Post-fracture behavior of laminated plates after human impact test

For safety barriers the load bearing capacity of the glass when subjected to the soft body impact should be verified. The soft body pendulum test became a testing standard to classify safety glass plates. The classification of the safety glass do not consider the structural behavior when one sheet of a laminated glass is broken; in situations when the replacement of the plate could not be very urgent, structural behavior should be evaluated. The main objective of this paper is to present the structural behavior o laminated glass plates, though modal test and human impact test, including the post fracture behavior for the laminated cases. A god reproducibility and repeatability is obtained. Two main aspects of the structural behavior can be observed: the increment of the rupture load for laminated plates after the failure of the first sheet, and some similarities with a tempered monolithic behavior of equivalent thickness

Diferencias en la distribución de las variantes de hemoglobina según las regiones geográficas en una población colombiana

Introducción Colombia ha estado Introducción Colombia ha estado sometida a intensas corrientes genéticas y culturales debido a su ubicación geográfica. Las hemoglobinopatías son las enfermedades recesivas más frecuentes en todo el mundo y representan un importante problema de salud pública, según la región y la ascendencia de cada país. Objetivos Evaluar la frecuencia de variantes de hemoglobina según la región geográfica en un grupo poblacional ajustado por sexo y edad en Colombia. Métodos Fue un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de variantes de hemoglobina realizado por electroforesis en pacientes atendidos y/o remitidos a instituciones de atención especializada en Bogotá, Colombia entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2020. Resultados Se analizaron 2.224 resultados, 48,4% hombres y 51,5% mujeres; 63,3% de los pacientes fueron sin alteraciones, 14,3% presentaron talasemia, 17,3%, HbS, 2,3%, HbS/C, 1,8%, HbC, 0,5%, HbE y 0,5% HbF persistente, siendo la HbS más prevalente en hombres (p = 0,005). Al evaluar las regiones geográficas de Colombia, se encontró una mayor prevalencia de HbS en las regiones Pacífica (p = 0,005) y Caribe, mientras que la Talasemia y la HbS fueron más prevalentes en las regiones Andina y Orinoquia, y fue raro encontrar alguna hemoglobinopatía (p = 0,0001) en la región Amazónica. Conclusiones Las principales hemoglobinopatías encontradas en Colombia son la HbS, predominantemente en varones, y la Talasemia. La distribución de las hemoglobinopatías en las diferentes regiones geográficas de Colombia está influenciada por la ancestralidad.Sujeta a intensas corrientes genéticas y culturales debido a su ubicación geográfica. Las hemoglobinopatías son las enfermedades recesivas más frecuentes a nivel mundial y representan un importante problema de salud pública, según la región y la ancestralidad de cada país. Objetivos Evaluar la frecuencia de variantes de hemoglobina según la región geográfica en un grupo poblacional ajustado por sexo y edad en Colombia. Métodos Fue un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de variantes de hemoglobina realizado por electroforesis en pacientes atendidos y/o remitidos a instituciones de atención especializada en Bogotá, Colombia entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2020. Resultados Se analizaron 2.224 resultados, 48,4% hombres y 51,5% mujeres; 63,3% de los pacientes fueron sin alteraciones, 14,3% presentaron talasemia, 17,3%, HbS, 2,3%, HbS/C, 1,8%, HbC, 0,5%, HbE