Deformación plástica del antebrazo: revisión y caso clínico

La deformidad plástica de un hueso es una rara entidad, que en ocasiones pasa desapercibida. Se trata de una lesión típica del niño, con un hueso más elástico que los adultos. La mayoría de las deformidades plásticas del antebrazo se producen por caídas con el brazo en extensión, causando deformidad, dolor y una limitación de la pronosupinación. Para reducir la curvatura del hueso se precisan fuerzas contrarias a las que produjeron la lesión, mantenidas en el tiempo. En niños menores de 4 años, con enorme capacidad de remodelación, sólo grandes deformidades >20º deberían ser reducidas. En los mayores de 10 años, con escaso potencial remodelador, deben manipularse aquellas angulaciones >10-15º. La mayor complicación derivada de una mala reducción es la limitación de la pronosupinación, que en la mayoría de las ocasiones no altera la funcionalidad de la extremidad.Plastic bowing of a bone is a rare entity that some- times goes unnoticed. It’s a typical injury in children, who have more elastic bones than adults. Most of the plastic bowing of the forearm take place by falls with an outstretched arm, causing deformities, pain and a limitation of pronation and supination. In order to reduce the curvature of the bone, opposing forces to those that produced the injury are needed, maintained for a long time. In children younger than 4 years, with an enormous remodelling capacity, only great deformi- ties >20º should be reduced. For those older than 10 years, with little remodelling capacity, angulations >10-15º must be manipulated. The greatest complication derived from a bad reduction is the limitation of the pronation and supination, which in most cases does not modify the functionality of the extremity

Non-invasive Mechanism Classification and Localization in Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias

[EN] In this study, we investigated the most relevant biomarkers for noninvasive classification and mechanism location in atrial tachycardia (AT), flutter (AFL) and fibrillation (AF). Biomarkers were calculated using noninvasive body surface (BSPM) dominant frequency and phase maps. We used 19 simulations of 567 to 64-lead BSPMs, from which were extracted 32 biomarkers. Biomarker ranking was performed with ANOVA, Kendall and Lasso techniques. The best four biomarkers were identified and used to classify the arrhythmias in all combinations, and the best two used for noninvasive driver localization. Arrhythmia classification accuracy was 94.74%. The feature combination which best distinguish AF from non-AF were mean filament displacement and mean OI, while those that best distinguish AFL from AT were mean and SD of SP distribution. There was good agreement across ranking techniques. Mechanism location accuracy was 78.95%, with the most important biomarkers being percentage SPs within each torso division, and SD of filament histogram cluster area. This study highlights that organization related features well identifies AF and spatial SP distribution discriminate AT from AFL and also it¿s localization.VGM is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 860974. IS, JAS and JS are supported by grant #2018/25606-2, Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).Sandoval, I.; Marques, VG.; Sims, JA.; Rodrigo, M.; Guillem Sánchez, MS.; Salinet, J. (2021). Non-invasive Mechanism Classification and Localization in Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.22489/CinC.2021.2261

Management Practices and Bioproductivity in Grassland of Dry Areas

In Mexico, the grassland represents 40.1% of the total area of the country and it is a source of feed for livestock, although suffers different degrees of degradation due to lack of management and adverse climatic conditions. The problem of the grasslands is complex since it involves diverse type’s soils, presence of invasive plants, low success in the establishment of grasses or replanting, high fluctuation in the rainfall distribution, as well as the low capacity of the soil to retain moisture. Among these constraints, the limited availability of soil moisture in arid conditions, makes these areas more fragile to the degradation of the environment which results in low productivity of the grassland. In this chapter, major ecological limitations of the grassland and techniques which improve the soils moisture retention capacity of the grassland especially in moisture deficit areas will be discussed

