Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten

The kinetics of surface reactions in one-dimensional and radial (two-dimensional) distribution of diffusant MoO3 (WO3) on the surface of the substrate MeO (Me is Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cu) were investigated. A kinetic equation satisfactorily describes the rate of surface reactions in the case of radial distribution of diffusant on the substrate. It’s found that when the radial distribution of diffusant the growth of layer on the substrate surface eventually slows down and stops almost completely, due to the outflow of the diffusant deeps into the substrate. When the one-dimensional distribution of diffusant the surface interaction is not slowed down and does not stop at an arbitrarily large times

Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten: the influence of external factors

This work is a continuation of the article “Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten”, published in the previous issue of the journal. The influence of the electric field and the pressure of oxygen in the gas phase on the rate of surface reactions for the synthesis of molybdates of manganese and copper were investigated. It’s found that for the synthesis reaction of molybdate of copper the nature of the dependency of the rate of synthesis and rate of surface reactions from the external parameters are the same, indicating the crucial contribution of surface diffusion to the reactive mass transfer. For the synthesis reaction of molybdate of manganese the dependences of the rate of synthesis and of rate of surface reactions by external parameters differ, indicating that for this reaction, surface diffusion isn’t the main mechanism of mass transfer

Diabetes Mellitus as a Model of Psychosomatic and Somatopsychic Interrelationships

The article reviews research on the problem of interrelationship between different physical and psychosocial factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The authors consider methodological principles of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment in DM1 patients and stress the need for an integrated biopsychosocial approach to the management of the disease. DM1 is a chronic metabolic disease with an absolute requirement for insulin replacement therapy. The stress inducing nature of DM1 is associated with its unexpected and dramatic manifestation in juvenile years, life-threatening nature of severe hypo-/hyperglycaemias and long-term complications, with the burden of diabetes self-management, threat of work disability, employment and career problems etc. These features of DM1 increase the likelihood of the development of anxiety and depressive disorders, which, in turn, may negatively influence the course of diabetes and in particular, diabetes self-care. This necessitates early diagnosis of emotional and behavioral disturbances in DM1 using self-report instruments as well as clinical assessment. Evidence suggests that active problem-focused coping behavior and adequate social support promote adherence to diabetes regimes and may act as a buffer against negative effects of the disease on HRQoL in DM1 patients. The core element in the HRQoL structure is personal disease picture (as opposed by objective clinical picture) – the cognitive-affectivebehavioral complex reflecting the patient’s personal perception of the disease. Examination of the personal disease picture and attitude towards the ailment in DM1 patients may help to improve understanding of the mechanisms of poor adjustment. Problems in disease adjustment can be detected also by diabetes-specific HRQoL assessment. The measures of HRQoL can be applied as screening instruments useful in increasing the effectiveness of patient-provider interactions and diabetes care.El artículo revisa la investigación del problema de la interrelación entre diferentes factores físicos y psicosociales en la diabetes melitus tipo 1 (DM1). Los autores consideran los principios de la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en pacientes de DM1 y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de un abordaje biopsicosocial integrado del manejo de la enfermedad. La DM1 es una enfermedad metabólica crónica con una necesidad absoluta de terapia de reemplazo de insulina. La naturaleza estresante de la DM1 se asocia con su aparición inesperada y dramática durante los años de juventud, la naturaleza peligrosa de las hipo e hiperglucemias y las complicaciones a largo plazo, con la carga del auto-cuidado de la diabetes, la amenaza de discapacidad laboral, problemas de empleo y carrera, etc. Estas características de la DM1 aumentan la probabilidad de desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos que, a su vez, pueden afectar negativamente el curso de la diabetes y, en particular, el auto-cuidado de la diabetes. Esto requiere un diagnóstico temprano de los trastornos emocionales y comportamentales en los enfermos de DM1, empleando instrumentos de auto informe además de la evaluación clínica. La evidencia sugiere que el comportamiento de afrontamiento activo centrado en los problemas y el apoyo social adecuado promocionan la adherencia a los regímenes diabéticos y pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de la enfermedad en la CVRS en los pacientes con DM1. El elemento esencial en la estructura de la CVRS es el cuadro clínico personal (en contraste con el cuadro clínico objetivo)— el complejo cognitivo-afectivo-conductual que refleja la percepción personal que tiene el paciente de su enfermedad. El examen del cuadro de enfermedad personal y la actitud hacia la enfermedad en los pacientes con DM1 puede mejorar la comprensión de los mecanismos de desadaptación. Los problemas en la adaptación a la enfermedad también pueden detectarse por medio de la evaluación de la CVRS específica para la diabetes. Las medidas de CVRS pueden aplicarse como instrumentos de criba útiles para incrementar la efectividad de las interacciones paciente-cuidador y del cuidado de la diabetes

Threshold characteristics cavityless lasing in composites with agglomerated metal and dielectric nanoparticles

The paper presents results of experimental studies of the threshold characteristics of lasing in thin layers (20 microns) of a solution of rhodamine 6G with agglomerates of metal and dielectric nanoparticles. The maximum decrease in the lasing threshold was more than two orders for a wide range of changes in the concentration of metal agglomerates. For dielectric nanoparticle agglomerates range of maximum lowering of the threshold is 5 times lower. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of lasing in these environments.Comparing the efficiency of lasing in layers with metal agglomerates proves on expediency using them to create a low threshold microlasers

Evaluación de la dinámica temporal de la materia orgánica en la cuenca de klyazma utilizando monitoreo remoto y qgis trends.earth

El artículo está dedicado al estudio de la dinámica de los procesos biológicos en los paisajes en los limites de la zona de captación. Se eligió como zona modelo la cuenca del río Klyazma (que esta entrando con un afluente de cuarto orden a la cuenca del Volga), que es una combinación bastante compleja de diferentes paisajes. El estudio se basó en datos de teledetección. Se eligieron como parámetros los indicadores de fito-productividad y de carbono del suelo. Se estableció que en los distintos paisajes los procesos biológicos difieren tanto en velocidad como en intensidad y responden de forma ambigua a los cambios en los parámetros climáticos y al cambio en el uso del suelo. Sin embargo, en general, la cuenca hidrográfica, como ecosistema único, mostró suficiente estabilidad en los procesos dinámicos. Esto indica que los ecosistemas naturales holísticos tienen internas propiedades compensatoria

AFLP-analysis of genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] cultivars Russian and foreign selection

ArticleGenetic diversity of 11 cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) from a VIR (N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) collection was analyzed by the AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique. From 18 tested primer combinations, both of them were selected for further analysis. From these two primer combinations (E32/M60 and E32/M59), 90 DNA fragments were obtained, 39 (43%) of them were polymorphic. Unique DNA fragments were found in accessions SibNIISHoz 6, Soer-4, Determinant. The Jaccard's similarity indices varied from 0.79 (between Sonata and Ugra) to 0.94 (between Ugra and Garmoniya) with an average of 0.775. Cluster analysis placed the cultivars into the several groups but separation in groups was not related to their origin or biological characteristics, even though cultivars Nordik and Soer-4 (cultivars recommended for Central Black Earth region of Russia) clustered together on the dendrogram. The obtained high values of Jaccard genetic similarity index and low level of polymorphism and differentiation illustrated a relatively low genetic diversity in our studied cultivars, which correlated with different other studies on soybean genetic diversity with AFLP-analysis

Control of Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera Rostochiensis with Some Plant Extractsand Neem Products

Abstract TRIFONOVA, Z. and A. ATANASOV, 2011. Control of potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis with some plant extracts and neem products. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., An experiment was conducted under glass-house conditions to test the effects of five plants products in the form of drenches on the growth of potato and population density of potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. All the tested formulations improved plant growth, yield and suppressed the nematode multiplication. Neem oil+extract of Nicotiana tabacum 0.5% or Veratrum album 1.0% were the most effective in reducing the disease incidence (77.7 -77.8%), followed by neem Azal 0.3% (66.6%) and neem oil 0.3% (50.0%). None of the formulations was phytotoxic even at the tested concentration

Cellular internalisation, bioimaging and dark and photodynamic cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ metal clusters

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) doped by hexanuclear molybdenum cluster complexes [{Mo₆X₈}L₆]n (X = Cl, Br, or I; L = various inorganic or organic ligands) have been recently suggested as materials with a high potential for biomedical applications due to both the outstanding photoluminescent properties and the ability to efficiently generate singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation. However, no studies were undertaken so far to prove this concept. Therefore, here we examined the potential of photoluminescent SNPs doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ for such applications as bioimaging and photodynamic therapy using human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line as a model. Our results demonstrated both: (i) significant luminescence from cells with internalised molybdenum cluster doped SNPs combined with the low cytotoxicity of particles in the darkness and (ii) significant cytotoxicity of the particles upon photoirradiation. Thus, this research provides strong experimental evidence for high potential of molybdenum cluster doped materials in such biomedical applications as optical bioimaging, biolabeling and photodynamic therapy

Οι θαυματουργές εικόνες της Μονής Ζωγράφου [E.N. TSIGARIDAS – A. TRIFONOVA, The Miracle Icons of the Zograf Monastery]

In this paper we focus on six icons from the Zograf Monastery of MountAthos, which, according to the tradition, are considered miraculous. We willdiscuss three icons of St. George, the icon of St. George Acheiropoiitos, theicon of St. George from Arabia and the icon of St. George from Moldavia, andthree icons of the Virgin, the icon of the Virgin Epakoousa, the icon of theVirgin Proagellomeni and the icon of the Virgin Esfagmeni.The icon of St. George Acheiropoiitos or Zograf, as it is also known, isbelieved to be «·¯ÂÈÚÔÔ›ËÙÔ˜» (made not by a human hand), because,according to the tradition, St. George miraculously depicted himself. In ouropinion, the icon of St. George Acheiropoiitos is considered one of the finesticons of the Paleologian period of the end of 13th century. At a later date asilver revetment was added on the icon, dating from 1837.The icon of St. George from Arabia is considered to be miraculousbecause, according to the tradition, the icon came from Arabia to Mount Athosby miracle and afterwards to the Zograf Monastery. The icon dates from theend of 12th century – beginning of 13th century and the silver revetment datesfrom 1822.The icon of St. George from Moldavia, according to the tradition, is adonation from the ruler Stefan from Moldovlahia. By a miraculous way theSaint appeared in the vision of the ruler and advised him to send the icon tothe Zograf Monastery. It bears a silver revetment from 1838. The icon is repainted, thus giving the impression of a work of early 19th century.The icon of the Virgin Proagellomeni or Akathist is considered to bemiraculous because, by a miraculous way, the icon called upon an old monk towarn the monks of the Zograf Monastery against the coming of the Latinenemies, who wanted to impose the ounia. In our opinion, the icon dates to the16th century and is part of the works of the Cretan School in this period. Theicon bears a silver revetment of 1896.The icon – fresco of the Virgin Epakoousa is considered to be miraculous,because, according to the tradition, it instructed Ossios Kosmas Zografitis in amiraculous way, how to manage to see God. The icon dates to the 19th centuryand bears a silver revetment of 1896.Finally, the icon of the Virgin Esfagmeni, which is also consideredmiraculous, has in the face a trauma from the knife of a Turk, who, after thedesecration of the icon of the Virgin, died. According to the technical andtechnotropical characteristics, the icon dates to the second half of the 18th century