Половые отличия пула свободных аминокислот-нейромедиаторов у крыс Крушинского-Молодкиной

The study of the role of neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is one of the priorities of epileptology. New data on the functions of free neurotransmitter-like amino acid in the central nervous system are of the greatest importance and determine the prospects for the development of novel effective anticonvulsants. It is widely believed in clinical medicine that epilepsy has distinct gender characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the gender peculiarities in the content of neurotransmitter amino acids in the brain of Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats, which were used as model organisms for the study of genetically induced audiogenic epilepsy. The content of Asp, Glu, GABA, Gly, and Tau of the medulla oblongata, hippocampus and cerebral cortex were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in intact KM rats, KM rats exposed to a series of epileptiform seizures, and Wistar rats (control group). Both the Wistar and KM rats had gender distinctions in the distribution of free amino acids among the investigated brain parts. The audiogenic epilepsy was characterized by smoothing gender differences as well as differences between the concentrations of free amino acids in the cortex and medulla oblongata, specific for Wistar rats. The changes observed in male rats after the set of seizures included the increase in GABA concentration and a decrease in the Gly level in all investigated brain parts, as well as the decrease of the Tau content in the cortex and hippocampus. At the same time, the Glu content in cortex increased, while the Asp level decreased. After 6 days of audiogenic stimulations the female KM rats demonstrated the increase in the Glu level in all investigated brain parts, the increase in Gly and Asp levels in hippocampus, and no changes in the GABA content. Thus, after the set of epileptiform seizures the KM rats achieved a new steady state of the studied amino acids pool, which differed in males and females. In this case, gender differences significantly changed after the seizures. © 2020 Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the IIF UB RAS (Registration number AAAA-A18-118020590108-7)

Characteristics and clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease in acute period of ischemic stroke

Aim. To characterize magnetic-resonance imaging manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease in patients in acute period of ischemic stroke and to study their clinical significance. Methods. 56 patients in acute period of ischemic stroke and 10 subjects without stroke and cognitive impairment were examined. Magnetic-resonance tomography of the brain was performed to all patients and healthy subjects to assess the quantity of lacunes, perivascular spaces, leukoaraiosis and cerebral microbleeds. Based on analysis of 4 neurovisual markers of cerebral small vessel disease, an integral scale was developed. The obtained results were evaluated in association with a wide spectrum of clinical data. Results. Patients in acute period of ischemic stroke are characterized by higher quantitative expression of certain markers of cerebral small vessel disease in comparison with healthy age-matched subjects. A correlation between neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease and patients` age, severity and etiology of the stroke was observed. Total expression of cerebral small vessel disease, assessed using the integral score turned out to be higher in the group of stroke than in healthy elderly persons. High rates of certain markers of cerebral small vessel disease and integral scale score are associated with low mobility of patients, neurological deficiency and dependence in daily activities on discharge. Conclusion. In patients in acute period of ischemic stroke, higher expression of certain markers of cerebral small vessel disease and their total evidence were revealed in comparison with healthy people; total indicator of cerebral small vessel disease expression is associated with neurological and functional outcome of acute period of stroke

Efficacy Evaluation of Combination Therapy in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis According to the Index Estimation of Periodontal Status: Experimental Randomized Single-Arm Study