Genetic history of Classic Period Teotihuacan burials in Central Mexico

The ancient city of Teotihuacan was a great urban and ceremonial center, whose population grew exceptionally in the Classic Period (300 – 700 AC). Settlement patterns, culture and burials have indicated an occupation that consisted of groups of neighboring apartment compounds or barrios. We investigated the genetics of three apartment compounds in the Teotihuacan Valley through ancient DNA analysis to prove multiethnicity during the Classic Period. Amerindian mitochondrial haplogroups were identified in 10 burials from San Francisco Mazapa, 7 from San Sebastian Xolalpan, and 19 human bone tools from La Ventilla. These samples had a wide genetic diversity. Differences in genetic structures were slight but significant (p< 0.001) between the three households and 7 ancient populations from Central and Southern Mexico by FST analysis between the three barrios studied, and Xaltocan (post-conquest) was congruent with the number of migrants estimated. Tlailotlacan, another household of Teotihuacan, was different following a small interaction with Mazapa, Xolalpan and La Ventilla. Through the estimation of immigrants, the three households studied seem to have come into contact with Mayans from Xcaret in Yucatan, and this coincides with archaeological data reported. Genetic data could indicate that migration and less genetic drift may possibly lead to a more effective role in the Teotihuacan groups, suggesting that interchange with other groups was not only for commercial, service or governmental purposes, which implicated demographic integration and genetic fusion, culminating in multiethnicity during the Classic Period in Teotihuacan. Further studies can be directed to examine others households.La ciudad de Teotihuacan tuvo un gran crecimiento poblacional durante el Período Clásico (300-700 AC, del inglés after Christ), cuando alcanzó el desarrollo urbano y llegó a ser un centro ceremonial de gran importancia. Los patrones de asentamiento, cultura y los entierros excavados muestran una ocupación organizada en barrios. En este estudio se realiza el análisis genético, por medio del ADN antiguo, de tres barrios ubicados en el Valle de Teotihuacan con el objetivo de identificar patrones de multietnicidad durante el Período Clásico. Se identificaron los haplogrupos mitocondriales amerindios en 10 individuos de San Francisco Mazapa, 7 de San Sebastián Xolalpan y 19 residuos de herramientas óseas de La Ventilla. Estos barrios mostraron diversidad genética. El análisis de FST reveló poca estructura genética, pero estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001), entre los barrios estudiados, en comparación con 7 poblaciones antiguas del centro y sur de México. En los análisis, Xaltocan fue congruente con el número de migrantes estimado. Tlailotlacan, otro barrio de Teotihuacan, tuvo una relación pequeña con los barrios estudiados. La estimación de migrantes mostró que pudieron tener contacto con mayas de Xcaret en Yucatán, en coincidencia con los datos arqueológicos reportados. Los datos genéticos podrían señalar que la migración y poca deriva genética jugaron un papel importante entre los grupos teotihuacanos, lo que sugiere intercambio con otros grupos por propósitos de comercio, servicios o gubernamentales, lo cual implica integración y fusión genética que determina multietnicidad en Teotihuacan durante el período Clásico. Estos resultados pueden ser corroborados por estudios en otros barrios de Teotihuacan y con futuros análisis de secuenciación.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

