Study of the Active Compound in the Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L.

This study appears of the major volatile compounds in the essential oil of myrtle leaves because of its significant medical and economic benefits. The essential oil composition of Myrtus communis leaves during its flowering stage was determined. six volatile compounds were identified in leaves essential oils, α-Pinene 308 µg/ml, linalool (23.83 µg/ml), Eucalyptol or 1,8-cineole (41.46 µg/ml), Limonene (45.22 µg/ml), α-terpineol (41.73 µg/ml), Geranyl acetate (18.28 µg/ml) were the main monoterpene compounds. α-Pinene was Represents the bulk of the other compounds in the myrtle leave Keywords: Myrtus communis L., myrtle, flowering stage, essential oil, chemical compounds

Towards Robust and Unconstrained Full Range of Rotation Head Pose Estimation

Estimating the head pose of a person is a crucial problem for numerous applications that is yet mainly addressed as a subtask of frontal pose prediction. We present a novel method for unconstrained end-to-end head pose estimation to tackle the challenging task of full range of orientation head pose prediction. We address the issue of ambiguous rotation labels by introducing the rotation matrix formalism for our ground truth data and propose a continuous 6D rotation matrix representation for efficient and robust direct regression. This allows to efficiently learn full rotation appearance and to overcome the limitations of the current state-of-the-art. Together with new accumulated training data that provides full head pose rotation data and a geodesic loss approach for stable learning, we design an advanced model that is able to predict an extended range of head orientations. An extensive evaluation on public datasets demonstrates that our method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in an efficient and robust manner, while its advanced prediction range allows the expansion of the application area. We open-source our training and testing code along with our trained models: https://github.com/thohemp/6DRepNet360

Mischen von zwei vollständig mischbaren Flüssigkeiten mit großen Viskositäts- und Dichte-Unterschieden in Semi-Batch- und Batch-Reaktoren - CFD Simulationen und Experimente

The mixing behavior of two liquids with different viscosities and different densities is investigated experimentally in a glass SBR and BR as well as by CFD simulation. With a torque method, the mixture viscosity ηm(t) of ethanol and glycerol is measured as a function of time. From mη (t) it is determined the mixing time tm at which the mixture viscosity begins to remain constant. In addition the mixing time tm is measured directly by a decolorisation method using the iodine sodium thiosulfate reaction. The dynamic mixing behavior of the ethanol and glycerol mixtures in a SBR and a BR is analysed by video visualisation of the flow field with a light cut procedure. In a BR a pan cake effect of an ethanol layer is observed. The definition of mixing, the scales of mixing, some important mixing characteristics and overview of types of stirrers as well as some essentials of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are discussed within the theoretical background given in this work. For a quantitative description of the measured dynamic mixing behaviour of ethanol and glycerol, a CFD simulation is carried out by using the Ansys CFX-10 tool. The used models are an isothermal, multiphase, multicomponent, modified algebraic slip model and the following submodels: A homogeneous standard free surface flow model for air/liquid interface, a sliding mesh model and a laminar buoyant flow model for the liquid mixture. With Ansys ICEM CFD 5.1 an unstructured mesh with tetrahedron cells is used. It is found that the computational time of simulation (CPU time) can be reduced from 20 to 2 days if the number of tetrahedron cells will be reduced from 600,000 to 26,000. Then the cell size increases from 0.001 m to 0.015 m, without remarkable change in the calculated results. From the CFD simulations with a half geometry in a SBR, it is found that the mesh refinement at the interface between the mixture phase and the air changes from 0.015 m to 0.00375 m gives a sharper interface and better resolution. When the dosage time for ethanol increases from 1 s to 5 s and the inlet tube diameter increases from 0.023 m to 0.05 m, the mixing time increases with a factor of 2. When the velocity of the anchor impeller increases from 25 rpm to 400 rpm, then the mixing time decreases with a factor of 6. The stirrer velocity has a greater effect on the secondary axial flow than on the primary tangential flow. When the width of the horizontal blade of the anchor impeller increases from 0.012 m to 0.015 m the mixing time decreases with a factor of 2. The effect of different mixture ratios of glycerol and ethanol on the flow field is studied in a BR. It is predicted from the CFD simulation of the flow field that pure ethanol shows mainly axial flow with no circulations in the domain between the shaft and anchor impeller. A secondary flow with an axial circulation is predicted behind (down stream) the rotating anchor impeller in the case of the mixing of pure glycerol or of ethanol/glycerol. From the CFD simulations with a full geometry it is derived a new method to determine the mixing time tm, by calculation the ethanol mass fraction in a SBR and a BR at nine different positions as a function of time. The mixing time and a homogeneous mixture are obtained when the ethanol mass fractions are constant at all nine positions. It is found that the ethanol mass fraction near the stirrer reaches a constant value earlier than that near the shaft of the stirrer. The new developed modified algebraic slip model (MASM) which includes the ethanol droplets break up dp(t) as a function of time t by modeling with a validated step function, gives the real mixing behaviour, i.e. ηm(t) and mixing times tm in a good agreement with the experimental results in a SBR and a BR. Also the prolongation of the mixing time tm by a factor of 1.5 caused by the pan cake effect is predicted by the MASM. The often used algebraic slip model (ASM) and transport model (TRM) give an unrealistic prediction of the experimental mixing behavior in the case of ethanol and glycerol

A REVIEW OF CURRENT NURSING PRACTICE AND EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES IN ENTERAL NUTRITION IN THE CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT

Objectives: to provide an overview of evidence-based guidelines regarding some clinical practices related to enteral nutrition along with nursing adherence to these guidelines in the critically ill. Background: evidence-based guidelines for enteral nutrition curtailing the incidence of complications through managing gastric residual volumes, minimizing feeding interruption/under-feeding, confirming tube placement and preventing feeding system contamination. Design: an integrative literature review was employed to include various quantitative methodologies; however, RCTs predominated. Methods: electronic searching of CINAHL, Medline and Cochrane Library databases between 1995- 2011. Of 599 retrieved studies, 87 were included in the review. Results: The studies showed an inadequacy in nursing adherence to enteral nutrition evidence-based. Gastric residual volume should be strictly controlled using prokinetic agents, appropriate head of bed elevation and proper endo-tracheal tube cuff pressure. Feeding interruption should be avoided whenever is possible and an intentional increase to feeding rates/volumes are recommended to avoid under-feeding. X-ray and pH methods of confirming tube placement are more reliable and superior to capnometry and auscultatory methods. Feeding system hanging time should not exceed four consecutive days to prevent infection by endogenous source in addition to delivering formulae at closer body core temperature. Conclusion: evidence-based protocols should be employed effectively and consistently to eradicate discrepancies in nursing practice. Relevance to clinical practice: this paper highlights nursing role in prohibiting the majority of enteral nutrition complications through adhering to evidence-based guidelines

A comparative analysis for adopting an innovative pedagogical approach of flipped teaching for active classroom learning

Active learning is a way of education that imparts the responsibility of learning on learners. Active learning pedagogies ranging from simple lectures to structured pedagogies can be applied to online or face-to-face environments or in a combination of both. Multiple studies have shown that active learning can be done by flipped teaching which improves students understanding and retention of information. The flipped classroom approach, with its prime focus on active learning, attempts to address the concerns of academic staff and helps to meet the expectations of students for practical exposure. On contrary to the traditional pattern of teaching using conventional classrooms and other e-learning methods, the flipped classrooms is a form of blended learning in which students first learn the content online by watching video lectures, usually at home, and do the homework in a class by discussing it with their teachers and colleagues. This approach allows having the most personalized interaction of the teacher with students. Flipped classrooms have started to become common on many university campuses. Despite the growing number of flipped courses, however, quantitative information on their effectiveness remains sparse because of very less number of researchers on it. This paper, therefore, investigates the various major aspects of flipped technology to explore the effectiveness of a flipped classroom model on student’s performance and ease of use. The paper also presents a research of comparing traditional class that engages students in some learning to a flipped classroom that creates more time for active learning using PAPRIKA technique of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). A group of students and teachers undergone through the different approaches to teaching have been evaluated for various attributes to determine the overall utility of Flipped teaching

An analytical survey on implementing best practices for introducing e-learning programs to students

Today, a need has risen to reduce paper both to become “green” and to save costs.Shifting to an online course, to expand, the number of students who are participating in online courses and programs with significant global reach continues to increase dramatically.However, many studies showed that the failed retention rates for students of online institutions are bit higher than traditional classroom environments. This calls for analysing the current practices in the use of contents in online courses to improve e-learning student persistence.This is a conceptual paper sharing the specific best practice examples, observations, and outcomes from some leading universities, based on surveys of existing methodologies and practical experience. Special emphasis placed on current and future trends in effective online pedagogy. This paper identifies the best practices for introducing the students to e-learning experience in an analytical manner.The paper also analyses the various attributes of best practices in Elearning using Fuzzy AHP method of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method.The Fuzzy AHP involves several steps which include the setting of evaluation criteria and their weights, and evaluation of the E-learning technique as compared to the traditional learning technique for identifying the effect on response rates for different aspects of quality and time in order to explore the real worth in the use of e-learning. This paper shows that all the attributes behave comparable very well in the case of E-learning as compared to the traditional method.The analysis of our criteria which are essential for any effective learning demonstrated that the E-learning methods have good potential to grow

Molecular epidemiology and genotype distribution of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Arab women in the state of Qatar

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the major cause of cervical cancer worldwide. With limited data available on HPV prevalence in the Arab countries, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in the State of Qatar. Methods: 3008 cervical samples, exclusively of women with Arabic origin residing in Qatar were collected from the Women’s Hospital and Primary Health Care Corporation in Doha, State of Qatar. HPV DNA detection was done using GP5+/6+ primers based real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay followed by the usage of HPV type specific primers based RT- PCR reactions and Sanger sequencing for genotype identification. Results: Similar prevalence rates of HPV infection was identified in both Qatari and non-Qatari women at 6.2% and 5.9% respectively. HPV prevalence rate of 5.8% and 18.4% was identified in women with normal cytology and in women with abnormal cytology respectively. HPV 81, 11 and 16, in decreasing order were the most commonly identified genotypes. HPV 81 was the most frequent low-risk genotype among women with both normal (74.0%) and abnormal (33.3%) cytology. HPV 16 (4.6%) was identified as the predominant high-risk HPV genotype among women with normal cytology and HPV 16, HPV 18, and HPV 56 (22.2% each) were the most common identified high-risk genotypes in women with abnormal cytology Conclusions: The overall HPV prevalence in Arab women in Qatar was identified as 6.1% with an increased HPV prevalence seen in women with abnormal cytology results and no significant trends seen with age. In contrast to Western countries, we report a varied genotypic profile of HPV with a high prevalence of low-risk HPV genotype 81 among the Arab women residing in Qatar.Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar; and by a grant from the Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP- 09-344-3-082)