Background. Treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases represent a serious general medical and social problem, which remains relevant due to the significant prevalence of periodontitis among the population, as well as the associated loss of teeth and the negative impact of periodontal foci of infection on the body as a whole. Chronic generalized periodontitis is difficult to treat: it is only possible to achieve periods of remission. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical importance to develop further ways to improve methods for treating inflammatory-dystrophic damage of periodontal tissues in chronic generalized periodontitis.Objective. To perform an index estimation of treatment efficacy in patients with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis.Methods. An experimental randomized single-arm study was conducted examining 204 patients diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patient examination and data analysis were carried out at the Dentistry Department of the Stavropol State Medical University and the Department for General Practice Dentistry of the Kuban State Medical University in 2021–2022. The study included patients aged 35 to 65 years diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patients with somatic diseases in the decompensation stage were not eligible for the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (closed-envelope method). Group 1 was treated using conventional methods. As well as conventional therapy, Group 2 was prescribed vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day while monitoring vitamin D blood level). The third group of patients was prescribed conventional therapy along with the developed pharmacotherapy, which included vitamin D (Aquadetrim® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day), vitamin A (3.44% oil solution of retinol acetate at a dose of 50 000 IU, 15 min after a morning meal), and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Mexidol® at a dose of 125 mg twice a day). In each patient, the treatment efficacy was analyzed in adjacent oral cavity segments (split-mouth design) according to clinical pocket depth, attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Also, the authors used the X-ray index to assess the condition of osseous structures and the simplified oral hygiene index. The specified indices were estimated prior to treatment and at one and 12 months following treatment. The statistical analysis of study results was performed using Excel Microsoft Office 2016 (Microsoft, USA).Results. The obtained data indicate that the immediate clinical outcomes (after one month) of combination therapy in patients from all three groups were approximately the same. However, the efficacy of treatment measures in the long-term period (12 months) was different, as evidenced by the dynamics of index values. Only in Group 3 patients, the full implementation of pharmacotherapeutic measures as part of the combination therapy of periodontitis ensured a stable therapeutic effect throughout the entire period of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained 12 months following treatment indicate that the additional prescription of the developed pharmacotherapy contributed to prompt inflammation relief in periodontal tissues, providing a stable treatment outcome and long-term remission

Skyrmion Hall Effect Revealed by Direct Time-Resolved X-Ray Microscopy

Magnetic skyrmions are highly promising candidates for future spintronic applications such as skyrmion racetrack memories and logic devices. They exhibit exotic and complex dynamics governed by topology and are less influenced by defects, such as edge roughness, than conventionally used domain walls. In particular, their finite topological charge leads to a predicted "skyrmion Hall effect", in which current-driven skyrmions acquire a transverse velocity component analogous to charged particles in the conventional Hall effect. Here, we present nanoscale pump-probe imaging that for the first time reveals the real-time dynamics of skyrmions driven by current-induced spin orbit torque (SOT). We find that skyrmions move at a well-defined angle {\Theta}_{SH} that can exceed 30{\deg} with respect to the current flow, but in contrast to theoretical expectations, {\Theta}_{SH} increases linearly with velocity up to at least 100 m/s. We explain our observation based on internal mode excitations in combination with a field-like SOT, showing that one must go beyond the usual rigid skyrmion description to unravel the dynamics.Comment: pdf document arxiv_v1.1. 24 pages (incl. 9 figures and supplementary information

Index Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Immunomodulatory and Osteotropic Therapy for Chronic Generalized Periodontitis of Varying Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background. The significant prevalence of chronic generalized periodontitis, the severity of its course, the increase in the number of complicated forms and short-term remissions cause a constant search for new methods and means of its treatment. When choosing the most effective methods of therapy, specialists mostly prefer a complex effect on the main pathogenetic links of the disease, while often losing sight of the body's own defenses, especially in terms of pharmacotherapeutic support and immunity strengthening. This study presents the results of a study of the clinical efficacy of the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis by means of the developed therapy complex, including the use of immunomodulatory and osteotropic drugs.Objective — to study clinical efficacy of the developed complex immunomodulatory and osteotropic treatment for chronic generalized periodontitis.Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 154 patients aged 20 to 75 with periodontitis of varying severity. Conventional examination of patients was carried out in specialized dental clinics DentoProma (Krasnodar) and Dentalife (Stavropol) based at the Dentistry Department, Stavropol State Medical University (Russia). The study period was 24 months. The patients were divided into a main group of 118 participants and a control group of 36 participants. The comprehensive treatment plan, prescribed to all patients, included proper oral hygiene education, individual and professional dental hygiene, topical anti-inflammatory agents, Vector therapy, open flap debridement, flap surgery, relevant splinting prosthetics (if necessary). The authors developed a comprehensive therapy, which included administration of the immunomodulatory agent Hepon (Immapharma Company, Russia), glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate sodium. All patients of the main and control groups were additionally ranked into subgroups depending on the severity of diagnosed periodontitis: slight (subgroup 1), moderate (subgroup 2) and severe (subgroup 3). The major focus of the study was to establish efficacy of the developed therapy which was defined by the degree of resolution of the inflammatory process and increase in the period of remission. Reflecting the presence and degree of inflammation, dental plaque index and oral hygiene status were considered to be the target indicators. Analysis and statistical processing of the obtained data were carried out using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA).Results. The analysis of the data revealed that the immediate clinical results of the developed complex therapy both in the main group and in the control group were approximately identical. According to the follow-up data obtained one month after the treatment, additional prescription of complex osteotropic treatment to the patients with chronic generalized periodontitis contributed to rapid resolution of infection in the gingival tissues and provided stable treatment results.Conclusion. Introduction of the complex clinical and hygienic treatment promoted resolution of the inflammatory process in the gingival tissues of all patients who received immunomodulatory and osteotropic therapy

