1,305 research outputs found
Transfer in Implicit Learning
The article describes the research, the aim of which is to discover the effect of transfer of the implicit knowledge of artificial grammar to solving of sensory-motor tasks. The article considers the role of implicit knowledge in actual cognitive activity. Forty volunteers took part in the experiment. Participants of the experiment wereimplicitly taught the rule of artificial grammar. At the control phase, the assignment consisted of solving the sensory-motor problem β to react to the appearance of the green or yellow circle by pressing a certain key. In the experimental group, the grammatical line always appeared before the green-colored circle was presented, and the ungrammatical line appeared before the yellow-colored circle. In the control group the color of the circle didnβt depend on the grammaticality of the line. As a result, we established the considerable reduction in the reaction time in the experimental group. Thus, the transfer of the implicitly learned knowledge of artificial grammar leads to enhancement of efficiency of sensory-motor activity. The implicit rule of artificialgrammar has acquired role of prime-stimulation.
Keywords: implicit knowledge, implicit learning, artificial grammar learning, sensorymotor activity, transfer effect, primin
The course of experimental staphylococcus infection in albino mice during action of certain factors of space flight
A study was made of the effect of certain factors of space flight, acceleration and hypokinesia, on the course of experimental staphylococcus infection in mice. Combined action of hypokinesia and acceleration caused a marked depression of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and formation of a considerable amount of alpha toxin
Temperature dependence of self-trapped exciton luminescence in nanostructured hafnia powder
The intrinsic optical properties and peculiarities of the energy structure of
hafnium dioxide largely determine the prospects for applying the latter in new
generation devices of optoelectronics and nanoelectronics. In this work, we
have studied the diffuse reflectance spectra at room temperature for a
nominally pure nanostructured powder with a monoclinic crystal
structure and, as well its photoluminescence in the temperature range of 40 -
300 K. We have also estimated the bandgap under the assumption made for
indirect (5.31 eV) and direct (5.61 eV) allowed transitions. We have detected
emission with a 4.2 eV maximum at T < 200 K and conducted an analysis of the
experimental dependencies to evaluate the activation energies of thermal
quenching (140 meV) and enhancement (3 meV) processes. Accounting for both the
temperature behavior of the spectral characteristics and the estimation of the
Huang-Rhys factor S >> 1 has shown that radiative decay of self-trapped
excitons forms the mechanism of the indicated emission. In this case, the
localization is mainly due to the interaction of holes with active vibrational
modes of oxygen atoms in non-equivalent ( and ) crystal
positions. Thorough study of the discussed excitonic effects can advance
development of hafnia-based structures with a controlled optical response.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 56 references. Keywords: hafnium
dioxide, self-trapped exciton, F-center, thermal quenching of luminescence,
luminescence enhacement, Huang-Rhys factor, effective phonon energy, bandgap
widt
Mutual Fund Theorem for continuous time markets with random coefficients
We study the optimal investment problem for a continuous time incomplete
market model such that the risk-free rate, the appreciation rates and the
volatility of the stocks are all random; they are assumed to be independent
from the driving Brownian motion, and they are supposed to be currently
observable. It is shown that some weakened version of Mutual Fund Theorem holds
for this market for general class of utilities; more precisely, it is shown
that the supremum of expected utilities can be achieved on a sequence of
strategies with a certain distribution of risky assets that does not depend on
risk preferences described by different utilities.Comment: 17 page
A Chebyshev minimax technique oriented to aerospace trajectory optimization problems.
