Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium by Antibiotic Drugs: a Comparative Study

- A comparison of the inhibiting efficiency of antibiotic drugs (ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, and amoxicillin) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol·L−1 HCl were studied at room temperature using mass loss measurement. The main reason is probably be due to the formation of protective coverage by the inhibitor as other authors reported previously. Adsorption characteristics of the inhibitor has also been studied using simple equation and it was found that drugs inhibits the corrosion of mild steel by being adsorbed on the surface of mild steel by a physical adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of drugs on the mild steel surface was found to be spontaneous and obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. It was observed that the test drug has a promising inhibitory action in acid medium against corrosion of mild steel. Moreover it was revealed that an inhibition efficiency of 80.1 % can be achieved with 3×10-3M ciprofloxacin drug treatment on mild steel

Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium by Antibiotic Drugs: A Comparative Study

Abstract - A comparison of the inhibiting efficiency of antibiotic drugs (ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, and amoxicillin) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol·L−1 HCl were studied at room temperature using mass loss measurement. The main reason is probably be due to the formation of protective coverage by the inhibitor as other authors reported previously. Adsorption characteristics of the inhibitor has also been studied using simple equation and it was found that drugs inhibits the corrosion of mild steel by being adsorbed on the surface of mild steel by a physical adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of drugs on the mild steel surface was found to be spontaneous and obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. It was observed that the test drug has a promising inhibitory action in acid medium against corrosion of mild steel. Moreover it was revealed that an inhibition efficiency of 80.1 % can be achieved with 3×10-3M ciprofloxacin drug treatment on mild steel.Keywords: Steel corrosion; Antibiotic drugs; Adsorption isotherm; Inhibition mechanism

Outdoor education camp and group cohesion: an investigation in the teacher education institute of Malaysia

The study seeks to investigate the effect of outdoor education camp toward group cohesion among second year undergraduate teacher trainees from selected Teacher Education Institutes of Malaysia. A pre-test and post-test approach with non-equivalent control group was utilised among 350 second year undergraduate teacher trainees from four selected campuses. A modified version of Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) was used to gather data from pre-test and post-test. Results from MANCOVA procedures suggested that the camp had positively improved the group cohesion aspects of the experimental group with significant gain in ATG-T, ATG-S, GI-T and GI-S. Furthermore, results also highlight the improvement of group outcome aspects (GI-T and GI-S) which surpassed individual aspects (ATG-T and ATG-S). Overall, the results of this study showed that outdoor education improves teacher trainees’ group cohesion.Keywords: outdoor education; cohesion; teacher; adventure

Properties of asphaltic concrete containing sasobit®

With increasing interest in the use of hot mix asphalt in the paving industry, more studies in this field for improvement of hot mix asphalt properties seem to be necessary. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sasobit® content as modified binder in hot mix asphalt. 60/70 penetration grade asphalt was separately modified with sasobit® at different concentrations ranging from 0% to 4.5%. The influence of sasobit® on the hot mix asphalt mixtures properties were detected through conventional tests i.e. penetration and softening point. In addition, the Marshall stability, abrasion loss, and resilient modulus were also examined. Results indicated that the hot mix asphalt containing Sasobit® additive has significant affect in terms of penetration and softening point. Furthermore, the addition of Sasobit® seemed to improve the stability, abrasion loss and modulus of stiffness

Effect of moisture damage on gap-graded asphalt mixture incorporating electric arc furnace steel slag and copper mine tailings

Water damage is a vital factor affecting the durability of gap-graded asphalt. There is an urgent need for a pragmatic and reasonable test to evaluate this parameter. Previous research has proposed that tensile strength ratio is a promising test for this application. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of moisture damage on gap-graded asphalt mixture incorporating electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag and copper mine tailings (CMT). Four material mixtures of eight mix designs were investigated. Each mix was conditioned in water for 24-hour and 48-hour before testing. The study adopted retained strength index (RSI), durability index (DI) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) to describe the durability of gap-graded asphalt incorporating EAF steel slag and copper mine tailings. The results reveal that all the mixes fulfill the prescribed criteria. Also, there is a strong correlation between the retained strength index and the durability index with a strong coefficient of determination, R 2 of 0.9543. The results of the study further showed that gap-graded asphalt mixture incorporating EAF steel slag and copper mine tailings did not seem to pose any problem

