Estimation du stock de carbone dans les faciès arborés et arbustifs des savanes soudano-guinéennes de Ngaoundéré, Cameroun.

Une des conséquences environnementales de la dégradation forestière est la perte de carbone, qui à son tour contribue indirectement au changement climatique. Dans la perspective d\'évaluer la contribution des savanes de l\'Adamaoua dans le changement climatique, une étude portant sur l\'estimation de stock du carbone a été menée dans les faciès arbustifs et arborés. La quantité de carbone a été estimée dans des parcelles carrées de 100 m2 pour les arbres et les arbustes, de 1 m2 pour le sous-bois et de 0,0625 m2 pour les racines et le sol. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complètement randomisé à trois répétitions. Les types de savanes sont des traitements principaux et les parcelles les répétitions. Les résultats montrent que la quantité totale de carbone est de l\'ordre de 81,48 et 118,36 tC/ha respectivement pour la savane arbustive et arborée. Dans la savane arborée, l\'essentiel de carbone est stocké dans la phytomasse des arbres (65,30 tC/ha) et dans le sol (48,37 tC/ha); la contribution des arbustes (3,83t/ha) des herbacées (0,30t/ha), des racines (1,96 tC/ha) et des litières (1,88 tC/ha) est faible, moins de 5% de carbone totale. Par contre, dans la savane arbustive, le sol constitue le principal réservoir de carbone (74,35 tC/ha). Les autres composantes à savoir les arbustes (0,66 tC/ha), les herbacées (3,15 tCha), les racines (1,98 tC/ha) et les litières (1,34 tC/ha) ont une contribution très faible, moins de 9% de la quantité totale de carbone. Les différences observées entre la savane arborée et arbustive sont dues en grande partie à la différence de leur structure et de leur composition floristique. Ces résultats préliminaires contribuent à la compréhension de l\'impact des conversions des savanes sur le changement climatique. Ceci permettra une prise de décision dans la gestion durable des savanes et la protection de l\'environnement.One of the environmental consequences of the modification of savannas is a carbon loss which in turn contributes indirectly to global climate change. In order to evaluate contribution of Adamawa savannas in global climate change, a study on the sequestration of carbon was conducted both in a shrubby and woody savannas of Ngaoundere. The quantity of carbon was estimated in a square plot of 100 m2 for the trees and shrubs, of 1m2 for grass and 0.0625 m2 for the roots and the soils. The experimental design is a randomized complete block with three replicates. The type of savannas are main treatment whereas the plots are replicates. The results show that the total average of carbon is about 81.48 tC/ha in shrubby savannas and 118.36 tC/ha in woody savannas. In the woody savannas, the essential of carbon was stored in the trees (65.30 tC/ha) and in the soil (48.37 tC/ha). Whereas in the shrubby savannas, it is based on in the soil. The contribution of shrubs and grass (0.78 tC/ha), roots (1.96 tC/ha) and litters (1.88 tC/ha) is less than 5% of the global quantity of carbon. Shrubby savannas soil appears to be the main carbon tank (74.35 tC/ha). The other components of shrubby savannas as shrubs, grass, litters and roots contributed for less than 9% in the total amount of carbon. The differences noticed between the type of savannas are due to their floristic structure et composition. These preliminary results contribute to the understanding impacts of savannas conversion to global climate change. This would allow to make decision in sustainable management of savannas and environment protection. Keywords: Phytomass, Carbon storage, soudano-guinea savannas, Ngaoundere, CameroonCameroon Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 4 (1) 2008: pp. 1-1

PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TRIMULYO GENUK SEMARANG MENGENAI BANTUAN HUKUM SECARA CUMA-CUMA

Pemberian bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma saat ini telah diatur pada Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum dengan pertimbangan bahwa negara menjamin hak konstitusional setiap orang untuk mendapatkan pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum sebagai sarana perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma sebagai wujud nyata kehadiran negara sebagai bentuk pertanggung jawaban terhadap pemberian bantuan hukum bagi orang miskin sebagai perwujudan akses terhadap keadilan. Dalam hal pemberian bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma diselenggarakan dalam rangka mewujudkan keadilan sekaligus berorientasikan kepada terwujudnya keadilan sosial yang berkeadilan. Selama ini banyak siswa yang belum mengetahui bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk peningkatan pemahaman Masyarakat Trimulyo Genuk Semarang mengenai bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dan tanya jawab secara langsung dan evaluasi dengan penyebaran quesioner sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilaksanakan. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan oleh tim pelaksana yang terdiri dari 1 (satu) orang ketua, dan 2 (dua) orang anggota. Tim pelaksana ini adalah para dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Semarang yang berkompeten dalam penguasaan materi mengenai bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma. Adapun hasil pengabdian yang mengambil tema hak-hak penyandang disabilitas ini berdasarkan rata-rata mengalami kenaikan sebesar 67,3%

O ensino de ciências e o currículo em ação de uma professora polivalente

O estudo do fenômeno de sala de aula torna-se importante à medida que permite refletir sobre alguns obstáculos e necessidades do trabalho docente. No caso da presente pesquisa, buscou-se compreender como uma professora polivalente com 20 anos de experiência colocou o currículo de Ciências em ação em uma classe de 4ª série do ensino fundamental em uma escola de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados ao longo do ano, por meio de vários instrumentos. Considerou-se a tarefa como unidade de análise e duas dimensões estruturantes do Ensino de Ciências foram utilizadas para a seleção das categorias de análise: a temática e a metodológica

Comparative Bioavailability Of Two Quetiapine Formulations In Healthy Volunteers After A Single Dose Administration

The study was performed to compare the bioavailability of two quetiapine 25 mg tablet formulations: the test formulation was quetiapine fumarate (kitapen®) manufactured by Cobalt Pharmaceuticals, Canada/ Arrow Farmacêutica Ltda* (Erowlabs). Seroquel® (quetiapine) from Astrazeneca Brazil was used as reference formulation. The study was conducted open with randomized two period crossover design and one week wash out period in 64 volunteers of both sexes. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48 hour interval. Quetiapine was analyzed by LC-MS-MS in the presence of quetiapine-D8 as internal standard. Plasma samples were obtained over a 48 hour interval. Quetiapine was analyzed by LC-MS-MS in the presence of quetiapine-D8 as internal standard. The mean ratio of parameters Cmax and AUC 0-t and 90% confidence intervals of correspondents were calculated to determine the bioequivalence. The means AUC 0-t for test and reference formulation were 432.41 ng.h/mL and 412.20 ng.h/mL, for AUC 0-∞ were 440.06 ng.h/mL and 418.90 ng.h/mL and, for Cmax 126.94 ng/mL and 108.71 ng/mL, respectively. Geometric mean of quetiapine (kitapen®)/Seroquel® 25 mg individual percent ratio was 97.68% AUC 0-t, 97.47% for AUC 0-∞ and 90.68% for C max. The 90% confidence intervals were 92.67 - 102.96%, 92.53 - 102.67%, 