2,861 research outputs found
Disturbing effect of free hydrogen on fuel combustion in internal combustion engines
Experiments with fuel mixtures of varying composition, have recently been conducted by the Motor Vehicle and Airplane Engine Testing Laboratories of the Royal Technical High School in Berlin and at Fort Hahneberg, as well as at numerous private engine works. The behavior of hydrogen during combustion in engines and its harmful effect under certain conditions, on the combustion in the engine cylinder are of general interest. Some of the results of these experiments are given here, in order to elucidate the main facts and explain much that is already a matter of experience with chauffeurs and pilots
Lattice Models of Quantum Gravity
Standard Regge Calculus provides an interesting method to explore quantum
gravity in a non-perturbative fashion but turns out to be a CPU-time demanding
enterprise. One therefore seeks for suitable approximations which retain most
of its universal features. The -Regge model could be such a desired
simplification. Here the quadratic edge lengths of the simplicial complexes
are restricted to only two possible values , with
, in close analogy to the ancestor of all lattice theories, the
Ising model. To test whether this simpler model still contains the essential
qualities of the standard Regge Calculus, we study both models in two
dimensions and determine several observables on the same lattice size. In order
to compare expectation values, e.g. of the average curvature or the Liouville
field susceptibility, we employ in both models the same functional integration
measure. The phase structure is under current investigation using mean field
theory and numerical simulation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure
Indications for Criticality at Zero Curvature in a 4d Regge Model of Euclidean Quantum Gravity
We re-examine the approach to four-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity
based on the Regge calculus. A cut-off on the link lengths is introduced and
consequently the gravitational coupling and the cosmological constant become
independent parameters. We determine the zero curvature, , line in the
coupling constant plane by numerical simulations. When crossing this line we
find a strong, probably first order, phase transition line with indications of
a second order endpoint. Beyond the endpoint the transition through the line appears to be a crossover. Previous investigations, using the Regge or
the Dynamical Triangulation approach, dealt with a limit in which the first
order transition prevails.Comment: Contribution to the lattice 2003 Tsukuba symposiu
Signal Confidence Limits from a Neural Network Data Analysis
This paper deals with a situation of some importance for the analysis of
experimental data via Neural Network (NN) or similar devices: Let data be
given, such that , where is the number of signals, the
number of background events, both unknown. Assume that a NN has been trained,
such that it will tag signals with efficiency , and background
data with , . Applying the NN yields tagged events. We
demonstrate that the knowledge of is sufficient to calculate confidence
bounds for the signal likelihood, which have the same statistical
interpretation as the Clopper-Pearson bounds for the well-studied case of
direct signal observation. Subsequently, we discuss rigorous bounds for the
a-posteriori distribution function of the signal probability, as well as for
the (closely related) likelihood that there are signals in the data. We
compare them with results obtained by starting off with a maximum entropy type
assumption for the a-priori likelihood that there are signals in the data
and applying the Bayesian theorem. Difficulties are encountered with the latter
method.Comment: 17 pages, 10 eps figures, LaTeX, major revisions due to referee
Repor
Static Quark Potentials in Quantum Gravity
We present potentials between static charges from simulations of quantum
gravity coupled to an SU(2) gauge field on and
simplicial lattices. The action consists of the gravitational term given by
Regge's discrete version of the Euclidean Einstein action and a gauge term
given by the Wilson action, with coupling constants and
respectively. In the well-defined phase of the gravity sector where geometrical
expectation values are stable, we study the correlations of Polyakov loops and
extract the corresponding potentials between a source and sink separated by a
distance . We compare potentials on a flat simplicial lattice with those on
a fluctuating Regge skeleton. In the confined phase, the potential has a linear
form while in the deconfined phase, a screened Coulombic behavior is found. Our
results indicate that quantum gravitational effects do not destroy confinement
due to non-abelian gauge fields.Comment: 8 pages, to be published in Phys. Lett. B, uuencoded compressed
postscript file
The ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector Control system and online calibration tools
The ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) contains nearly 107 hybrid pixel cells. The operation of the SPD requires online control and monitoring of some 2000 parameters and » 50000DACs. Information for each channel is stored in a configuration database. Timing and data management (» 6GB of raw data each calibration) are critical issues. An overview of the SPD electronics read out chain and of the detector control system is given with a detailed description of the front-end controls and the calibration strategy. The status of commissioning and a preliminary evaluation of detector performance are presented
Phase diagram of Regge quantum gravity coupled to SU(2) gauge theory
We analyze Regge quantum gravity coupled to SU(2) gauge theory on , and simplicial lattices. It turns out that
the window of the well-defined phase of the gravity sector where geometrical
expectation values are stable extends to negative gravitational couplings as
well as to gauge couplings across the deconfinement phase transition. We study
the string tension from Polyakov loops, compare with the -function of
pure gauge theory and conclude that a physical limit through scaling is
possible.Comment: RevTeX, 14 pages, 5 figures (2 eps, 3 tex), 2 table
Detection of antihydrogen annihilations with a Si-micro-strip and pure CsI detector
In 2002, the ATHENA collaboration reported the creation and detection of cold
(~15 K) antihydrogen atoms [1]. The observation was based on the complete
reconstruction of antihydrogen annihilations, simultaneous and spatially
correlated annihilations of an antiproton and a positron. Annihilation
byproducts are measured with a cylindrically symmetric detector system
consisting of two layers of double sided Si-micro-strip modules that are
surrounded by 16 rows of 12 pure CsI crystals (13 x 17.5 x 17 mm^3). This paper
gives a brief overview of the experiment, the detector system, and event
reconstruction.
Reference 1. M. Amoretti et al., Nature 419, 456 (2002).Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; Proceedings for the 8th ICATPP Conference on
Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics
Applications (Como, Italy October 2003) to be published by World Scientific
(style file included
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