Sex ratio, spawning season and the size at maturity of Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller 1862) in the coastal waters of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862) locally referred to as "udang kulit keras" in Malaysia has profound biological, ecological, aquacultural and conservational significance. The reproductive biology of this important penaeid from the coastal waters of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, was studied during the period between February 2012 to January 2013. Females outnumbered males with a sex ratio of M: F= 1:3 (P < 0.05). Four maturity stages of female gonads viz., immature, maturing, mature and spent stages were distinguished. The first stage of sexual maturity was attained at a length of 9.3 cm, and female P. sculptilis showed a peak gonadosomatic index during the month of April, August and October, indicating that P. sculptilis potentially breeds throughout the year. The findings of this study would greatly contribute towards the understanding of gonadal maturation, spawning season and breeding biology, which could be important for the effective population management of this prawn species

Development of digestive tract of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton 1822) fry in the lower Meghna estuary, Bangladesh

This study was designed to describe the morphological development of the gut of Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha from yolk sac to early juvenile stage. Samples were collected from the lower Meghna River, Bangladesh and laboratory analysis was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Digestive tract was transparent and straight tube in structure at yolk sac stage. After yolk sac absorption, the digestive tract was differentiated into mouth opening, buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines and rectum. Development of digestive tract was almost completed during pre-flexion stage. Gut loop was clearly observed at post flexion stage. Digestive tract was equal to more than three-quarter of standard length during larval development. The percentage of gut length compared with the standard length were 84.87 ± 4.87 %, 85.64 ± 4.47 %, 82.29 ± 6.18 %, 77.99 ± 4.98 %, 74.02 ± 3.27 % at yolk sac, preflexion, flexion, post- flexion and juvenile stages, respectively. There was a strong linear relationship between the gut length and standard length (R2 = 0.97). This is the first report on morphological changes of gut and its development of T. ilisha larvae, which might be very useful information for aquaculture development of T. ilisha

Volumetric properties and leaching effect of asphalt mixes with electric arc furnace steel slag and copper mine tailings

This study focuses on the potential of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag and copper mine tailings as asphalt paving materials with respect to issues of volumetric properties and leaching. In this study, four different asphalt mixes were investigated; each contained EAF steel slag and copper mine tailings of various proportions. Apart from the microstructure analysis of the materials, a toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test was conducted on both the mixes and the aggregates. All the mixes were evaluated by the following parameters: Voids in the mineral aggregates (VMA), voids in total mix (VTM), voids filled with asphalt (VFA), Marshall stability and flow and specific gravity. F-test ANNOVA was used to evaluate the degree of significance of the mixes with each of the evaluated standards. It was observed that the mixes containing either EAF steel slag or copper mine tailings or both gave better results than the control mix. In terms of the TCLP test, none of the detected hazardous elements exceeded the standard limits, which indicates the possibility of using them as construction materials

Education effects on cognitive function in a healthy aged Arab population

Abstract Background-The Minimental State Examination (MMSE) has not been validated in Arabic speaking populations. The Brookdale Cognitive Screening Test (BCST) has been developed for use in low schooling populations. We investigated the influence of gender, education and occupation in a cognitively normal community sample assessed with an Arabic translation of the MMSE and the BCST

Development of wireless passive water quality catchment monitoring system

To maintain the quality of aquatic ecosystems, good water quality is needed. The quality of water needs to be tracked in real-time for environmental protection and tracking pollution sources. This paper aims to describe the development and data acquired for water catchment quality monitoring by using a passive system which includes location tagging. Wireless Passive Water Quality Catchment Monitoring (WPWQCM) System is used to check and monitor water quality continuously. The condition of water in terms of acidity, temperature and light intensity needs to be monitored. WPWQCM System featured four sensors which are a temperature sensor, light intensity sensor, pH sensor and GPS tracker that will float in water to collect the data. GPS tracker on passive water catchment monitoring system is a new feature in the system where the location of water can be identified. With the extra feature, water quality can be mapped and in the future, the source of disturbance can be determined. UMP Lake was chosen to check and monitor the water quality. The system used wireless communication by using XBee Pro as a medium of communication between CT-Uno board and PC