Structural Factorization of Plants to Compute their Functional and Architectural Growth

Numerical simulation of plant growth has been facing a bottleneck due to the cumbersome computation implied by the complex plant topological structure. In this article, the authors present a new mathematical model for plant growth, GreenLab, overcoming these difficulties. GreenLab is based on a powerful factorization of the plant structure. Fast simulation algorithms are derived for deterministic and stochastic trees. The computation time no longer depends on the number of organs and grows at most quadratically with the age of the plant. This factorization finds applications to build trees very efficiently, in the context of geometric models, and to compute biomass production and distribution, in the context of functional structural models

Potential effects of land use change around the inner lake in Tihany, Hungary - Examination of geology, pedology and plant cover/land use interrelations

Land use changes are sources for a series of problems but they can be solutions as well. In a nature conservation area it can reduce and increase biodiversity, however in the Tihany Peninsula nature conservationists try to protect the present natural environment. Human induced landscape changes gained the peninsula the first landscape protection district status of the country. Geological background, microclimatic conditions, given soil heritage, plant cover and land use plays an important role in the life of the peninsula. We wish to give an example how human induced activities might affect the valuable natural environment in a way that threatens the aim of the protection

Financial market development and economic growth: Evidence from asean and cee region [Rozwój rynku finansowego i wzrost gospodarczy: Dowody z regionu asean i cee]

Developed financial markets act as a catalyst in promoting greater economic growth for nations. Healthy financial market growth among nations is found to improve good job creations and aid economic growth in line with Sustainable Development Goal 8. Developing economies could emulate the growth principles from developed economies on financial market development. This paper analyzes the impact of financial market development and economic growth in middle-income and high-income countries of ASEAN and CEE countries from 2002 to 2019. Annual time series data were sourced from World Bank using stock market development indicators. The panel data based on the random effect model was employed to determine the correlation between stock market development and economic growth. The findings of the study reveal that market capitalization and total stock traded from the total value positively impact economic growth. In contrast, the relationship between the stock traded of domestic share and GDP growth is negative. To foster greater economic growth, countries and policymakers need to focus on developing the financial market sector and maintaining the macroeconomic stability

Using a 3-D Virtual Sunflower to Simulate Light Capture at Organ, Plant and Plot Levels: Contribution of Organ Interception, Impact of Heliotropism and Analysis of Genotypic Differences

• Background and Aims: Light interception is a critical factor in the production of biomass. The study presented here describes a method used to take account of architectural changes over time in sunflower and to estimate absorbed light at the organ level. • Methods: The amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by a plant is estimated on a daily or hourly basis through precise characterization of the light environment and three-dimensional virtual plants built using AMAP software. Several treatments are performed over four experiments and on two genotypes to test the model, quantify the contribution of different organs to light interception and evaluate the impact of heliotropism. • Key Results: This approach is used to simulate the amount of light absorbed at organ and plant scales from crop emergence to maturity. Blades and capitula were the major contributors to light interception, whereas that by petioles and stem was negligible. Light regimen simulations showed that heliotropism decreased the cumulated light intercepted at the plant scale by close to 2.2% over one day. • Conclusions: The approach is useful in characterizing the light environment of organs and the whole plant, especially for studies on heterogeneous canopies or for quantifying genotypic or environmental impacts on plant architecture, where conventional approaches are ineffective. This model paves the way to analyses of genotype-environment interactions and could help establish new selection criteria based on architectural improvement, enhancing plant light interception