ELAN development, keeping pace with communities' needs

ELAN is a versatile multimedia annotation tool that is being developed at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. About a decade ago it emerged out of a number of corpus tools and utilities and it has been extended ever since. This paper focuses on the efforts made to ensure that the application keeps up with the growing needs of that era in linguistics and multimodality research; growing needs in terms of length and resolution of recordings, the number of recordings made and transcribed and the number of levels of annotation per transcription

Graphoidal Tree d - Cover

Acharya and Sampathkumar defined a graphoidal cover as a partition of edges into internally disjoint (not necessarily open) paths. If we consider only open paths in the above definition then we call it as a graphoidal path cover

Pair difference cordial labeling of some union of graphs

Let G = (V, E) be a (p, q) graph. Define ρ = {p/2 if p is even p−1/2 if p is odd and L = {±1, ±2, ±3, · · · , ±ρ} called the set of labels. Consider a mapping f : V → L by assigning different labels in L to the different elements of V when p is even and different labels in L to p-1 elements of V and repeating a label for the remaining one vertex when p is odd. The labeling as defined above is said to be a pair difference cordial labeling if for each edge uv of G there exists a labeling |f(u) − f(v)| such that ∆f1 − ∆fc1 ≤ 1, where ∆f1 and ∆fc1respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and number of edges not labeled with 1. A graph G for which there exists a pair difference cordial labeling is called a pair difference cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the pair difference cordial labeling behavior of the union of some graphs like path, cycle, star and bistar graph.Publisher's Versio

Comparative analysis of PWM techniques for Photovoltaic application with HERIC inverter

Photovoltaic inverters achieves an effective and efficient system and plays an important role in reducing the total cost of the system. The main objective  of this paper is to develope mathematical model and analyse the performance of photovoltaic fed  HERIC inverter for different Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) techniques. The two different carrier signals such as sinusoidal carrier signal and triangular carrier signals are used. The required PWM pulses are generated by comparing the trapezoidal reference signal with those carrier signals. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance indices used in this comparison are THD, output power, fundamental output voltage and RMS value of output voltage

Study of Congenital Heart Defects among Down Syndrome Cases Attending A Tertiary Care Centre

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome, the most frequent form of mental retardation caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration, is characterized by well defined and distinctive phenotypic features and natural history. It is caused by the triplicate state of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21. In 1866, John Langdon Down 1 wrote, “The face is flat and broad and destitute of prominence. The cheeks are round and extended laterally. The eyes are obliquely placed, and the internal canthi more than normally distant from one another. The palpebral fissure is very narrow; the lips are large and thick with transverse fissures. The tongue is long, thick and is much roughened. The nose is small.” This description of the clinical characteristics of the syndrome, which bears his name is a common genetic disorder with an overall incidence of 1in 800 2. All individuals with Down syndrome have extra chromosome 21 material. Children with Down syndrome have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to the presence of extra genetic material from chromosome 21. Although the phenotype is variable, usually there is enough consistency to enable the experienced clinician to suspect the diagnosis. Down syndrome decreases prenatal viability and increases prenatal and postnatal morbidity. Affected children have delayed physical growth, maturation, bone development, and dental eruption. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To determine the incidence and pattern of congenital heart defects in children with karyotypically proved Down syndrome attending a tertiary care centre. DISCUSSION: Congenital heart disease is the common cause for long term morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome. Between 40-50% of babies with Down syndrome have congenital heart defects 28. Of these 30-40% have complete Atrioventricular septal defects. Most AVSD can be successfully treated if the diagnosis is made and the baby referred for full corrective surgery before irreversible pulmonary vascular disease is established. The incidence of Congenital heart defects in our present study is 49.1% .Various published studies have reported frequencies ranging from 30-65% 17..Studies by Wells GL 10 et al in the University of Alabama showed an incidence of 48% close to our statistics. In a similar study by Bhatia S 11 et al in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, the incidence was 44%. The incidence of CHD in Down syndrome varies among geographical areas. The incidence of CHD in our present study is comparable to that conducted in Alabama, Atlanta, France and Saudi Arabia. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: 1. Incidence of Congenital Heart defects in Down syndrome is 49.2%. 2. Ventricular Septal defect(34.5%) is the most common CHD followed by Endocardial cushion defect(21.8%). 3. Incidence of CHD is more in a male with Down syndrome(55%) than in a female(42.8%). 4. Down syndrome is due to non-disjunction in 92% of cases and translocation in 7% of cases.1% is due to mosaicism.Percentage of CHD was more in translocation (67%) than due to non-disjunction(49.5%). 5. As the order of birth increases, the chances of being born with a CHD also increases. 6. Advanced maternal age is not only a risk factor for increased incidence of Down syndrome, but also an independent risk factor for CHD.Percentage of CHD when maternal age is above 30 years is 71%

2, 4-Diamino-6- hydroxy pyrimidine inhibits NSAIDs induced nitrosyl-complex EPR signals and ulcer in rat jejunum

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that one aspect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced intestinal damage is due to either uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation or inhibition of electron transport. We investigated the latter possibility using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: Electron paramagnetic studies of NSAIDS on sub-mitochondrial particles revealed that indomethacin, but not with nabumetone, bound to a site near to Complex I and ubiquinone to generate a radical species. Normal rats exhibited prominent [3Fe-4S]ox signals (g ~ 2.01) at 20 K. One hour after indomethacin there was a prominent, intense and broad absorption pattern at (g ~2.07) suggesting, appearance of radical species overlapping [3Fe-4S]ox and was unaffected by pretreatment with 2,4 diamino -6-hydroxy pyrimidine. At 24 hrs, when macroscopic ulcers were seen, there was a new signal due to a nitric oxide radical (NO•). In contrast, nabumetone and 2,4 diamino-6-hydroxy pyrimidine pre-treated animals receiving indomethacin exhibited electron paramagnetic resonance spectra identical to those of controls at 24 hrs and neither was associated with small intestinal ulcers. Indomethacin and 2,4 diamino hydroxy pyrimidine pre-treated rats, but not nabumetone, had increased intestinal permeability. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the in vivo effects of indomethacin modulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain directly at 1 h and 24 h through formation of nitric oxide. NO• appears to play an important role in the late pathogenic stages of NSAID enteropathy and may be the site for targeted treatment to reduce their toxicity

AN M[X]/G/1M^{[X]}/G/1 QUEUE WITH OPTIONAL SERVICE AND WORKING BREAKDOWN

In this study, a batch arrival single service queue with two stages of service (second stage is optional) and working breakdown is investigated. When the system is in operation, it may breakdown at any time. During breakdown period, instead of terminating the service totally, it continues at a slower rate. We find the time-dependent probability generating functions in terms of their Laplace transforms and derive explicitly the corresponding steady state results. Furthermore, numerous measures indicating system performances, such as the average queue size and the average queue waiting time, has been obtained. Some of the numerical results and graphical representations were also presented

Assay of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations

Ethambutol tablets of 200 and 400 mg denominations were assayed by the standard non-aqueous titration method and a simpler calorimetric method. With the titrimetric method, assay values, appreciably higher than the stated content (117% or more), were obtained with the products of 4 companies, while all the values were within 6% of the stated content by the calorimetric method. Rifampicin and pyrazinamide interfered with the estimation of ethambutol by both methods: isoniazid, however, caused an overestimation with the titrimetric method only