83.37 - 98.64%, respectively. Since the 90% confidence intervals for C max, AUC 0-t and AUC 0-∞ were within the 80 - 125% interval proposed by Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that quetiapine (kitapen®) 25 mg tablet was bioequivalent to Seroquel® 25 mg tablet according to both the rate and extent of absorption. © 2011 Junior EA, et al.38178181Barrett, B., Capek, H.M., Huclova, J., Borek-Dohalsky, V., Fejt, P., Validated HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of quetiapine in human plasma (2007) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 44, pp. 498-505DeVane, C.L., Nemeroff, C.B., Clinical Pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: An Atypical Antipsychotic (2001) Clinical Pharmacokinet, 40, pp. 509-522Kasper, S., Müller-Spahn, F., Review of quetiapine and its clinical applications in schizophrenia (2000) Expert Opin Pharmacother, 1, pp. 783-801Tilden, D., Aristides, M., Meddis, D., Burns, T., An economic assessment of quetiapine and haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia only partially responsive to conventional antipsychotics (2002) Clin Ther., 24, pp. 1648-1667Mario, A., Michael, E., The Role of Quetiapine Extended Release in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression (2010) Adv Ther, 27, pp. 1-11Keck, P., McIntyre, R., Shelton, R., Bipolar depression: Best practices for the outpatient (2007) CNS Spectr., 12, pp. 1-16Judd, L., Akishal, H., Schettler, P., The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry., 59, pp. 530-537Goldstein, J.M., Atypical antipsychotic drugs: Beyond acute psychosis, new directions (1999) Emerging Drugs, 4, pp. 127-151Abi-Dargham, A., Laruelle, M., Aghajanian, G.K., Charney, D., Krystal, J., The role of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia (1997) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 9, pp. 1-17Kapur, S., Remington, G., Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia (1996) Am J Psychiatry, 153, pp. 466-476Calabrese, J.R., Keck Jr., P.E., McFadden, W., Minkwitz, M., Ketter, T.A., Weisler, R.H., Cutler, A.J., Mullen, J., A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression (2005) Am J Psychiatry, 162, pp. 1351-1360Copolov, D.L., Kowalcyk, B., A multicentre, double-blind, randomized comparison of quetiapine and haloperidol in schizophrenia (2000) Psychol Med, 30, pp. 95-105Figueroa, C., Brecher, M., Hamer-Maansson, J., Pharmacokinetic profiles of extended release quetiapine fumarate compared with quetiapine immediate release (2009) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 33, pp. 199-204Goldstein, J.M., Litwin, L.C., Sutton, E.B., Malick, J.B., Seroquel: Electrophysiological profile of a potential atypical antipsychotic (1993) Psychopharmacology, 112, pp. 293-298Kasper, S., Tauscher, J., Küfferle, B., Barnas, C., Pezawas, L., Dopamine and serotonin-receptors in schizophrenia: Results of imaging-studies and implications for pharmacology in schizophrenia (1999) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 249, pp. 83-89Peuskens, J., A comparison of quetiapine and chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia (1997) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 96, pp. 265-273Saller, F., Salama, A.I., Seroquel: Biochemical profile of a potential atypical antipsychotic (1993) Psychopharmacology, 112, pp. 285-292Thase, M.E., McFadden, W., Weisler, R., Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar I and II depression: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2006) J Clin Psychopharmacol, 26, pp. 600-609Vieta, E., Mullen, J., Brecher, M., Paulsson, B., Jones, M., Quetiapine monotherapy for mania associated with bipolar disorder: Combined analysis of two international, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled studies (2005) Curr Med Res Opin, 21, pp. 923-93

