Gamay grapevine peroxidase: Its role in vacuolar anthocyani(di)n degradation

The oxidation of anthocyani(di)ns by Gamay grapevine vacuolar peroxidases was studied. The results suggest that, unlike their glycosides, Gamay anthocyanins aglycones are degraded by peroxidases, the carbinol pseudobase probably being the true substrate, the oxidation of which was strictly dependent on H2O2. Only a weak substrate specificity was found in the H2O2-dependent degradation of peonidin, delphinidin and cyanidin. These results are discussed in the light of the subcellular localization of Gamay peroxidase, and of the possible involvement of this enzyme in anthocyanin turnover and degradation in planta.Rebperoxidase von Gamay: Ihre Rolle beim vakuolären Abbau von Anthocyani(di)nen.Die Oxidation von Anthocyani(di)nen durch vakuoläre Peroxidasen der Rebsorte Gamay wurde untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß - im Gegensatz zu ihren Glykosiden - die Anthocyanin-Aglykone durch Peroxidasen abgebaut werden, wobei wahrscheinlich die Carbinol-Pseudobase das eigentliche Substrat ist, dessen Oxidation von H2O2 abhängt. Beim H2O2-abhängigen Abbau von Päonidin, Delphinidin und Cyanidin wurde nur eine geringe Substratabhängigkeit gefunden. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der zellulären Lokalisierung der Gamay-Peroxidase und mit ihrer möglichen Rolle beim Anthocyaninmetabolismus in der Pflanze diskutiert

Epigenetic control of extracellular auxin catabolism in grapevine cells cultured in suspension

The several factors which control extracellular auxin catabolism were studied in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay), using cells cultured in suspension as a model system. From the results, it is concluded that, contrarily to previous observations with cultured cells, auxin catabolism in the spent medium depends on a massive sequential secretion of both basic and acidic isoperoxidases. It also depends on the secretion of phenolic compounds, characterized as of an 'auxin protector' nature, which modulate the IAA-oxidase activity of the extracellular isoperoxidases throughout the culture period. Thus, unlike observations of peroxidase activities, IAA-oxidase activities are expressed mainly during the beginning of the post-exponential growth phase of the cultured cells, giving to this highly compartmentalized catabolic process an apparent central role in the depletion of the IAA content, once the cultured cells have stopped growing

The specific expression of isoperoxidases in grapevine cells cultured in suspension in relation to vacuolar development

Die spezifischen Veränderungen der Isoperoxidasen in suspensionskultivierten Rebenzellen in Beziehung zur Entwicklung der ZellvakuoleAus wachsenden Beeren der Rotweinsorte Gamay (Vitis vinifera) wurden Zellsuspensionskulturen hergestellt. Diese dienten als Modellsystem, um die spezifischen Veränderungen der Enzymaktivität von Guajakol-Peroxidase und Indolyl-3-Essigsäure(IAA-)Oxidase während des Zellwachstums in Beziehung zur Entwicklung der Zellvakuole zu verfolgen. Der Entwicklungszustand der Vakuole wurde anhand des Verhältnisses monomere Anthocyane : Protein festgestellt. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß sich die Aktivität von Guajakol-Peroxidase während der exponentiellen Phase des Zellwachstums in Beziehung zum Entwicklungszustand der Vakuole veränderte. Andererseits wurde im Verlauf des Zellwachstums nie IAA-Oxidaseaktivität nachgewiesen, wahrscheinlich weil in den kultivierten Zellen höhere Konzentrationen von "Auxinprotektoren" vorhanden waren.Dieser Befund steht im Widerspruch zu der Beobachtung, daß die Zunahme der Gesamtperoxidasenaktivität in den Zellen in erster Linie auf den Anstieg der basischen Isoperoxidasen zurückzuführen ist. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß der IAA-Abbau hauptsächlich durch basische Isoperoxidasen bewirkt wird, wird ferner die anerkannte physiologische Rolle der basischen Isoperoxidasen in suspensionskultivierten Zellen in Frage gestellt. Eine alternative Rolle, welche die basischen Isoperoxidasen im intensiven oxidativen Stoffwechsel der Phenole bei roten Rebsorten spielen könnten, wird diskutiert

Cloning of a peroxidase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically active terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cloning of a peroxidase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically active terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular characterization of seven genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors during plum fruit development and ripening

Seven ERF cDNAs were cloned from two Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars, ‘Early Golden’ (EG) and ‘Shiro’ (SH). Based on the sequence characterization, these Ps-ERFs could be classified into three of the four known ERF families. Their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to ERFs from other plant species. Functional nuclear localization signal analyses of two Ps-ERF proteins (Ps-ERF1a and -1b) were carried out using confocal microscopy. Expression analyses of Ps-ERF mRNAs were studied in the two plum cultivars in order to determine the role of this gene family in fruit development and ripening. The seven Ps-ERFs displayed differential expression pattern and levels throughout the various stages of flower and fruit development. The diversity in Ps-ERFs accumulation was largely due to the differences in their responses to the levels of ethylene production. However, other plant hormones such as cytokinin and auxin, which accumulate strongly throughout the various developmental stages, also influence the Ps-ERFs expression. The effect of the plant hormones, gibberellin, cytokinin, auxin, and ethylene in regulating the different Ps-ERF transcripts was investigated. A model was proposed in which the role played by the plant hormone auxin is as important as that of ethylene in initiating and determining the date and rate of ripening in Japanese plums

Longitudinal changes in adherence to the portfolio and DASH dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus study

