The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

Forests across the world stand at a crossroads where climate and land-use changes are shaping their future. Despite demonstrations of political will and global efforts, forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation continue unabated. No clear evidence exists to suggest that these initiatives are working. A key reason for this apparent ineffectiveness could lie in the failure to recognize the agency of all stakeholders involved. Landscapes do not happen. We shape them. Forest transitions are social and behavioral before they are ecological. Decision makers need to integrate better representations of people’s agency in their mental models. A possible pathway to overcome this barrier involves eliciting mental models behind policy decisions to allow better representation of human agency, changing perspectives to better understand divergent points of view, and refining strategies through explicit theories of change. Games can help decision makers in all of these tasks

The Global Forest Transition as a Human Affair

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Gestion de la faune dans les concessions forestières en Afrique centrale

Les concessions forestières sont, au même titre que les autres espaces forestiers, des espaces multifonctionnels. Ces concessions, dont l'objectif principal est l'exploitation du bois d'oeuvre, sont des espaces sur lesquels différents usages coexistent. Les terroirs communautaires de chasse se superposent en partie à celles-ci. Il est donc possible d'envisager des formes de gestion multiusages au sein des concessions forestières. Les plans de gestion de la faune, élaborés conjointement avec les usagers locaux dans certaines concessions, prévoient un certain nombre de règles visant à la durabilité de l'exploitation des ressources fauniques. Ces plans reconnaissent des maîtrises spatialisées au profit de groupes communautaires autorisés. Le respect de tels plans, par les communautés, pourrait être renforcé en faisant évoluer les mécanismes de partage des bénéfices, issus de l'exploitation du bois d'oeuvre, vers une logique de paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE), c'est-à-dire en conditionnant les versements annuels issus des volumes de bois exploités au respect de certains accords portant sur la gestion ou la conservation des ressources au sein des terroirs communautaires. ( Résumé d'auteur

Estimating second order characteristics of point processes with known independent noise

International audienceThe analysis of point patterns often begins with a test of complete spatial randomness using summaries such as the emptyspace function F or the nearest neighbour distance distribution function G. These functions constitute basic summaries upon which many studies are based, depending on their shape. As the map of points is usually considered accurate, Monte Carlo tests are performed on the observed pattern without taking into account position errors. However, position errors usually occur during the mapping process. The aim of this article is to quantify the impact of measurement error on descriptive distance statistics and to integrate these errors in the non-parametric analysis. An application to tropical forest species is presented

Integrated sensor and electronic circuits in fully depleted SOI technology for high-temperature applications

The electrical characteristics of devices and circuits realized in CMOS technology on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates and operated at elevated temperatures are presented and compared with results obtained using other materials (bulk Si, GaAs, SiC). It is demonstrated that fully depleted CMOS on SOI is the most suitable process for the realization of complex electronic circuits to be operated in high-temperature environments, up to more than 300 degreesC