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76822/1/AIAA-6604-910.pd
Developing Studentsβ Skills of Identifying Reliable Scientific Sources: The Role of a Librarian
Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to provide modes of teaching Russian undergraduate students fundamental critical analysis of scientifc papers and ways of identifying misinformation and disinformation in βAcademic Writingβ discipline. design/methodology/approach. βAcademic Writingβ discipline was taught to frst-year undergraduate students by scientifc library experts. At a starting period students were asked to complete a questionnaire and perform a test, and then write an essay to identify how students were able to assess Web scientifc literature and verify their βtoleranceβ to inaccurate and fake scientifc information. Then contact hours on theory and practice of identifying and assessing information were introduced into the curriculum. At the end of the semester lists of works cited in original essays and fnal assays were compared.Findings. The fndings reveal that entirely all frst year undergraduate students lack the ability to diο¬erentiate between qualitative certain scientifc information and misinformation and disinformation, and they willingly borrow anything from the Web. However, students acquired necessary skills to assess information critically using socio-technical systems infrastructures.This was demonstrated with list of literature analysis in studentsβ essays and peer-checking. originality. It is headline news and social networks when it is necessary to distinguish from authentic and inaccurate information. However, skills of critical assessment of scientifc publications are of vital importance at a starting period of studies. In publications of that sort falsifcations, fabrications and other fake discoveries can lead to reputational and fnancial risks, and then trigger unethical demeanour of future researchers. It is qualifed librarians being experts in electronic resources and data based use who are able to get students to βdigital hygieneβ.Practical implications. The results of the paper can be used for teaching in university curriculum. Embedding information literacy and academic writing as well as involving information resources into studentsβ curriculum are aimed at the ability to identify misinformation and disinformation. Librarian-developed βAcademic writingβ discipline component might be introduced into curriculum as a self-contained short course or a composing element of any studentsβ academic discipline. All this mitigate the risks of applying low-equality, unverifed and openly fake information in educational and scientifc works
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Sparganium Γ longifolium (Typhaceae) Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The increasing impact of anthropogenic factors and climate change affect the growth of a number of taxa of hybrid nature. These taxa are widespread among various taxonomic groups of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. The genus Sparganium L. Π is not an exception. In that regard, the aim of this study is to conduct biomorphological investigation of Sparganium Γ longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb., evaluate qualitative and quantitative criteria for the hybrid similarities and differences with its parental species, as well as to analyze data on its habitat characteristics. Samples were collected in 2014β2016 from waterbodies in European Russia (Tver and Yaroslavl oblasts). In the study on biomorphology of S. Γ longifolium we used live and fixed materials, as well as herbarium funds of IBIW, MXA and MW. To establish and specify taxonomic features of the hybrid under study, indicating to its similarity with a certain ancestral species, our data on the morphology and ecology of S. emersum Rehm. and S. gramineum Georgi. are used. During field studies, the type of water object where the hybrid was detected, ecological characteristics of its habitat (type of soil, depth, water temperature and pH) are determined; the list of taxa which enter into the cenosis composition is compiled. The biomorphological investigation of S. Γ longifolium shows that by life form this hybrid, as well as its parental species, is a vegetative-mobile evidently-polycentric annual or biennial plant of vegetative origin with a racemose root system. The following should be attributed to the characteristic features justifying the hybrid origin of S. Γ longifolium: 1) a wider, slightly carinated lamina (as in S. emersum); 2) a branched inflorescence (as in S. gramineum); 3) the lower covering leaf of inflorescence, often exceeding the total length of the latter; 4) fruits with a straight (as in S. emersum) as well as bent (as in S. gramineum) style. Interestingly, some populations of S. Γ longifolium are rich in terate forms that can be explained by back crossing with one of the parental species or pleiotropic mutation(s). It is established that S. Γ longifolium is not widespread in European Russia, is a typically freshwater species, occurring in the littoral zone of mesotrophic and dystrophic waterbodies (usually in lakes of glacier origin). At present, its appearance in lake ecosystems is due to accelerated eutrophication caused by increasing human activities. Perhaps earlier this hybrid formation occurred in peripheral zones of the range of S. gramineum under cyclic climate changes. Observations suggest that S. Γ longifolium exceeds S. gramineum in ecological potential. At the same time, habitat features of the latter have an effect on the hybridβs distribution potential (limitation of habitat spectrum), which is hardly exceeds S. emersum in its ecological and coenotic characteristics. 154
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Sparangium Γ longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb. (S. emersum Rehm. Γ S. gramineum Georgi). ΠΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ S. Γ longifolium, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ S. Γ longifolium, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ: 1) Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠ»Π΅Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ S. emersum); 2) Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ S. gramineum); 3) Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ; 4) Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ S. emersum), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π½ΡΡΡΠΌ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ S. gramineum) ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ S. Γ longifolium ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ(ΠΉ) Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ S. Γ longifolium β ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ). ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° S. gramineum ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΒ» Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΄ Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ S. emersum. 
Single and molecular ion irradiation-induced effects in GaN : experiment and cumulative MD simulations
An investigation of mechanisms of enhancement of irradiation-induced damage formation in GaN under molecular in comparison to monatomic ion bombardment is presented. Ion-implantation-induced effects in wurtzite GaN bombarded with 0.6 keV amu(-1) F, P, PF2, PF4, and Ag ions at room temperature are studied experimentally and by cumulative MD simulation in the correct irradiation conditions. In the low dose regime, damage formation is correlated with a reduction in photoluminescence decay time, whereas in the high dose regime, it is associated with the thickness of the amorphous/disordered layer formed at the sample surface. In all the cases studied, a shift to molecular ion irradiation from bombardment by its monatomic constituents enhances the damage accumulation rate. Implantation of a heavy Ag ion, having approximately the same mass as the PF4 molecule, is less effective in surface damage formation, but leads to noticeably higher damage accumulation in the bulk. The cumulative MD simulations do not reveal any significant difference in the total amount of both point defects and small defect clusters produced by light monatomic and molecular ions. On the other hand, increased production of large defect clusters by molecular PF4 ions is clearly seen in the vicinity of the surface. Ag ions produce almost the same number of small, but more large defect clusters compared to the others. These findings show that the higher probability of formation of large defect clusters is important mechanism of the enhancement of stable damage formation in GaN under molecular, as well as under heavy monatomic ion irradiation.Peer reviewe
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