using Discrete Logical Models
Substantial effort in recent years has been devoted to constructing and analyzing large-scale gene and protein networks on the basis of âomicâ data and literature mining. These interaction graphs provide valuable insight into the topologies of complex biological networks but are rarely context specific and cannot be used to predict the responses of cell signaling proteins to specific ligands or drugs. Conversely, traditional approaches to analyzing cell signaling are narrow in scope and cannot easily make use of network-level data. Here, we combine network analysis and functional experimentation by using a hybrid approach in which graphs are converted into simple mathematical models that can be trained against biochemical data. Specifically, we created Boolean logic models of immediate-early signaling in liver cells by training a literature-based prior knowledge network against biochemical data obtained from primary human hepatocytes and 4 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines exposed to combinations of cytokines and small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Distinct families of models were recovered for each cell type, and these families clustered topologically into normal and diseased sets.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM68762)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant CA112967
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