[Background & aims]: The Portfolio and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets have been shown to lower cardiometabolic risk factors in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, the Portfolio diet has only been assessed in RCTs of hyperlipidemic patients. Therefore, to assess the Portfolio diet in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we conducted a longitudinal analysis of one-year data of changes in the Portfolio and DASH diet scores and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus trial. [Methods]: PREDIMED-Plus is an ongoing clinical trial (Trial registration: ISRCTN89898) conducted in Spain that includes 6874 older participants (mean age 65 y, 48% women) with overweight/obesity fulfilling at least three criteria for MetS. Data for this analysis were collected at baseline, six months and one year. Adherence to the Portfolio and DASH diet scores were derived from a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. We used linear mixed models to examine the associations of 1-SD increase and quartile changes in the diet scores with concomitant changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. [Results]: After adjusting for several potential confounders, a 1-SD increase in the Portfolio diet score was significantly associated with lower HbA1c (β [95% CI]: −0.02% [−0.02, −0.01], P < 0.001), fasting glucose (−0.47 mg/dL [−0.83, −0.11], P = 0.01), triglycerides (−1.29 mg/dL [−2.31, −0.28], P = 0.01), waist circumference (WC) (−0.51 cm [−0.59, −0.43], P < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (−0.17 kg/m2 [−0.19, −0.15], P < 0.001). A 1-SD increase in the DASH diet score was significantly associated with lower HbA1c (−0.03% [−0.04, −0.02], P < 0.001), glucose (−0.84 mg/dL [−1.18, −0.51], P < 0.001), triglycerides (−3.38 mg/dL [−4.37, −2.38], P < 0.001), non-HDL-cholesterol (−0.47 mg/dL [−0.91, −0.04], P = 0.03), WC (−0.69 cm [−0.76, −0.60 cm], P < 0.001), BMI (−0.25 kg/m2 [−0.28, −0.26 kg/m2], P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (−0.57 mmHg [−0.81, −0.32 mmHg], P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (−0.15 mmHg [−0.29, −0.01 mmHg], P = 0.03), and with higher HDL-cholesterol (0.21 mg/dL [0.09, 0.34 mg/dL, P = 0.001]). Similar associations were seen when both diet scores were assessed as quartiles, comparing extreme categories of adherence. [Conclusions]: Among older adults at high cardiovascular risk with MetS, greater adherence to the Portfolio and DASH diets showed significant favourable prospective associations with several clinically relevant cardiometabolic risk factors. Both diets are likely beneficial for cardiometabolic risk reduction.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the Spanish government's official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS) and co-funded by European Union ERDF/ESF, “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future” (five coordinated FIS projects led by JS-S and JVid, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183,PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, and PI19/01332), the Special Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to JS-S, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014–2019, 340918) to MÁM-G, the Recercaixa Grant to JS-S (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018), a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017), a SEMERGEN grant, and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03). This research was also partially funded by EU-H2020 Grant (EAT2BENICE/H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018). Study resulting from the SLT006/17/00246 grant, funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the call “Acció instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'àmbit de la recerca i la innovació en salut”. We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. IP-G receives a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU 17/01925). MRBL was supported by “Miguel Servet Type I” program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER. AJG was supported by the Nora Martin Fellowship in Nutritional Sciences, the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre Tamarack Graduate Award in Diabetes Research, the Peterborough K.M. Hunter Charitable Foundation Graduate Award and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. PH-A was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (Juan de la Cierva-Formación), FJCI-2017–32205, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation. RE group has been supported by the ‘Ajut 2017-2021 SGR 1717 from the Generalitat de Catalunya. DJAJ was funded by the Government of Canada through the Canada Research Chair Endowment. JK was supported by the ‘FOLIUM’ programme within the FUTURMed project from the Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (financed by 2017 annual plan of the sustainable tourism tax and at 50% with charge to the ESF Operational Program 2014–2020 of the Balearic Islands). JLS was funded by a Diabetes Canada Clinician Scientist Award

Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment

Background: Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. Objectives: Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. Design A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. Methods Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models. Results: Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by −0.6 kg of CO2eq and −5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. Conclusions: Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection

CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LAS ISOENZIMAS DE LA PEROXIDASA DE ALTRAMUZ POR DENSITOMETRÍA

The formation of benzidine-brown end product by lupin peroxidase isoenzymes, separated by gel isoelectric focusing, is used in order to quantify isoenzyme activities on the same gel. Incubation times of 3 h, H2O2 concentration of 1mh, benzidine as saturated solution, and pH 5.0, are the best assay conditions. Under these conditions, isoperoxidase activity can be quantified as formation (and/or accumulation) of the benzidine-brown end product in the steady-state of the reaction. The product can be measured as the peak area recorded by scanning densitometry at 460 nm. Linear relationship between the amount of total peroxidase activity loaded on the top of the gel, and the area of each isoperoxidase peak resolved by gel isoelectric focusing support the validity of this densitometric method for the quantification of lupin peroxidase isoenzymes.La formación del producto final de la oxidación de la benzidina («benzidine-brown») por las isoenzimas de la peroxidasa de altramuz separadas por isoelectroenfoque, se utilizó para cuantificar las actividades enzimáticas de cada una de las isoenzimas en un mismo gel. Se encontraron como condiciones de reacción más adecuadas, el uso de tiempos de reacción de 3 h, concentraciones de H2O2 del orden de 1 mM, y concentraciones de benzidina a saturación en tampones de pH 5.0. Bajo estas condiciones, la actividad de cada isoperoxidasa puede ser cuantificada como formación (y/o acumulación) de dicho producto en el estado estacionario de la reacción, siendo éste medido como área de cada pico registrado por barrido densitométrico a 460 nm. La validez de este método densitométrico para la cuantificación de las isoenzimas de la peroxidasa de altramuz, está apoyada por la existencia de una relación lineal entre la cantidad total de actividad peroxidasa depositada sobre el gel, y el área correspondiente a cada pico de isoperoxidasa separada por isoelectroenfoque