Congélation du sperme de verrat. Races autochtones in peril de disparition (résultats préliminaires)

Dans les races porcines Chato Murciano et Ibérico, le méthode pour congeler l'sperme propose par Thilmant (1997) (A) à ameilloré les résultats obtenus aprés l'emploi du méthode de Westendorf (1975) (B). Dans cette comunication, en employant la Coloration Vital (eosine-nigrosine) (T.V.) et l'état de l'acrosome (NAR) sur six verrats appartenant a races autochtones espagnoles et un verrat croisé, nous avons trouvé résultats moyennes de 59 p.100 vers 47 p.100 dans T.V. et de 59 p.100 vers 33 p.100 dans NAR, pour A et B respectivement.En las razas porcinas Chato Murciano e Ibérico la aplicación del método de congelación de semen porcino propuesto por Thilmant (1997) (A) ha mejorado los resultados alcanzados con el método propuesto por Westendorf (1975) (B). Considerando, a efectos de este trabajo, la tinción vital (T.V.) y el estado del acrosoma (N.A.R.), en seis verracos pertenecientes a razas autóctonas españolas y un verraco cruzado. Hemos encontrado valores medios de 59 p.100 y 47 p.100 para T.V. y de 59 p.100 y 33 p.100 para N.A.R., para los métodos A y B respectivamente. En la inseminación con semen descongelado utilizando el mejor de los métodos estudiados in vitro, se alcanzan valores de gestación cercanos a la monta natural

Behaviour of the Chato Murciano pig front mannequin in the semen collect room. Preliminary study of the libido

The artificial insemination porcine centres utilize boars that to behave of different way in the presence of a seminal collect mannequin. The reply time is important for the centres with a lot of boars. This study try to know the reply in relation to jump time on the mannequin and ejaculation time of the autochthonous breed Chato Murciano and in some boars of others breeds. The results show that the jump time on the mannequin when the boar comes in the semen collect room until jump on the mannequin, is in direct relation with the age, so this time is minor in the young boars that in the adult boars (V1: 10 months, 3,57 s; V2: 20 months, 12 s; V3: 3 years, 9,12 s; V4: 5 years, 30,12 s; V5: 12 years, 64,62 s), and the total time of ejaculation is very near for all ages, having a minimun value of 297,5 ±105,8 s and a maximum of 500 ± 130,7 s. The semen flow velocity is valued for the two seasons studied and there isn‘t differences between the both situations. All boars analyzed was subjected to one weekly semen collection.Los centros de inseminación artificial porcina utilizan reproductores que responden de manera distinta a la presencia de un potro o maniquí de extracción seminal. El tiempo de respuesta es importante para los centros con muchos verracos. Este estudio trata de conocer la respuesta en tiempo de salto al potro y tiempo de eyaculación de la raza autóctona Chato Murciano y algunos ejemplares de otras razas. Los resultados indican que el tiempo de salto al potro cuando el verraco entra en la sala de extracción hasta que salta sobre el maniquí está en relación directa con la edad, siendo menor en los verracos (V) jóvenes que en los adultos (V1: 10 meses, 3,57 s; V2: 20 meses, 12 s; V3: 3 años, 9,12 s; V4: 5 años, 30,12 s; V5: 12 años, 64,62 s), y el tiempo total de eyaculación es muy similar para todas las edades, teniendo un valor mínimo de 297,5 ±105,8 s y un máximo de 500 ± 130,7 s. La velocidad de flujo de semen es valorada para las dos estaciones estudiadas y no se encuentran diferencias significativas en ambas situaciones. Todos los verracos están sometidos a una extracción semanal