Genetic history of Classic Period Teotihuacan burials in Central Mexico

The ancient city of Teotihuacan was a great urban and ceremonial center, whose population grew exceptionally in the Classic Period (300 – 700 AC). Settlement patterns, culture and burials have indicated an occupation that consisted of groups of neighboring apartment compounds or barrios. We investigated the genetics of three apartment compounds in the Teotihuacan Valley through ancient DNA analysis to prove multiethnicity during the Classic Period. Amerindian mitochondrial haplogroups were identified in 10 burials from San Francisco Mazapa, 7 from San Sebastian Xolalpan, and 19 human bone tools from La Ventilla. These samples had a wide genetic diversity. Differences in genetic structures were slight but significant (p< 0.001) between the three households and 7 ancient populations from Central and Southern Mexico by FST analysis between the three barrios studied, and Xaltocan (post-conquest) was congruent with the number of migrants estimated. Tlailotlacan, another household of Teotihuacan, was different following a small interaction with Mazapa, Xolalpan and La Ventilla. Through the estimation of immigrants, the three households studied seem to have come into contact with Mayans from Xcaret in Yucatan, and this coincides with archaeological data reported. Genetic data could indicate that migration and less genetic drift may possibly lead to a more effective role in the Teotihuacan groups, suggesting that interchange with other groups was not only for commercial, service or governmental purposes, which implicated demographic integration and genetic fusion, culminating in multiethnicity during the Classic Period in Teotihuacan. Further studies can be directed to examine others households.La ciudad de Teotihuacan tuvo un gran crecimiento poblacional durante el Período Clásico (300-700 AC, del inglés after Christ), cuando alcanzó el desarrollo urbano y llegó a ser un centro ceremonial de gran importancia. Los patrones de asentamiento, cultura y los entierros excavados muestran una ocupación organizada en barrios. En este estudio se realiza el análisis genético, por medio del ADN antiguo, de tres barrios ubicados en el Valle de Teotihuacan con el objetivo de identificar patrones de multietnicidad durante el Período Clásico. Se identificaron los haplogrupos mitocondriales amerindios en 10 individuos de San Francisco Mazapa, 7 de San Sebastián Xolalpan y 19 residuos de herramientas óseas de La Ventilla. Estos barrios mostraron diversidad genética. El análisis de FST reveló poca estructura genética, pero estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001), entre los barrios estudiados, en comparación con 7 poblaciones antiguas del centro y sur de México. En los análisis, Xaltocan fue congruente con el número de migrantes estimado. Tlailotlacan, otro barrio de Teotihuacan, tuvo una relación pequeña con los barrios estudiados. La estimación de migrantes mostró que pudieron tener contacto con mayas de Xcaret en Yucatán, en coincidencia con los datos arqueológicos reportados. Los datos genéticos podrían señalar que la migración y poca deriva genética jugaron un papel importante entre los grupos teotihuacanos, lo que sugiere intercambio con otros grupos por propósitos de comercio, servicios o gubernamentales, lo cual implica integración y fusión genética que determina multietnicidad en Teotihuacan durante el período Clásico. Estos resultados pueden ser corroborados por estudios en otros barrios de Teotihuacan y con futuros análisis de secuenciación.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

La pertenencia infantil del Agroecoturismo en la comunidad de Tepexilotla, en Chocamán, Veracruz, México

Objective: The overall objective of this study is to identify the relationship of belonging among children with their natural resources, in order to strengthen ties in the development of Agroecoturistic activity in your community, environmental conservation and natural resources of the micro-region Tepexilotla and its surroundings. Design/methodology/approach: Agroecotourism is approached from the child's subjective perception of that community, located in the cloud forest of fog, in the high mountains of Veracruz, Mexico. We analyze the issue from four themes: (1) ownership of the rural and natural environment, (2) the child's perspective of tourism, (3) interpretation of their natural environment and (4) as an engine Agroecotourism conservation natural and development of rural communities. Results: From the experience of the workshops with Tepexilotla´s infants, it was possible to identify that the relationship with their environment is strongly linked to the needs of life. 13 girls (52%) 9 boys (48%) between 7 and 14 years old participated. Boys include more the mountains and clouds, and girls, for stars and flowers. Less weight is given to crops. Agroturistic activities needs to be more considered at agroecoturistic workshops. Limitations on study/implications: We are interested in children's community, because this part of society is hardly considered in the decision making of the development of rural communities throughout the world. Findings/conclusions: With which we conclude with knowledge of the panorama of Agroecoturística activity from a child focus, as this position showed the child contribution to rural development; because children are the future decisions taken in their community, and guide the destiny of their natural environment as a means particularly vulnerable and important.Objetivo: Identificar la relación de pertenencia en la población infantil hacia sus recursos naturales, con el fin de fortalecer lazos en el desarrollo de la actividad Agroecoturística en su comunidad, la conservación del ambiente y recursos naturales de la microrregión de Tepexilotla en Veracruz, México, y sus alrededores. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se abordó el Agroecoturismo desde la percepción subjetiva infantil de dicha comunidad, ubicada en el bosque Mesófilo de niebla, en las Altas Montañas del estado de Veracruz. Se analizó el tema desde cuatro ejes temáticos: (1) sentido de pertenencia del entorno rural y natural, (2) la perspectiva infantil de la actividad turística, (3) la interpretación de su medio natural y (4) el Agroecoturismo como motor de conservación natural y desarrollo de las comunidades rurales. Resultados: Participaron 13 niñas (52%) y 9 niños (48%) de entre 7 y 14 años. En los talleres y dibujos, se identificó que la relación con su medio natural está fuertemente vinculada con su vida cotidiana, mostrando conocimiento y uso de diferentes de especies vegetales, animales, así como identificación psicosocial con algunas de ella y su valoración en caso de desaparición de las especies de la zona. Los niños incluyen más montañas y nubes, las niñas estrellas y flores. Los sembradíos son menos dibujados, por lo que las actividades agroturísticas deben ser más consideradas en talleres agroecoturísticos. &nbsp; Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Nos interesamos en la comunidad infantil, debido a que esta parte de la sociedad es muy poco considerada en la toma de decisiones del desarrollo de las comunidades rurales a lo largo del mundo. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El conocimiento del panorama de la actividad Agroecoturística desde un enfoque infantil, mostró su contribución para el desarrollo rural; debido a que los niños y las niñas son los que tomarán las decisiones futuras de su comunidad, y guiarán el destino de su medio natural, un medio tan particular, vulnerable e importante