y 0,5% HbF persistente, siendo la HbS más prevalente en hombres (p = 0,005). Al evaluar las regiones geográficas de Colombia, se encontró una mayor prevalencia de HbS en las regiones Pacífica (p = 0,005) y Caribe, mientras que la Talasemia y la HbS fueron más prevalentes en las regiones Andina y Orinoquia, y fue raro encontrar alguna hemoglobinopatía (p = 0,0001) en la región Amazónica. Conclusiones Las principales hemoglobinopatías encontradas en Colombia son la HbS, predominantemente en varones, y la Talasemia. La distribución de las hemoglobinopatías en las diferentes regiones geográficas de Colombia está influenciada por la ascendencia.Introduction Colombia has been Introduction Colombia has been subject to intense genetic and cultural currents due to its geographical location. Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases found worldwide and represent an important public health problem, according to the region and ancestry of each country. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of hemoglobin variants according to the geographical region in a population group adjusted to sex and age in Colombia. Methods This was a descriptive retrospective study of hemoglobin variants performed by electrophoresis in patients treated at and/or referred to specialized care institutions in Bogota, Colombia between January 2009 and December 2020. Results A total of 2,224 results were analyzed, 48.4% male and 51.5% female; 63.3% of patients were without alterations, 14.3% presented with thalassemia, 17.3%, HbS, 2.3%, HbS/C, 1.8%, HbC, 0.5%, HbE and 0.5% persistent HbF, with HbS being more prevalent in males (p = 0.005). When assessing the geographical regions of Colombia, a higher prevalence of HbS was found in the Pacific (p = 0.005) and Caribbean regions, while Thalassemia and HbS were more prevalent in the Andean and Orinoquia regions, and it was rare to find any hemoglobinopathies (p = 0.0001) in the Amazonian region. Conclusions The main hemoglobinopathies found in Colombia are HbS, predominantly in males, and Thalassemia. The distribution of hemoglobinopathies in different geographical regions of Colombia is influenced by ancestry.subject to intense genetic and cultural currents due to its geographical location. Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases found worldwide and represent an important public health problem, according to the region and ancestry of each country. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of hemoglobin variants according to the geographical region in a population group adjusted to sex and age in Colombia. Methods This was a descriptive retrospective study of hemoglobin variants performed by electrophoresis in patients treated at and/or referred to specialized care institutions in Bogota, Colombia between January 2009 and December 2020. Results A total of 2,224 results were analyzed, 48.4% male and 51.5% female; 63.3% of patients were without alterations, 14.3% presented with thalassemia, 17.3%, HbS, 2.3%, HbS/C, 1.8%, HbC, 0.5%, HbE and 0.5% persistent HbF, with HbS being more prevalent in males (p = 0.005). When assessing the geographical regions of Colombia, a higher prevalence of HbS was found in the Pacific (p = 0.005) and Caribbean regions, while Thalassemia and HbS were more prevalent in the Andean and Orinoquia regions, and it was rare to find any hemoglobinopathies (p = 0.0001) in the Amazonian region. Conclusions The main hemoglobinopathies found in Colombia are HbS, predominantly in males, and Thalassemia. The distribution of hemoglobinopathies in different geographical regions of Colombia is influenced by ancestry