Efficacy of different recovery strategies in elite soccer players

Una correcta estrategia de recuperación (ER) tras la competición o el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en fútbol ayudará a no disminuir el rendimiento y a prevenir lesiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la eficacia de diferentes estrategias de recuperación combinadas en comparación con una simple, tras una sesión de entrenamiento específico de fútbol. Participaron 20 jugadores de fútbol de élite y se utilizaron cuatro estrategias de recuperación de forma aleatoria y contrabalanceada a lo largo de 4 semanas de entrenamiento. Se midió temperatura timpánica y las escalas subjetiva Total Quality Recovery (TQR) y Category Ratio Scale (CR10). Los resultados exponen que ninguna de las ER estudiadas muestra ser más eficaz que las demás. No obstante, la realización de protocolos de recuperación combinados llevados a cabo tras la sesión de entrenamiento de fútbol, tiende a una mayor eficacia respecto al protocolo que incluía únicamente estiramientosAfter a soccer match or high intensity training, suitable recovery will help not to decrease performance and to prevent injuries. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of different combined recovery strategies in comparison with a simple one, after a specific soccer training session. Twenty elite players participated in the study. A randomized crossover design was used to determine the effect of 4 post-training session recovery strategies. Tympanic temperature was measured, as well as Total Quality Recovery (TQR) and Category Ratio Scale (CR10) subjective scales. Results show that none of the recovery strategies proved more effective than others. However, the use of combined strategies tended to be more effective than a simple strategy after a high intensity training session in socce

Situación actual de la raza bovina murciano-levantina

Resumen de la comunicación presentada al III Congreso Ibérico sobre Recursos Genéticos Animale

Estudio genético del cerdo Chato Murciano sometido a un programa de recuperación

The Chato Murciano is the only surviving local breed of pig historically produced in the region of Murcia (Spain). At the present time, it is at risk of extinction, with a census of no more of 40 reproductive animals. In this paper, we are presenting a study of the inbreeding levels of the population, together with a genetic characterization of pure animals and individuals in several successive generations of absorption. We observed high levels of inbreeding approaching 11 percent, which could explain the occurrence of malfunction and poor performance in the population. The microsatellite study showed the genetic profile of the population and the genetic convergence of successive cross-bred generations towards the genetic profile of the purebred animals. This study constitutes a follow up of the recovery program in development over the Chato Murciano.La raza Chato Murciano es la única raza local superviviente de los cerdos tradicionalmente producidos en la región de Murcia (España). En este momento está en peligro de extinción con un censo total de no más de 40 animales reproductores. En este trabajo, presentamos un estudio sobre los niveles de endogamia de la población, junto con una caracterización genética de los animales puros así como de otros resultantes de sucesivas generaciones de cruces absorbentes. Observamos altos niveles de consanguinidad, próximos al 11 p.100 lo que podría explicar la aparición de malformaciones y la pobre productividad de la población. El estudio de microsatélites mostró el perfil genético de la población a la convergencia genética de las sucesivas generaciones de cruzamientos absorbentes hacia el perfil de los animales puros. Este estudio constituye un paso adelante en el programa de recuperación que desarrollamos sobre el Chato Murciano

Calculation of the interventilatory threshold area: a method for examining the aerobic-anaerobic transition

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el área interumbrales (ITA) [la zona comprendida entre el primer y el segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT1 y VT2) en la función VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE] y las variables ergoespirométricas. Treinta y tres hombres realizaron un test incremental. El ITA se calculó: 1) como la integral definida por el área entre VT1 y VT2 bajo las curvas de VO2/VE, Carga/VO2 y Carga/VE y 2) como la suma de las áreas descritas por el triángulo y rectángulo entre los mismos puntos. El ITA para la función Carga/VE se correlacionó positivamente (p<0,01) con la carga en VT2 (r = 0,831) y la ventilación en VT2 (r = 0,799). El ITA para la función VO2/VE fue significativamente mayor en los ciclistas que en los estudiantes. La determinación del ITA es un método simple para evaluar la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica durante las pruebas de esfuerzo incremental.The aim was to determine the relationship between the interthreshold area (ITA) [the area between the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2) for the function VO2/VE, load/VO2 and load/VE] and the traditional variables measured. Thirty-three men underwent an incremental test. The ITA was calculated: 1) as the integral defined by the area between VT1 and VT2 under the curves for the functions VO2/VE, load/VO2 and load/VE and 2) as the simple sum of the areas described by the triangle and rectangle between the same points. The mean ITA for the function load/VE was positively correlated (p<0.01) with load at VT2 (r=0.831) and ventilation at VT2 (r=0.799). The mean ITA for the function VO2/VE was significantly greater in the cyclists than in the students. The ITA for the function load/VE differed between March and July as training progressed. The determination of the ITA is a simple method of assessing the aerobic-anaerobic transition process during incremental exercise tests