Weeds Forage Potential for Ruminant Feeding: Chemical Composition and Kinetics of Rumen Degradation

Systems of ruminant production in the Andean highlands of Ecuador are dominated by monoculture grasses, where producers do not allow association with other plants such as weeds. These systems have small areas of land and the peasants would be wasting feed resources (association) with high nutritional content and secondary compounds that may be beneficial for feeding ruminants improving the nutritional value of grassland. In this context, Castelán et al. (2003) mention that the use of weeds in ruminant nutrition by small producers in temperate areas of Mexico, it becomes the main natural forage resource for livestock to feed round the year, as there great availability. For farmers with limited financial resources this practice is very common, because it represents feeding efficiency with low production costs, because they use non-conventional feed resources. Weed species such as Sicyos deppei G., Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.), Drymaria laxiflora Benth y Lopezia racemosa Cav. contain high levels of ruminal fermentation and high crude protein content, as well as low levels of fiber (Castelán et al., 2003). Under this background, the objective of this research is to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradation of weeds with forage potential that exist in the grasslands of the Andean highlands of Ecuador

CDH1 somatic alterations in Mexican patients with diffuse and mixed sporadic gastric cancer

Background: Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is associated with the reduction or absence of the expression of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (encoded by the CDH1 gene). Molecular characteristics are less well described for mixed gastric cancer (MGC). The main somatic alterations that have been described in the CDH1 gene are mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and promoter methylation. The aim was to analyze CDH1 somatic alterations in Mexican patients with diffuse and mixed gastric cancer. Methods: We searched for mutations in the CDH1 gene in tumor DNA from DGC (n = 13) and MGC (n = 7) patients by next generation sequencing (NGS). Validation of findings was performed using Sanger sequencing. LOH was analyzed using dinucleotide repeat markers surrounding the CDH1 gene, and methylation was investigated by DNA bisulfite conversion and sequencing. E-cadherin protein deficiency was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Seventeen point variants were identified by NGS, 13 of them were validated by Sanger sequencing. Only 1/13 had not been previously reported (c.-137C > A), and 12/13 were already reported as polymorphisms. Two DGC cases presented LOH at the locus 16q22.1 (13.3%). CDH1 promoter methylation was positive in (7/11) 63.6% and (4/6) 66.6% of the cases with DGC and MGC, respectively. E-cadherin protein deficiency was observed in 58.3% of DGC cases while 100% in MGC cases. Conclusions: While no pathogenic somatic mutations were found that could explain the diffuse histology of gastric cancer in DGC and MGC, methylation was the most common somatic inactivation event of the CDH1 gene, and LOH was rare. The previously unreported c.-137C > A variant modify the CDH1 gene expression since it alters the binding sites for transcription factors.This work was supported by the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)” (grant Ciencia Básica 2013–1-222972) and by the “Fondo de Investigación en Salud (FIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)” (grant FIS/IMSS/PROT/G13/1189), that contributed to the design of the study, collection, analysis, interpretation of data and writing the manuscript. We thank the following institutions: 1) Coordinación de Investigación en Salud (CIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) for the support given to ARBC, through the Professional Development in the International Research of Graduate Students (PRODESI) program; 2) Fundación IMSS, A.C. for the research grant awarded to JYSL and MTMT; 3) FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação in the framework of the project “Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274); 4) The project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); 5) FCT fellowships (SFRH/BPD/86543/2012 to JC; SFRH/BPD/89764/2012 to PO; PD/ BD/128007/2016 to AS). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology