Early diagenetic vivianite [Fe-3(PO4)(2) center dot 8H(2)O] in a contaminated freshwater sediment and insights into zinc uptake: a mu-EXAFS, mu-XANES and Raman study

The sediments in the Salford Quays, a heavily-modified urban water body, contain high levels of organic matter, Fe, Zn and nutrients as a result of past contaminant inputs. Vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2 · 8H2O] has been observed to have precipitated within these sediments during early diagenesis as a result of the release of Fe and P to porewaters. These mineral grains are small (<100 μm) and micron-scale analysis techniques (SEM, electron microprobe, μ-EXAFS, μ-XANES and Raman) have been applied in this study to obtain information upon the structure of this vivianite and the nature of Zn uptake in the mineral. Petrographic observations, and elemental, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of vivianite. EXAFS model fitting of the FeK-edge spectra for individual vivianite grains produces Fe–O and Fe–P co-ordination numbers and bond lengths consistent with previous structural studies of vivianite (4O atoms at 1.99–2.05 Å; 2P atoms at 3.17–3.25 Å). One analysed grain displays evidence of a significant Fe3+ component, which is interpreted to have resulted from oxidation during sample handling and/or analysis. EXAFS modelling of the Zn K-edge data, together with linear combination XANES fitting of model compounds, indicates that Zn may be incorporated into the crystal structure of vivianite (4O atoms at 1.97 Å; 2P atoms at 3.17 Å). Low levels of Zn sulphate or Zn-sorbed goethite are also indicated from linear combination XANES fitting and to a limited extent, the EXAFS fitting, the origin of which may either be an oxidation artifact or the inclusion of Zn sulphate into the vivianite grains during precipitation. This study confirms that early diagenetic vivianite may act as a sink for Zn, and potentially other contaminants (e.g. As) during its formation and, therefore, forms an important component of metal cycling in contaminated sediments and waters. Furthermore, for the case of Zn, the EXAFS fits for Zn phosphate suggest this uptake is structural and not via surface adsorption

Use of the gLite-WMS in CMS for production and analysis

The CMS experiment at LHC started using the Resource Broker (by the EDG and LCG projects) to submit Monte Carlo production and analysis jobs to distributed computing resources of the WLCG infrastructure over 6 years ago. Since 2006 the gLite Workload Management System (WMS) and Logging \& Bookkeeping (LB) are used. The interaction with the gLite-WMS/LB happens through the CMS production and analysis frameworks, respectively ProdAgent and CRAB, through a common component, BOSSLite. The important improvements recently made in the gLite-WMS/LB as well as in the CMS tools and the intrinsic independence of different WMS/LB instances allow CMS to reach the stability and scalability needed for LHC operations. In particular the use of a multi-threaded approach in BOSSLite allowed to increase the scalability of the systems significantly. In this work we present the operational set up of CMS production and analysis based on the gLite-WMS and the performances obtained in the past data challenges and in the daily Monte Carlo productions and user analysis usage in the experiment

Organisational participation and women - an attitude problem?

Employee participation is a dynamic and contested area of organisational behaviour, attracting continuing academic, practitioner and policy interest and debate. This chapter focuses on organisational participation and women

Carcinoma invasor, carcinoma in situ e hiperplasia epitelial ductal atípica: correlação dos achados histopatológicos entre mamotomia e cirurgia

OBJECTIVE: To compare the histopathological findings of carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia obtained with breast biopsy and the respective surgical procedures.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 527 breast biopsies were carried out at our services within an 18-month period. Out of these biopsies, 118 were diagnosed as carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia. Diagnosis was obtained with digital stereotactic breast biopsy. Patients presented asymptomatic, had subclinical lesions on mammographic screening, averaged 55 years of age, and were, in their majority, postmenopausal women.RESULTS: Out of the 118 patients who fulfilled our study criteria, we were able to establish a comparison with the histopathological findings of surgical biopsy in 73 cases (61,9%). There was a loss of follow up in 45 cases (38,1 %). The histopathological findings were compatible with those of breast biopsy in 60 cases (82%), both in relationto the type and histopathological grade of the lesion.CONCLUSIONS: Breast biopsy represents an important alternative to surgical biopsy for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. It is a rapid, easy to operate methodthat provides optimal results. In addition, its results presented a good rate of agreement with the histopathological findings of surgical biopsy. The quality of the collected material was considered satisfactory for the purpose of diagnosis.&nbsp;OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados histopatológicos de carcinoma e hiperplasia atípica obtidos através da mamotomia com os das respectivas biópsias cirúrgicas.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas nesta instituição 527 mamotomias em 18 meses. Destas, 118 tiveram diagnóstico de carcinoma in situ ou invasor e hiperplasia atípica, através da mamotomia guiada por estereotaxia digital. As pacientes eram assintomáticas, apresentando lesão subclínica ao rastreio mamográfico. A idade média destas pacientes era de 55 anos e a maioria encontrava-se na pós-menopausa.RESULTADOS: Das 118 pacientes que preencheram os critérios para este estudo, foi possível realizar a comparação com os resultados histopatológicos da biópsia cirúrgica em 73 casos (61,9%). Em 45 casos houve perda de follow up (38,1%). O laudo histopatológico pós-cirúrgico foi compatível com o da mamotomia em 60 casos (82%), tanto em relação ao tipo quanto ao grau histopatológico da lesão.CONCLUSÃO: A mamotomia tem representado uma importante alternativa à biópsia cirúrgica para o diagnóstico das lesões impalpáveis da mama. Trata-se de um método rápido, de fácil realização, com ótimos resultados, além de apresentar boa taxa de concordância com os resultados histopatológicos obtidos através da biópsia cirúrgica. A qualidade do material obtido tem sido considerada satisfatória para o diagnóstico

Microcellular Electrode Material for Microbial Bioelectrochemical Systems Synthesized by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass Derived Precursors

V.F. acknowledges a UQ Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Grant DP110100539. The authors acknowledge the facilities and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (The University of Queensland). The Ghent University Special Research Fund (BOF) is acknowledged for the postdoctoral grant of M.N.B

We Are Boiling: Management Scholars Speaking Out on COVID-19 and Social Justice

COVID-19 is the most immediate of several crises we face as human beings: crises that expose deeply-rooted matters of social injustice in our societies. Management scholars have not been encouraged to address the role that business, as we conduct it and consider it as scholars, has played in creating the crises and fostering the injustices our crises are laying bare. Contributors to this article draw attention to the way that the pandemic has highlighted long-standing examples of injustice, from inequality to racism, gender, and social discrimination through environmental injustice to migratory workers and modern slaves. They consider the fact that few management scholars have raised their voices in protest, at least partly because of the ideological underpinnings of the discipline, and the fact these need to be challenged

A Macro-National Level Analysis of Arab Women's Work Engagement

This paper reviews the macro-national level factors that influence women's work engagement in Arab countries. First, it offers an overview of the notions of work engagement and gendered work engagement. Next, the macro-national context is investigated where economic, socio-cultural, and legal factors are analyzed that may explain differences in workplace engagement between men and women. Lastly, the discussion, implications for future research and practice, and conclusion are offered