The Effects of the Type of Exercise and Physical Activity on Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Subjects

The aim of this study was to examine whether a type of exercise favors better compliance with a prescribed diet, higher eating-related motivation, healthier diet composition or greater changes in body composition in overweight and obese subjects. One hundred and sixty-two (males n = 79), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups during 24 weeks: strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and guideline-based physical activity; all in combination with a 25-30% caloric restriction diet. A food frequency questionnaire and a "3-day food and drink record" were applied pre- and post-intervention. Diet and exercise-related motivation levels were evaluated with a questionnaire developed for this study. Body composition was assessed by DXA and habitual physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage decreased and lean body mass increased after the intervention, without differences by groups. No interactions were observed between intervention groups and time; all showing a decreased in energy intake (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate and protein intakes increased, and fat intake decreased from pre- to post-intervention without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI category or gender (p < 0.001). Diet-related motivation showed a tendency to increase from pre- to post-intervention (70.0 ± 0.5 vs 71.0 ± 0.6, p = 0.053), without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI or gender. Regarding motivation for exercise, gender x time interactions were observed (F(1,146) = 7.452, p = 0.007): Women increased their motivation after the intervention (pre: 17.6 ± 0.3, post: 18.2 ± 0.3), while men maintained it. These findings suggest that there are no substantial effects of exercise type on energy intake, macronutrient selection or body composition changes. After a six-month weight loss program, individuals did not reduce their motivation related to diet or exercise, especially women. Individuals who initiate a long-term exercise program do not increase their energy intake in a compensatory fashion, if diet advices are included.The PRONAF Study takes place with the financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria de Ayudas I+D 2008, Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada, del VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008-2011, (Contract: DEP2008-06354-C04-01). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001

Vasopressinergic modulation of stress responses in the central amygdala of the Roman high-avoidance and low-avoidance rat

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is selectively involved in the passive component of the behavioral (immobility) and the accompanying parasympathetic response during conditioned, stressful environmental challenges. Vasopressinergic mechanisms in the brain seem to play a role in these stress responses. The effects of the neuropeptides arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) on modulating CEA activity during conditioned stress of inescapable footshock were studied in male Roman high-avoidance (RHA/Verh) and low-avoidance (RLA/Verh) rats, psychogenetically selected on the basis of shuttle-box acquisition behavior. In RLA/Verh rats, the cardiac and behavioral responses to the conditioned emotional stressor were bradycardia and immobility, suggesting an important role for the CEA in these rats. The RHA/Verh rats, however, failed to show any change in heart rate or immobility in response to a conditioned stress situation. The low dose of AVP (20 pg) in the CEA of conscious RLA/Verh rats caused an enhancement of the stress-induced bradycardiac and immobility response. However, the high dose of AVP (2 ng) and OXT (200 pg) attenuated the bradycardiac and immobility responses in the RLA/Verh rats. Infusion of AVP and OXT in the RHA/Verh rats failed to induce any change in heart rate nr immobility. Binding studies revealed that the AVP receptor selectively binds AVP with high affinity. In contrast, the OXT receptor recognizes both AVP and OXT with a similar (but lower) affinity. This suggests that the behavioral and autonomic responses of the high dose of AVP may be caused by OXT receptor stimulation. In conclusion, on the basis of the present results one may hypothesize that CEA differences in AVP and OXT innervation and/or receptor densities may contribute to the differences in coping strategy found in these animals.