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФОКАЛЬНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ СЛАБЫХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГЕОДИНАМИКА ЮГА ИРАНА

The Southern Iran territory, including the Zagros region and the margins of the Arabian and Eurasian plates, is a seismically active area with large industrial facilities of Iran. In this respect, studying modern geodynamics of this area is a top research task. This article presents a part of the studies conducted by the IPE RAS Seismological Expedition led by the Doctor of Physics and Mathematics S.S. Arefiev in 1999–2001. The research team studied the seismic setting on the construction site of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. The main results discussed in the present article are the focal mechanism solutions based on the data of the IPE RAS seismic network. The network was deployed in the junction area of the Fars and Dezful tectonic provinces (north of the Bushehr NPP) and covered an area of 100´100 km. A specific feature of the seismic network was that it comprised local networks, and each local station was focused, first of all, on determining the precise locations of earthquake epicenters in a particular section of the crust. However, the scarcity of stations in such local networks and the technologies available at that time did not allow us to determine the mechanisms of earthquake foci. This problem was solved by integrating the seismological and tectonophysical methods. In the analysis, we used the tectonophysical approach that is usually applied to reconstruct stresses from the data on slickensides. This approach is based on a specific algorithm of the kinematic method developed by O.I. Gushchenko, which is used in the absence of sliding direction signs. It became possible, in addition to a few signs from the first P-wave arrivals (1–2 confident signs), to use the data on the S-wave polarization direction. By applying the Gushchenko algorithm to such data, the areas of P and T axes were quite reliably localized on a single hemisphere for determining the focal mechanisms. The focal mechanisms computed for 72 earthquakes correspond to the Kazerooni-Borazdzhan shearing zone and, at the same time, are indicative of the presence of crust incision me­chanisms in the Bushehr Peninsula. The focal mechanisms computed in our study, as well as the mechanisms reported in the Global CMT Project Catalogue, show that the Bushehr Peninsula is located near the western boundary of the zone of strike-slip faults, which extends from the north (Zagros) to the south (the Persian Gulf) and widens as a horsetail-shape structure. In the crust of the Persian Gulf coast, the intensity of the strike-slip component in the earthquake focal mechanism is minimal. The earthquake mechanisms in this region are mainly related to thrusting, reverse faulting and even the crust incision.Южный Иран в районе Загроса и границ Аравийской и Евразийской плит является сейсмически активной территорией, на которой находятся крупные промышленные объекты. В этой связи понятна актуальность изучения современной геодинамики региона. В работе представлена небольшая часть исследований, выполненных в процессе проведения изысканий сейсмологической экспедиции ИФЗ РАН под руководством д.ф.-м.н. С.С. Арефьева в 1999–2001 гг. Работы были связаны с изучением сейсмической обстановки в районе строительства АЭС Бушер. Главным результатом, обсуждаемым в статье, являются решения фокальных механизмов, полученных по данным сейсмической сети ИФЗ РАН. Сеть была развернута в области сопря­жения тектонических провинций Фарс и Дезфул (к северу от АЭС Бушер) и охватывала область 100´100 км. Особенностью сейсмических сетей локальных станций является ее нацеленность, прежде всего, на точность локации эпицентров землетрясений определенного участка коры. При этом немногочисленность станций таких локальных сетей и существовавшие в то время методы не позволяли определять механизмы очагов землетрясений. Эта задача была решена на основе комплексирования сейсмологических и тектонофизических методов. В ходе анализа был использован тектонофизический подход, который обычно применялся при реконструкции напряжений по данным о зеркалах скольжения. Он основан на специфическом алгоритме кинематического метода О.И. Гущенко, используемом в случае отсутствия знаков в направлении скольжения. Это дало возможность в дополнение к небольшому числу знаков по первым вступлениям P-волны (1–2 уверенных знака) использовать данные о направлении поляризации S-волны. Применение алгоритма метода О.И. Гущенко к таким данным позволило на единичной полусфере достаточно достоверно локализовать области выходов осей P и T при определении механизмов очагов. Полученные фокальные решения для 72 землетрясений соответствуют Казерун-Боразджанской зоне сдвигов и в то же время показывают наличие взрезовых механизмов для коры полуострова Бушер. Обобщение этих данных, а также данных о фокальных механизмах из базы «Global CMT Project» свидетельствует о том, что п-ов Бушер расположен вблизи западной границы зоны сдвигов, простирающейся с севера (Загрос) на юг (Персидский залив) и расширяющейся в виде конского хвоста. В коре побережья Персидского залива интенсивность компоненты сдвига в механизмах очагов землетрясений минимальна, здесь преимущественно возникают землетрясения с механизмами надвигового, взбросового и даже взрезового типа