Rasgo Drepanocítico, Manifestaciones Clínicas y Resultados: Un Estudio Transversal en Colombia: Tasa creciente de sujetos sintomáticos que viven a gran altitud

Resumen.Antecedentes:El rasgo drepanocítico (TCE) es un trastorno sanguíneo autosómico recesivo en el que los pacientes son portadores heterocigotos de hemoglobina S (HbAS) y suelen ser asintomáticos. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados asociados al TCS. Métodos: Este fue un estudio descriptivo, transversal que incluyó pacientes con SCT desde 2014 hasta 2020 en el Hospital Militar Central, el centro de referencia de las Fuerzas Militares en Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados: De 647 electroforesis de hemoglobina analizadas, se identificaron 51 pacientes con SCT, incluyendo 43 hombres (84,3%) y ocho mujeres (15,7%), con una mediana de edad de 22 años (IQR 15-36 años). De ellos, 28 (54,8%) eran afrocolombianos, 23 (45,1%) mestizos colombianos y 31/51 (60,8%) de los pacientes eran militares activos. Veinticuatro pacientes (47,1%) fueron asintomáticos, y Veintisiete pacientes (52,9%) fueron sintomáticos (complicaciones sistémicas); La mayoría de los pacientes que presentaron síntomas eran militares activos de las fuerzas militares colombianas. Las complicaciones esplénicas fueron las más importantes (85,2%), p=0,0005, y hubo un amplio espectro de complicaciones esplénicas. Además, se encontraron elevaciones significativas de leucocitos, bilirrubina, LDH y PCR. Dieciocho pacientes (66,7%) recibieron tratamiento médico, cinco (18,5%) requirieron esplenectomía y sólo el 5,9% de los pacientes fueron enviados a consejo genético.Conclusiones: El personal militar es una población con alto riesgo de desarrollar síntomas, y las complicaciones esplénicas fueron las más relevantes en los pacientes sintomáticos. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron tratamiento médico, y el 18,5% de los pacientes requirieron esplenectomía. Nuestros resultados reflejan la ausencia de redirección de estos pacientes a consejo genéticoAbstract.Background:Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder in which patients are heterozygous carriers for hemoglobin S (HbAS) and are usually asymptomatic. We performed a descriptive analysis of clinical manifestations and outcomes associated with SCT. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that included patients with SCT from 2014 to 2020 at Hospital Militar Central, the reference center of the Military forces in Bogota, Colombia. Results: Of 647 hemoglobin electrophoresis analyzed, we identified 51 patients with SCT, including 43 males (84.3%) and eight females (15.7%), with a median age of 22 years (IQR 15–36 years). Of these, 28 (54.8%) were Afro-Colombian, 23 (45.1%) were Colombian mestizos, and 31/51 (60.8%) of patients were active military members. Twenty-four patients (47.1%) were asymptomatic, and Twenty-seven patients (52.9%) were symptomatic (systemic complications); Most of the patients who presented symptoms were active military members of the Colombian military forces. Splenic complications were the most important (85.2%), p=0.0005, and there was a wide spectrum of splenic complications. In addition, we found significant elevations in leukocytes, bilirubin, LDH, and CRP. Eighteen patients (66.7%) received medical management, five (18.5%) required splenectomy, and only 5.9% of patients were sent for genetic counseling.Conclusions: Military Personnel isa population with a high risk of developing symptoms, and splenic complications were the most relevant in symptomatic patients. Most patients received medical treatment, and 18.5% of patients required splenectomy. Our results reflect the absence of redirection of these patients to genetic counseling

Study of the release of limonene present in chitosan films enriched with bergamot oil in food simulants

[EN] Chitosan films containing different concentrations of bergamot oil (BO) were obtained and the migration of limonene, the major oil component, to five liquid food simulants (aqueous solutions with 0%, 10%, 50% and 95% of ethanol and isooctane) was studied at 20 degrees C. The losses of BO and limonene during the film drying were also quantified. The release kinetics of limonene from chitosan matrix was described using an empirical model which relates the reduced concentration loss of limonene and the square root of time. The results show that kinetic constants for all films increased exponentially when the ethanol concentration increased in the aqueous system and were slightly greater when the film thickness was lower. Composite films remain intact in isooctane CH-BO and no release of limonene was observed. Hydration of the film to promote molecular mobility was essential to ensure the compound release. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The author L. Sanchez-Gonzalez thanks the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) for a FPU Grant (AP2006-026).Sánchez González, L.; Cháfer Nácher, MT.; González Martínez, MC.; Chiralt, A.; Desobry, S. (2011). Study of the release of limonene present in chitosan films enriched with bergamot oil in food simulants. Journal of Food Engineering. 105(1):138-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.016S138143105

Physical and antioxidant properties of chitosan and methylcellulose based films containing resveratrol

[EN] New trends in edible films focus on the improvement of their functionality through the incorporation of active compounds, such as antimicrobial or antioxidant agents. Resveratrol is a natural antioxidant found in a variety of plant species, such as grapes, and could be used for minimizing or preventing lipid oxidation in food products, retarding the formation of oxidation products, maintaining nutritional quality and prolonging the food shelf life. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize two different polymeric composite films (made with chitosan (CH) and methylcellulose (MC)) containing different amounts of resveratrol. This compound could be incorporated efficiently into both films, but provoke structural changes in the matrices, which became less stretchable (65-70% reduction of deformation at break at the greatest resveratrol content) and resistant to fracture (26 and 54% reduction of tensile at break for MC and CH, respectively, at the greatest resveratrol content) more opaque (significant reduction of the internal transmittance) and less glossy (about 60-65% reduction of gloss at the greatest resveratrol content). Film barrier properties were hardly improved by the presence of resveratrol; water vapour and oxygen permeability tend to slightly decrease when resveratrol was incorporated into both polymers. Composite films showed antioxidant activity, which was proportional to the resveratrol concentration in the film. None of the films showed antimicrobial activity against Penicillium italicum and Botrytis cinerea. Thus, these films could be applied to food products which are sensitive to oxidative processes to prolong their shelf life. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación throughout the project AGL2010-20694.Pastor Navarro, C.; Sánchez González, L.; Chiralt, A.; Cháfer Nácher, MT.; González Martínez, MC. (2013). Physical and antioxidant properties of chitosan and methylcellulose based films containing resveratrol. Food Hydrocolloids. 30(1):272-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.05.026S27228030

