Investigation of the Role of Plasticizers in Film-forming Coats for Protecting Cooled Meat

As a result of theoretical studies on problems of protection and prolongation of storage terms of meat, it was revealed, that one of promising directions is to use protecting coats, based on natural biopolymers.The topicality of this study is in studying film-forming coats, based on natural polysaccharides, because they have high mechanical indices, absence of a smell, taste and are subjected to biological destruction. For regulating mechanical properties, the composition of film-creating coats is added with plasticizers of different origins.The aim of this work is in describing characteristics of food films, based on carrageenan, sodium alginate and plasticizers of different origins.There were mechanical, rheological properties of protecting coats. The comparative characteristic of these properties, depending on an added plasticizer, was realized. The type and mechanisms of interaction of components of the film-forming coat and plasticizers were completely described. The viscosity of the film-forming coat with a plasticizer has less values comparing with other solutions. Adding plasticizers resulted in increasing the film elasticity, but at the same time some increase of the firmness was observed.Film-forming coats with adding a plasticizer had a higher limit of fluidity, so they were firmer than complex film-forming coats without a plasticizer. From the other side, deformation values of film-forming coats without adding a plasticizer were higher than ones of complex film-forming coats with adding a plasticizer, because they were firmer.The study of physical properties of developed film-forming coats, based on hydrocolloids, demonstrated that coats with a plasticizer have more gas permeability.According to the results, obtained at experiments it was established, that the film-forming coat, based on sodium alginate, carrageenan and glycerin, has best mechanical, physical and rheological indices

ЇСТІВНІ ПЛІВКИ І ПОКРИТТЯ, ЇХ РОЛЬ В ЯКОСТІ УПАКОВКИ

Edible films and coatings are thin layers of edible materials used in foods that play an important role in the storage, transportation and sales. They protect the product from damage, physical, chemical impacts and microbiological spoilage. Their use in the food industry, especially in the meat, characterized by a number of indicators such as cost, mechanical properties (flexibility, tensile breaking strength), optical properties (transparency, opacity) steam and gas permeability, structural resistance to microorganisms and organoleptic properties. This paper presents the latest advances in the development of film–forming coatings, namely the scope for reducing the infiltration of fat when cooked; in their use of bioactive compounds that provide additional features and extension of validity of foods.  Съедобные пленки и покрытия представляют собой тонкие слои съедобных материалов, применяемых на пищевых продуктах, которые играют важную роль в их хранении, транспортировке и реализации. Они защищают продукт от механических повреждений, физических, химических факторов воздействия, а также микробиологической порчи. Их использование в пищевой промышленности, особенно в мясной, характеризуется рядом показателей как стоимость, механические свойства (гибкость, растяжение, прочность на разрыв), оптические свойства (прозрачность, матовость), паро и газопроницаемость, структурная устойчивость к воздействию микроорганизмов, а также органолептические показатели.В данной работе представлены последние достижения в развитии пленкообразующих покрытий, а именно: в сферах применения для уменьшения проникновения жиров, при кулинарной обработке; в использовании их с биологически активными соединениями, которые предоставляют дополнительные функции, а также продления срока хранения пищевых продуктов.Їстівні плівки і покриття являють собою тонкі шари їстівних матеріалів, що застосовуються на харчових продуктах, які відіграють важливу роль в їх зберіганні, транспортуванні та реалізації. Вони захищають продукт від механічних пошкоджень, фізичних, хімічних факторів впливу, а також мікробіологічного псування. Їх використання в харчовій промисловості, а особливо в м'ясній, характеризується рядом показників таких як, вартість, механічні властивості (гнучкість, розтягування, міцність на розрив), оптичні властивості (прозорість, матовість), паро і газопроникність, структурна стійкість до впливу мікроорганізмів, а також органолептичні показники. В даній роботі представлені останні досягнення в розвитку плівкоутворюючих покриттів, а саме: в сферах застосування для зменшення проникнення жирів, при кулінарній обробці; в використанні їх з біологічно активними з’єднаннями, які надають додаткові функції, а також подовження строку придатності харчових продуктів. &nbsp

Development of professional-pedagogical focus of a teacher in vocational training

