Improved solid state electron-charge-storage device

Storage device is applicable in memory systems and in high-resolution arrays for light-responsive image sensing. The device offers high yield in multiple arrays and allows charge release with light striking only the edge of a metal electrode

Silicon surface passivation for devices Quarterly status report

Water contamination in thermal oxide on silico

Positive and Negative Ion Motion in Thermal Oxide on Silicon by Radiochemical and MOS ANALYSIS

Metal-oxide-silicon capacitor and radiochemical analyses of anion in sodium contamination failure mod

Impurities and interface states in the SiO2/Si system Final report

Impurities and interface states in silicon dioxide-silicon syste

Impurities and Interface States in the Sio2/si System Semiannual Report

Impurities and interface states in silicon dioxide/silicon syste

Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Muyuka: a rural health district in South West Province, Cameroon.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in the population aged 40 years and over in Muyuka, a rural district in the South West Province of Cameroon. METHODS: A multistage cluster random sampling methodology was used to select 20 clusters of 100 people each. In each cluster households were randomly selected and all eligible people had their visual acuity (VA) measured by an ophthalmic nurse. Those with VA <6/18 were examined by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS: 1787 people were examined (response rate 89.3%). The prevalence of binocular blindness was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.8% to 2.4%), 2.2% (1.% to 3.1%) for binocular severe visual impairment, and 6.4% (5.0% to 7.8%) for binocular visual impairment. Cataract was the main cause of blindness (62.1%), severe visual impairment (65.0%), and visual impairment (40.0%). Refractive error was an important cause of severe visual impairment (15.0%) and visual impairment (22.5%). The cataract surgical coverage for people was 55% at the <3/60 level and 33% at the <6/60 level. 64.3% of eyes operated for cataract had poor visual outcome (presenting VA<6/60). CONCLUSIONS: Strategies should be developed to make cataract services affordable and accessible to the population in the rural areas. There is an urgent need to improve the outcome of cataract surgery. Refractive error services should be provided at the community level

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2006) 100, 149—157 Rapid assessment for prioritisation of trachoma control at community level in one district of the

Summary The objective of this study was to use a modified Lot Quality Assurance Sampling methodology to classify communities according to prevalence of active trachoma and to estimate the prevalence of trachoma and trichiasis in Nioro department, Kaolack Region, Senegal. A survey was conducted using twostage cluster sampling to select 50 children aged 2—5 years in each of 33 clusters. In total 1648 children were examined for active trachoma. Information on trachoma risk factors was collected through interviews with the mother or the household head of the child. Adults (&gt;40 years) with trichiasis were identified through case finding. Nineteen clusters had a low prevalence of active trachoma in children aged 2—5 years (&lt;20%), 11 had medium prevalence (20—40%) and three had high prevalence (&gt;40%). The prevalence of active trachoma in children aged 2—5 years was 17.4 % (95 % CI 12.9—21.8%). Multivariate-adjusted predictors of active trachoma were: age, facial cleanliness, hygiene practices and keeping cattle in the household. The prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged over 40 years was 1.77 % (95 % CI 1.24—2.51), equating to 985 adults (95 % CI 765—1250) with trichiasis in Nioro department. In conclusion, a survey using rapid methodology showed that trachoma is a problem of public significance in Nioro department

Demandes en eau des exploitations agricoles du périmètre irrigué de la Mitidja ouest (Algérie)

Le périmètre irrigué de la Mitidja ouest couvre une superficie de 8 600 ha. Depuis sa mise en eau à la fin des années 1980, le réseau collectif n'a pas remplacé l'irrigation individuelle à partir de la nappe. Cette situation est due d'une part au manque d'eau récurrent lié à la faible quantité d'eau allouée à l'irrigation au profit de l'alimentation en eau potable du grand Alger. Le fonctionnement du réseau collectif est par ailleurs fortement entravé par une gestion réputée peu efficace avec un faible niveau de maintenance. Ce travail expose la méthode employée ainsi que les premiers résultats sur la caractérisation de la demande en eau des exploitations agricoles de ce périmètre et le partage des rélèvements entre l'eau de surface et l'eau souterraine. Les enquêtes réalisées confirment que la nappe souterraine demeure la principale ressource en eau pour la majorité des exploitations agricoles du périmètre, en particulier pour les maraîchers qui souvent louent les terres et irriguent exclusivement à partir de l'eau de la nappe. La grande majorité des exploitations agricoles (90 % de notre échantillon) ont au moins un forage en état de fonctionnement. Bien que critiqué par les agriculteurs sur la qualité de son service, la qualité de l'eau et surtout les barèmes de facturation des volumes d'eau consommés, le système collectif demeure sollicité par plus de 54 % des agriculteurs. L'usage combiné des deux systèmes, collectif et individuel, permet d'irriguer annuellement plus de 61 % de la surface cultivée, le plus souvent en gravitaire, et en premier lieu les agrumes qui représentent 40 % de la surface totale cultivée. Une typologie détaillée des exploitations agricoles est présentée dans cette communication avec pour finalité la caractérisation fine des diverses formes de demande en eau au sein du périmètre

"It All Ended in an Unsporting Way": Serbian Football and the Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1989-2006

Part of a wider examination into football during the collapse of Eastern European Communism between 1989 and 1991, this article studies the interplay between Serbian football and politics during the period of Yugoslavia's demise. Research utilizing interviews with individuals directly involved in the Serbian game, in conjunction with contemporary Yugoslav media sources, indicates that football played an important proactive role in the revival of Serbian nationalism. At the same time the Yugoslav conflict, twinned with a complex transition to a market economy, had disastrous consequences for football throughout the territories of the former Yugoslavia. In the years following the hostilities the Serbian game has suffered decline, major financial hardship and continuing terrace violence, resulting in widespread nostalgia for the pre-conflict era