Tossal de la Vila (la Serra d’en Galceran, Castellón). Un asentamiento en la transición del Bronce Final al Hierro Antiguo. Primeros resultados de las campañas 2012-2014

Se presentan los primeros resultados de las excavaciones efectuadas en el asentamiento del Tossal de la Vila. En el yacimiento se han localizado ocupaciones pertenecientes a los siglos VIII y principios del VII ANE, cuya finalización van asociadas a un incendio, lo que ha permitido recuperar un registro material notable. Posteriormente, en el siglo X de la Era se establece sobre los restos antiguos un emplazamiento militar de época islámica, que afecta desigualmente los restos anteriores. En este trabajo se presentan los primeros datos sobre la ocupación del Bronce Final-Hierro Antiguo.We present the results of excavations carried out in the Tossal de la Vila settlement. At the site, we have identified human occupations of the VIII century and the beginning of the VII BC, finished by fire, which has permitted the recovery of a notable inventory of archaeological material. Later, in the tenth century, an Islamic military emplacement was established over the ancient remains. In this work, we present the first results about the first occupation of the final of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the old-iron age

Psoriasis vulgaris: Relationship between oral and periodontal conditions and disease severity

Psoriasis is distributed across the world with a prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 4.6% [1, 2]. This condition has been associated with other diseases, or comorbidities, such as oral cavity involvement, including oral lesions and periodontal disease, thus reaffirming that this is a systemic disease [3, 4]. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease which is characterized by the exaggerated proliferation of keratinocytes as a result of immune system activation through T lymphocytes in focal cutaneous areas [5, 6]. In most cases of psoriasis, oral lesions are associated with the presence of geographic and fissured tongue, although data show an increased frequency of associations with generalized pustular psoriasis [7]. It has been estimated that the actual prevalence of fissured tongue and geographic tongue is 6 - 33% and 1-18%, respectively, suggesting that these might represent different expressions of the same disease [7]. However, there is no consensus of the clinical description of what could be considered an oral psoriatic lesion, oral evaluation, or examination, is not a regular procedure in patients with psoriasis [7, 8]. Oral lesions are generally asymptomatic, although there might be tongue swelling and pain when deep fissures are formed [7, 8]. Furthermore, bad tongue hygiene can cause halitosis and tissue swelling due to the accumulation of food residues in fissures, thus causing burning and stinging, especially after contact. However, this association is debatable because it is not known if such oral manifestations are a symptom of disease severity or represent an expression of the disease itself [8]. On the other hand, periodontal disease is marked by an exaggerated response of the immune system to oral microbiota, making it a chronic inflammatory disease which is mediated immunologically, in which immune cells cause inflammation and cellular destruction [9]. Although the two pathologies are similar from the immunological aspect, some characteristics still render them separate diseases and there is no real association known between them [10, 11]. New research has shown that both psoriasis and periodontal disease have both experienced increased prevalence worldwide, and have been associated with other diseases and comorbidities, thus reconfirming that these are, indeed, systemic diseases [12, 13]. There are no existing reports in the published literature which describe the prevalence and frequency of psoriasis and periodontal disease in Colombia. We considered that it was very important for such clinical data to be available because we believe that appropriate examinations should be carried out on all patients with psoriasis, who may have multiple associated comorbidities. We also believe that such examinations should be performed on a regular basis. Furthermore, it is not yet known if the diagnosis of oral psoriasis should be made when lesions in the oral cavity present by themselves, or only at the same time as skin symptoms develop. Consequently, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between periodontal diagnosis, microbiological components, the presence of IgG against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and the clinical manifestations of psoriasis

Pathogenic strains of Shewanella putrefaciens contain plasmids that are absent in the probiotic strain Pdp11

Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 is a strain described as a probiotic for use in aquaculture. However, S. putrefaciens includes strains reported to be pathogenic or saprophytic to fish. Although the probiotic trait has been related to the presence of a group of genes in its genome, the existence of plasmids that could determine the probiotic or pathogenic character of this bacterium is unknown. In the present work, we searched for plasmids in several strains of S. putrefaciens that differ in their pathogenic and probiotic character. Under the different conditions tested, plasmids were only found in two of the five pathogenic strains, but not in the probiotic strain nor in the two saprophytic strains tested. Using a workflow integrating Sanger and Illumina reads, the complete consensus sequences of the plasmids were obtained. Plasmids differed in one ORF and encoded a putative replication initiator protein of the repB family, as well as proteins related to plasmid stability and a toxin-antitoxin system. Phylogenetic analysis showed some similarity to functional repB proteins of other Shewanella species. The implication of these plasmids in the probiotic or pathogenic nature of S. putrefaciens is discussed

Is the treatment with biological or non-biological DMARDS a modifier of periodontal condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Background and objective: Experimental models suggest the use of different therapy protocols in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as modulators on periodontal condition. This study evaluated the effects of conventional drug treatment and anti-TNF therapy in patients with RA on microbiological and periodontal condition, establishing the association of markers of periodontal infection with indexes of rheumatic activity. Materials and methods: One hundred seventy nine individuals with RA were evaluated (62 with anti-TNF-. and 115 with only DMARDs). The periodontal evaluation included plaque and gingival indexes, bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples for microbiological analysis. Rheumatologic evaluations included a clinical examination, rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies against cyclic-citrullinated peptides (ACPAs), and activity markers (DAS28-ERS), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results: Anti-TNF-alpha therapy influenced periodontal microbiota with a higher frequency of T. denticola (p=0.01). Methotrexate combined with leflunomide exhibited a higher extension of CAL (p=0.005), and anti-TNF-alpha therapy with methotrexate was associated with a lower extension of CAL (p=0.05). The use of corticosteroids exerted a protective effect on the number of teeth (p=0.027). The type of DMARD affected P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and E. nodatum presence. Elevated ACPAs titers were associated with the presence of red complex periodontal pathogens (p=0.025). Bleeding on probing was associated with elevated CPR levels (p=0.05), and ESR was associated with a greater PD (p=0.044) and presence of red complex (p=0.030). Conclusion: Different pharmacological treatments for RA affect the clinical condition and subgingival microbiota

Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization

Among the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites MAPbX3 (MA: methyl-ammonium CH3–NH3+, X = halogen), the triiodide specimen (MAPbI3) is still the material of choice for solar energy applications. Although it is able to absorb light above its 1.6 eV bandgap, its poor stability in humid air atmosphere has been a major drawback for its use in solar cells. However, we discovered that this perovskite can be prepared by ball milling in a straightforward way, yielding specimens with a superior stability. This fact allowed us to take atomic-resolution STEM images for the first time, with sufficient quality to unveil microscopic aspects of this material. We demonstrated full Iodine content, which might be related to the enhanced stability, in a more compact PbI6 framework with reduced unit-cell volume. A structural investigation from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data of an undeuterated specimen was essential to determine the configuration of the organic MA unit in the 100–298 K temperature range. A phase transition is identified, from the tetragonal structure observed at RT (space group I4/mcm) to an orthorhombic (space group Pnma) phase where the methyl-ammonium organic units are fully localized. Our NPD data reveal that the MA changes are gradual and start before reaching the phase transition. Optoelectronic measurements yield a photocurrent peak at an illumination wavelength of 820 nm, which is redshifted by 30 nm with respect to previously reported measurements on MAPbI3 perovskites synthesized by crystallization from organic solvents.Fil: Lopez, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Área Química General e Inorgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Abia, Carmen. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; España. Institut Laue Langevin; FranciaFil: Rodrigues, Joao E.. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Serrano Sánchez, Federico. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Nemes, Norbert M.. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Martínez, José L.. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Fernandez Díaz, María T.. Institut Laue Langevin; FranciaFil: Biškup, Neven. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Alvarez Galván, Consuelo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Carrascoso, Felix. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Castellanos Gomez, Andres. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; EspañaFil: Alonso, José A.. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid; Españ