Взаимосвязь динамики сывороточных концентраций интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6 и интерлейкина-10 с клиническими данными в остром периоде ишемического инсульта в зависимости от стратегии реперфузионной терапии

Aim. To study the relationship between the dynamics of serum concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 with clinical data in the acute period of ischemic stroke, and the strategy of reperfusion therapy.Materials and methods. In 28 patients with acute ischemic stroke, half of whom underwent intravenous thrombolysis, the concentration of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 was assessed at admission, on the 3rd and 10th day of the disease.Results. The concentration of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 decreases during the acute period of stroke. The concentration of interleukin-10 remains unchanged for the first 10 days since the development of stroke. When thrombolysis is performed, there is a more significant decrease in interleukin-1β concentration in the hyperacute period of stroke, whereas in patients without reperfusion there is a decrease in interleukin-6 concentration from 1 to 10 days. The concentration of cytokines is associated with age, lipid spectrum, severity of carotid atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy and injection fraction of the heart. Only in the subgroup of thrombolysis, correlations of cytokine concentrations with systolic blood pressure at admission, hemoglobin concentration, total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins, hematocrit, degree of stenosis of the contralateral carotid artery, injection fraction and the number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed in the hospital were recorded. The concentration of interleukin-6 at day 10 is associated with the severity of stroke at admission, and the level of IL-10 on day 3 of the disease, with the mobility of patients at discharge.Conclusions. In the hyperacute period of stroke, there is a decrease in the pro-inflammatory activity of blood serum, more pronounced in patients undergoing systemic thrombolysis. Concentrations of interleukin1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 are associated with a wide range of parameters characterizing the cardiovascular and functional status, and the pattern of these associations differs depending on the reperfusion therapy strategy. Цель. Изучить взаимосвязь динамики сывороточных концентраций интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6 и интерлейкина-10 с клиническими данными в остром периоде ишемического инсульта в зависимости от стратегии реперфузионной терапии.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 28 пациентов в возрасте от 47 до 87 (64 ± 13) лет, в том числе 21 мужчина и 7 женщин. У всех пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта, 14 из которых проводилась внутривенная тромболитическая терапия, оценена концентрация интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6 и интерлейкина-10 при поступлении, на 3-и и 10-е сут заболевания. Результаты. Концентрация интерлейкина-1β и интерлейкина-6 снижается в течение острейшего периода инсульта. Концентрация интерлейкина-10 остается неизменной на протяжении первых 10 сут с момента развития мозговой катастрофы. При проведении тромболизиса отмечается более значимое снижение концентрации интерлейкина-1β в острейшем периоде инсульта, тогда как у пациентов без реперфузии наблюдается снижение концентрации интерлейкина-6 с 1-го по 10-е сут заболевания. Концентрация цитокинов ассоциирована с возрастом, параметрами липидного спектра, выраженностью каротидного атеросклероза, гипертрофией миокарда и насосной функцией сердца. Лишь в подгруппе тромболизиса зафиксированы корреляции концентрации цитокинов с величиной систолического артериального давления при поступлении, концентрацией гемоглобина, общего холестерина и липопротеинов высокой плотности, гематокритом, степенью стенозирования контралатеральной сонной артерии, фракцией выброса сердца и количеством антигипертензивных препаратов, назначенных в стационаре. Концентрация интерлейкина-6 на 10-е сут связана с тяжестью инсульта при поступлении в стационар, а уровень интерлейкина-10 на 3-и сут заболевания − с мобильностью пациентов при выписке.Выводы. В острейшем периоде инсульта происходит снижение провоспалительной активности сыворотки крови, более выраженное у пациентов, которым проведен системный тромболизис. Концентрация интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6 и интерлейкина-10 ассоциирована с широким спектром параметров, характеризующих сердечно-сосудистый и функциональный статус, причем паттерн данных ассоциаций отличается в зависимости от стратегии реперфузионной терапии