Nowadays, the requirements of the state and society for the training of a vocational education teacher have undergone significant changes and have indicated the need for highly educated competent specialists. The purpose of the article is to conduct a study to identify the development of professional-pedagogical focus of the teacher of vocational training in a pedagogical university. The essence of the professional-pedagogical focus in close interconnection with the professional competence of future graduates is revealed in the work. The analysis of scientific literature made it possible to identify the components of the studied trend: motivational, value, cognitive, reflective. The development of each component was considered in the process of preparing a teacher for vocational training at a pedagogical university. Students apply the obtained theoretical knowledge during the projects development, participation in games, discussions and solving case assignments. The project method is used as the most commonly used method in the professional focus development. To contribute to it students carry out a project in the course "Pedagogical technologies." The features of preparing students in these conditions are highlighted. The analysis showed that the methods used for the focus development help to achieve success in  interest creation as well as professional competence, further improvement of this process will achieve better results in preparation of a teacher of vocational training

The integration of financial and economic disciplines in the educational process of vocational education

The article deals with the integration of interdisciplinary issues of financial and economic disciplines in the educational process of Vocational Education. The basic contradictions that can be solved by an integrative structure are distinguished. The ways of the further integration within the educational process on the example of Nizhny Novgorod Automotive College are stated.peer-reviewe

Ethanol Modulates the VR-1 Variant Amiloride-insensitive Salt Taste Receptor. I. Effect on TRC Volume and Na+ Flux

The effect of ethanol on the amiloride- and benzamil (Bz)-insensitive salt taste receptor was investigated by the measurement of intracellular Na+ activity ([Na+]i) in polarized rat fungiform taste receptor cells (TRCs) using fluorescence imaging and by chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve recordings. CT responses were monitored during lingual stimulation with ethanol solutions containing NaCl or KCl. CT responses were recorded in the presence of Bz (a specific blocker of the epithelial Na+ channel [ENaC]) or the vanilloid receptor-1 (VR-1) antagonists capsazepine or SB-366791, which also block the Bz-insensitive salt taste receptor, a VR-1 variant. CT responses were recorded at 23°C or 42°C (a temperature at which the VR-1 variant salt taste receptor activity is maximally enhanced). In the absence of permeable cations, ethanol induced a transient decrease in TRC volume, and stimulating the tongue with ethanol solutions without added salt elicited only transient phasic CT responses that were insensitive to elevated temperature or SB-366791. Preshrinking TRCs in vivo with hypertonic mannitol (0.5 M) attenuated the magnitude of the phasic CT response, indicating that in the absence of mineral salts, transient phasic CT responses are related to the ethanol-induced osmotic shrinkage of TRCs. In the presence of mineral salts, ethanol increased the Bz-insensitive apical cation flux in TRCs without a change in cell volume, increased transepithelial electrical resistance across the tongue, and elicited CT responses that were similar to salt responses, consisting of both a transient phasic component and a sustained tonic component. Ethanol increased the Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response. This effect was further enhanced by elevating the temperature from 23°C to 42°C, and was blocked by SB-366791. We conclude that in the presence of mineral salts, ethanol modulates the Bz-insensitive VR-1 variant salt taste receptor

Intracellular pH Modulates Taste Receptor Cell Volume and the Phasic Part of the Chorda Tympani Response to Acids

The relationship between cell volume and the neural response to acidic stimuli was investigated by simultaneous measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) and cell volume in polarized fungiform taste receptor cells (TRCs) using 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) in vitro and by rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve recordings in vivo. CT responses to HCl and CO2 were recorded in the presence of 1 M mannitol and specific probes for filamentous (F) actin (phalloidin) and monomeric (G) actin (cytochalasin B) under lingual voltage clamp. Acidic stimuli reversibly decrease TRC pHi and cell volume. In isolated TRCs F-actin and G-actin were labeled with rhodamine phalloidin and bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease-1 conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488, respectively. A decrease in pHi shifted the equilibrium from F-actin to G-actin. Treatment with phalloidin or cytochalasin B attenuated the magnitude of the pHi-induced decrease in TRC volume. The phasic part of the CT response to HCl or CO2 was significantly decreased by preshrinking TRCs with hypertonic mannitol and lingual application of 1.2 mM phalloidin or 20 μM cytochalasin B with no effect on the tonic part of the CT response. In TRCs first treated with cytochalasin B, the decrease in the magnitude of the phasic response to acidic stimuli was reversed by phalloidin treatment. The pHi-induced decrease in TRC volume induced a flufenamic acid–sensitive nonselective basolateral cation conductance. Channel activity was enhanced at positive lingual clamp voltages. Lingual application of flufenamic acid decreased the magnitude of the phasic part of the CT response to HCl and CO2. Flufenamic acid and hypertonic mannitol were additive in inhibiting the phasic response. We conclude that a decrease in pHi induces TRC shrinkage through its effect on the actin cytoskeleton and activates a flufenamic acid–sensitive basolateral cation conductance that is involved in eliciting the phasic part of the CT response to acidic stimuli