PENERAPAN KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM MELINDUNGI KONSUMEN PADA PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI MELALUI E-COMMERCE

Klausula baku memiliki fungsi mempermudah serta mempercepat traksaksi yang dilakukan penjual dan pembeli baik secara konvensional maupun e-commerce. Dalam pelaksanaan transaksi yang menggunakan klausula baku penjual harus tetap memperhatikan hal-hal yang diperbolehkan undangundang guna tetap memberikan perlindungan terhadap konsumen sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 18 UUPK. Secara umum apabila terdapat perselisihan antara produsen dengan konsumen dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan jalur pengadilan/litigasi maupun diluar pengadilan/non litigasi. Penyelesaian sengketa produsen dengan konsumen diluar pengadilan dapat dilakukan secara mediasi , konsiliasi maupun arbitrase. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Pasal 44 dan 49 UUPK telah membentuk  LPKSM dan BPSK guna menyelesaikan sengketa produsen dengan konsumen, akan tetapi keberadaan LPKSM dan BPSK belum mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap konsumen hingga ke pengadilan

In Adolescents With Epilepsy, High Scores Of Anxiety And Depression Are Associated With Occurrence Of Seizures In Public Places.

Objective To assess depression and anxiety symptoms of adolescents with epilepsy compared with adolescents without epilepsy. Method The study sample consisted of: case participants (50 subjects) attending the pediatric epilepsy clinic of a tertiary hospital and control participants (51 subjects) from public schools. The instruments utilized were: identification card with demographic and epilepsy data, Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results No significant differences were founded between the groups regarding scores for depression and anxiety symptoms but both groups presented moderate scores of anxiety. A correlation was found between low scores anxiety and not frequent seizures, low scores anxiety and perception of seizure control, high scores of anxiety and depression and occurrence of seizures in public places. Conclusion Low scores of anxiety are associated with not frequent seizures; high scores of anxiety and depression are associated with occurrence of seizures in public places.73205-1

On the groove pressing of Ni-W alloy: microstructure, texture and mechanical properties evolution

International audienceThe microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the Ni-14%W(wt.%) alloy with two different initial grain sizes and textures were investigated after groove pressing (GP) at 450 °C to 4 cycles using Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) and microhardness measurements. The initial first series was characterized by small equiaxed grains and Cube dominant texture component. The second series has elongated grains and β-fiber texture. EBSD analysis has shown that GP processing led to a slight refinement (less than 15%) of equiaxed grains in series I while greater refinement (~55%) of the mean spacing along normal direction was observed in series II. The texture did not drastically change from the initial ones and was characterized by the weakening of the Cube component in series I and rapid decrease of Copper component for series II. GP processing reduces very slightly the plastic anisotropy of the alloy with initial elongated granular microstructure

[behavior Of Full Term Infants Small For Gestational Age In The First Three Months Of Life].

The objective was to compare the behavior of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA). The sample considered 20 infants in the 1st, 2nd and in the 3rd months of life. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with attention to items related to Behavior Rate Scale (BRS). It was found that SGA infants showed lower average values in the BRS in the 2nd month. The Motor Quality Factor displayed significantly lower average values in SGA group, in the items Gross-motor Movement Required by Tasks, Control of Movements and Hypertonicity. The Attention/Arousal Factor in the items Exploration of Objects/Surroundings and Orientation to Examiner displayed significantly lower average values in the SGA group.621046-5

Behavior of full term infants small for gestational age in the first three months of life

The objective was to compare the behavior of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA). The sample considered 20 infants in the 1st, 2nd and in the 3rd months of life. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with attention to items related to Behavior Rate Scale (BRS). It was found that SGA infants showed lower average values in the BRS in the 2nd month. The Motor Quality Factor displayed significantly lower average values in SGA group, in the items Gross-motor Movement Required by Tasks, Control of Movements and Hypertonicity. The Attention/Arousal Factor in the items Exploration of Objects/Surroundings and Orientation to Examiner displayed significantly lower average values in the SGA group.O objetivo foi comparar o comportamento de lactentes nascidos a termo com peso adequado (AIG) a lactantes pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG), no primeiro trimestre de vida. A amostra foi de 20 lactentes, avaliados no 1º, 2º e 3º meses. Foram utilizadas as Escalas Bayley de Desenvolvimento Infantil - II, com ênfase na Escala de Classificação do Comportamento (ECC). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no 2º mês, com maior número de lactentes PIG classificados como alterados na ECC. O Fator Qualidade Motora demonstrou valores da mediana significativamente menores no grupo PIG, nos itens Motricidade Axial, Controle de Movimentos e Hipertonia Muscular. O Fator Atenção/Vigília não mostrou diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, quando analisados os itens Exploração de Objetos e de Ambiente e Interação com o Examinador, houve diferença significativa no 2º mês, com valores da mediana menores no grupo PIG.1046105

Cr cluster characterization in Cu-Cr-Zr alloy after ECAP processing and aging using SANS and HAADF-STEM

International audienceThe precipitation of nano-sized Cr clusters was investigated in a commercial Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr (wt.%) alloy processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and subsequent aging at 550 °C for 4 hours using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The size and volume fraction of nano-sized Cr clusters were estimated using both techniques. These parameters assessed from SANS (d~3.2 nm, Fv~1.1 %) agreed reasonably with those from HAADF-STEM (d ~2.5 nm, Fv~2.3%). Besides nano-sized Cr clusters, HAADF-STEM technique evidenced the presence of rare cuboid and spheroid sub-micronic Cr particles about 380-620 nm mean size. Both techniques did not evidence the presence of intermetallic CuxZry phases within the aging conditions