Scalars, Vectors and Tensors from Metric-Affine Gravity

The metric-affine gravity provides a useful framework for analyzing gravitational dynamics since it treats metric tensor and affine connection as fundamentally independent variables. In this work, we show that, a metric-affine gravity theory composed of the invariants formed from non-metricity, torsion and curvature tensors can be decomposed into a theory of scalar, vector and tensor fields. These fields are natural candidates for the ones needed by various cosmological and other phenomena. Indeed, we show that the model accommodates TeVeS gravity (relativistic modified gravity theory), vector inflation, and aether-like models. Detailed analyses of these and other phenomena can lead to a standard metric-affine gravity model encoding scalars, vectors and tensors.Comment: 13 p

Asimetrik ve simetrik marjinal dağılımlarda çok değişkenli normallik

Çok değişkenli normalliğin sınanmasında farklı yöntemler geliştirilmiş olmakla birlikte Mardia'nın çoklu asimetri ve basıklık ölçülerine göre ileri sürdüğü test istatistiği, halen en sık kullanılan ve güçlü yöntemdir. Çalışmanın amacı, çok değişkenli normal dağılımın sınanabilmesi için uygun bir örnek hacmini belirlemektir

Weekly cases of selected notifiable diseases ( 65 1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases, United States and U.S. territories, week ending October 13, 2018 (WEEK 41). TABLE 2i, Hepatitis C

2018-41-table2I-H.pdfHepatitis (viral, acute), by type \ua7 (Continued): C confirmed, C probable2018743

Comparison of diffusion weighted mri parameters of mediastinal lymph nodes with pet/ct in lung cancer patients | Akciğer kanserli hastalarda mediastinal lenf nodlarının difüzyon ağırlıklı MRG ile değerlendirilmesive PET/BT ile karşılaştırılması

Objective: We have compared diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) properties of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings. Patients and Methods: Twenty-one consecutive untreated patients with lung cancer were included. DW-MRI was performed on a 1,5T scanner with b values of 50, 500 and 1000. Additional MR imaging was performed for anatomical correlation. Results: A total of 47 lymph nodes were analyzed. While no correlation was found between minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (ADCmin) of lymph nodes and their maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on PET/CT, ADCmin ratios of lymph nodes to main lesion (ADCmin Node/Lesion) (r = - 0.407; p = 0.005) and lymph node to cerebrospinal fluid (ADCmin Node/CSF) (r = - 0.364; p = 0.012) were correlated with SUVmax. Cutoff values for DW-MRI parameters were determined using ROC analysis. Six lymph nodes were histopathologically examined. Both methods correctly identified one metastatic and two metastasis negative lymph nodes, while staging one lymph node with granulomatous change as metastasis positive. Two metastasis negative lymph nodes, reported as suspicious on PET/CT, were correctly staged on DW-MRI. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DW-MRI could be at least as valuable as PET/CT in mediastinal staging of patients with lung cancer.ABSTRACTObjective: We have compared diffusion-weighted magneticresonance imaging (DW-MRI) properties of mediastinal lymphnodes in lung cancer patients with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings.Patients and Methods: Twenty-one consecutive untreatedpatients with lung cancer were included. DW-MRI was performedon a 1,5T scanner with b values of 50, 500 and 1000. AdditionalMR imaging was performed for anatomical correlation.Results: A total of 47 lymph nodes were analyzed. While nocorrelation was found between minimum apparent diffusioncoefficient (ADC) values (ADCmin) of lymph nodes and theirmaximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on PET/CT,ADCmin ratios of lymph nodes to main lesion (ADCmin Node/Lesion) (r = - 0.407; p = 0.005) and lymph node to cerebrospinalfluid (ADCmin Node/CSF) (r = - 0.364; p = 0.012) were correlatedwith SUVmax. Cutoff values for DW-MRI parameters weredetermined using ROC analysis. Six lymph nodes werehistopathologically examined. Both methods correctly identifiedone metastatic and two metastasis negative lymph nodes, whilestaging one lymph node with granulomatous change as metastasispositive. Two metastasis negative lymph nodes, reported assuspicious on PET/CT, were correctly staged on DW-MRI.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DW-MRI could be atleast as valuable as PET/CT in mediastinal staging of patients withlung cancer

Importance of screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-λ1, IL-6 and anti-S1 IgG levels

Cytokine storm is an important cause of death in COVID-19 patients. A recent clinical study showed that administration of recombinant interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1 or IL-29) may prevent severe COVID-19. On the other hand, IL-6 has been associated as a prognostic marker of worsening for COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study is to screen IFN-λ1, IL-6 and antibody levels in consecutive serum sample sets of COVID-19 patients. A total of 365 serum samples collected from 208 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed for IFN-λ1 and IL-6 levels as well as SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-S1 IgG antibodies. Analyses of serum samples for cytokine levels showed that IFN-λ1 (>8 pg/mL) and IL-6 (>2 pg/mL) were detected in approximately 64% and 21% patients, respectively. A decrement in IFN-λ1 levels and IL-6 levels above 35 pg/mL can be sign of clinical severity and upcoming dead. An increment in IL-6 levels wasn't detected in every COVID-19 patient but a decrement in IL-6 levels was related to clinical improvement. Importantly, the detection of IFN-λ1 level together with an increase in anti-S1 IgG antibody response were observed in clinically improved patients. Screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-λ1, IL-6, and anti-S1 IgG antibody levels during their hospital stay especially in intensive care units may be beneficial to monitor the clinical status and management of treatment strategies. Importantly, detection of IFN-λ1 together with protective IgG antibody response can be an indication of clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 patients and these patients may be discharged from the hospital soon. © 2023 Elsevier LtdThis study was partly supported by the grant from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK; https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/) (Grant No: 18AG020) to EK and ŞT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We sincerely appreciate the encouragement and support from Prof. Hasan Mandal.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK: 18AG02