Health saving technologies in physical training of students of higher education institutions

По мнению многих ученых, занимающихся мониторингом уровня физического здоровья студенческой молодежи, присутствует тревожная тенденция значительного ухудшения уровня здоровья студентов от курса к курсу. Исследовательские данные показывают, что молодой человек, приходя в вуз относительно здоровым человеком, покидает высшее учебное заведение, имея значительные отклонения в состоянии здоровья. По мнению авторов, исправить сложившуюся ситуацию могут современные здоровьесберегающие технологии, внедренные в образовательную деятельность вузовAccording to many scientists who are engaged in monitoring of level of physical health of student's youth, there is a disturbing tendency of considerable deterioration of level of health of students from a course to a course. Research data show that the young man, coming to higher education institution rather healthy person, leaves a higher educational institution, having considerable deviations in a state of health. According to authors, the modern health saving technologies introduced in educational activity of higher education institutions can correct current situatio

ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ РЕКОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ ОПЕРАТИВНЫХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ. ОПИСАНИЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ

Introduction. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding the management of breast cancer patients with implant-associated infections. Some studies clearly recommend their removal and surgical debridement with consecutive antimicrobial treatment, while others prefer long-term antibacterial therapy (at least 1 month) with the effectiveness of such conservative approach of 36–73 %.Case description. A 43-year-old patient suffering from brca1-positive right breast cancer t2n0m0 (invasive carcinoma of non-specific type g3, er – 8, pgr – 0, her-2/neu – 0, ki67 (%) – less than 20 %), underwent radical skin-preserving mastectomy on the right with simultaneous implant reconstruction and preventive subcutaneous mastectomy on the left with simultaneous implant reconstruction. Peri-implant infection in the left breast was observed on the 21st day after surgery.Results. The patient received empirical therapy with cefepim. Microbiological examination of the punctate revealed the causative agent of infection – methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (1×105cfu/ml). Daptomycin 6 mg/kg/day was added to therapy. After 8 weeks, the patient received oral moxifloxacin 400 once daily, for another 3 weeks. A complete response was achieved. The patient has no signs of infection for 3 years.Conclusion. Long-term etiotropic antibacterial therapy with daptomycin followed by oral moxifloxacin resulted in a stable clinical effect.Актуальность. В настоящее время в мире нет единого мнения в отношении тактики ведения пациенток с раком молочной железы с имплант-ассоциированными инфекциями. В одних исследованиях однозначно рекомендованы их удаление и хирургическая санация c последующей антибактериальной терапией, в других – отдается предпочтение длительной антимикробной терапии (не менее 1 мес), при этом эффективность консервативного подхода достигает 36–73 %.Клинический случай. Пациентке 43 лет, страдающей BRCa1-положительным раком правой молочной железы t2n0M0 (инвазивная карцинома неспецифического типа G3, eR – 8, PgR – 0, Her-2/neu – 0, Ki67 (%) – менее 20 %), были выполнены радикальная кожесохранная мастэктомия справа с одномоментной реконструкцией имплантом и профилактическая подкожная мастэктомия слева с одномоментной реконструкцией имплантом. на 21-е сут после операции развилась инфекция в области импланта левой молочной железы.Результаты. Пациентке эмпирически была назначена терапия цефепимом. При микробиологическом исследовании пунктата был выявлен возбудитель инфекции – метициллин-резистентный золотистый стафилококк (MRSA) в количестве 1×105кОЕ/мл. к терапии был добавлен даптомицин 6 мг/кг/сут. Через 8 нед пациентка была переведена на пероральный моксифлоксацин 400 мг 1 раз в сут, который получала еще 3 нед. на фоне лечения был получен полный эффект. Больная без признаков инфекции в течение 3 лет.Заключение. Длительная этиотропная антибактериальная терапия с использованием даптомицина с переходом на пероральный моксифлоксацин позволила получить стойкий клинический эффект и своевременно провести адъювантное противоопухолевое лечение