Функциональные изменения микроциркуляции у шахтеров в зависимости от стажа подземных работ

Objective: to study microcirculation in miners in relation to the length of their underground work. Subjects and methods. Microcirculation was studied in 328 miners who were divided into three groups according to the length of their underground work. It was examined in the skin of the outer lower third of the shoulder, by applying skin laser Doppler flowme-try by means of a ЛАКК-01 laser capillary blood flow analyzer (Lazma RPA, Russian Federation). Results. The performed studies determined a relationship between microcirculatory changes and the length of underground work. Group 1 (length, 1—9 years) showed a decrease in the major indicator of microcirculation through various mechanisms aimed at reducing peripheral resistance. As the length of underground work was more, there was an increase in total peripheral resistance and blood flow bypass. Conclusion. Microcirculatory deterioration occurs in miners who have worked underground longer. The found changes are comparable with the stages of total adjustment syndrome. The stress stage developing in miners with an underground work length of 1 to 9 years is characterized by decreased peripheral resistance. The resistance stage of adjustment syndrome occurs when different compensatory mechanisms are activated in miners who have been working under harmful conditions for 10 to 19 years. Dysadjustment signs characterized by increases in peripheral resistance and blood flow bypass occur with exhaustion of compensatory systems in miners who have been working underground for 20 years or more. Key words: microcirculation, miners, length of underground work.Цель исследования — изучить состояние микроциркуляции шахтеров в зависимости от стажа подземных работ. Материал и методы. Было проведено исследование микроциркуляции у 328-и шахтеров. Все шахтеры были разделены на три группы в зависимости от стажа подземных работ. Исследование микроциркуляции проводили на коже наружной нижней трети плеча с использованием накожной лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии с помощью лазерного анализатора капиллярного кровотока (ЛАКК-01) отечественного производства (НПО «Лазма», РФ). Результаты. В проведенных исследованиях была определена взаимосвязь изменений микроциркуляции со стажем подземных работ. В первой группе (стаж 1—9 лет) наблюдалось снижение основного показателя микроциркуляции за счет различных механизмов, направленных на уменьшение периферического сопротивления. С увеличением стажа подземных работ происходило увеличение общего периферического сопротивления и увеличение шунтирования кровотока. Заключение. У шахтеров с увеличением стажа подземных работ происходит ухудшение микроциркуляции. Выявленные изменения сопоставимы со стадиями общего адаптационного синдрома. Стадия напряжения, развивающаяся у шахтеров со стажем работы от одного года до 9-и лет, характеризуется снижением периферического сопротивления. При активизации различных компенсаторных механизмов у шахтеров, работающих во вредных условиях от 10-и до 19-и лет, наступает резистивная стадия адаптационного синдрома. При стаже работы 20 и более лет, с истощением компенсаторных систем, появляются признаки дезадаптации, характеризующиеся увеличением периферического сопротивления и нарастанием шунтирования кровотока. Ключевые слова: микроциркуляция, шахтеры, подземный стаж работы