Fasciolose.

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Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus spp bacteremia is associated with high mortality and the appearance of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) created additional challenges for the treatment of these infections. We evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremias caused by HLGR and non_HLGR Enterococcus faecalis isolates at a teaching hospital in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with bacteremia due to E. faecalis diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2003 were included in the study. We collected clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological data from medical records. Banked isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We identified 145 cases of E. faecalis bacteremia: 66 (45.5%) were caused by HLGR isolates and 79 (54.5%) by non_HLGR. In the univariate analysis, patients with HLGR infection were older, had higher rates of bladder catheterization, and more often had treatment with cephalosporin, quinolone, and/or carbapenem compared with patients with non_HLGR infection (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that older age, hematological malignancy, and previous use of vancomycin were independently associated with HLGR (P < 0.05). Mortality rates were not significantly different among patients with HLGR (50%) and non_HLGR (43%) infections (P = 0.40). Of the 32 genotyped isolates, 16 were distributed into 6 main electrophoresis patterns and 16 others had distinct patterns. E. faecalis bacteremia is associated with high mortality and is frequently caused by HLGR isolates at this teaching hospital. The variability among genotyped isolates suggests that endogenous infections, rather than patient-to-patient transmission of E. faecalis, are more common at this institution.89089

Aceite de buriti de la Amazonia: caracterización química y potencial antioxidante

Buriti oil is an example of an Amazonian palm oil of economic importance. The local population uses this oil for the prevention and treatment of different diseases; however, there are few studies in the literature that evaluate its properties. In this study, detailed chemical and antioxidant properties of Buriti oil were determined. The predominant fatty acid was oleic acid (65.6%) and the main triacylglycerol classes were tri-unsaturated (50.0%) and di-unsaturated-mono-saturated (39.3%) triacylglycerols. The positional distribution of the classes of fatty acids on the triacylglycerol backbone indicated a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid relationship similar in the three-triacylglycerol positions. All tocopherol isomers were present, with a total content of 2364.1 mg·kg−1. α-tocopherol constitutes 48% of the total tocopherol content, followed by γ- tocopherol (45%). Total phenolic (107.0 mg gallic acid equivalent·g−1 oil) and β-carotene (781.6 mg·kg−1) were particularly high in this oil. The highest antioxidant activity against the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was obtained at an oil concentration of 50 mg·mL−1 (73.15%). The antioxidant activity evaluated by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) was 95.3 μmol Trolox equivalent·g−1 oil. These results serve to present Buriti oil as an Amazonian resource for cosmetic, food and pharmaceuticals purposes672COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informação#2012- 22774-5; #2012-22829-4El aceite de Buriti es un ejemplo de aceite de palma amazónica de gran importancia económica. La población local utiliza este aceite para la prevención y el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios científicos que evalúen sus propiedades. En este estudio, se determinaron las propiedades antioxidantes del aceite de Buriti. El ácido graso predominante fue el oleico (65,6 %) y las principales clases de triglicéridos fueron tri-insaturadas (50,0 %) y Di-insaturados-mono-saturada (39,3 %). La distribución posicional de las clases de ácidos grasos en el esqueleto de triacilglicerol indicó una relación de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados similar en las tres posiciones del triacilglicerol. Todas las isoformas de tocoferol estaban presentes, con un contenido total de 2364.1 mg·kg−1. El α-tocoferol constituye el 48 % del contenido total de tocoferol, seguido de γ-tocoferol (45 %). El contenido fenólico total (107,0 mg equivalente ácido gálico·g−1 de aceite) y β-caroteno (781,6 mg·kg−1) fueron particularmente altos en este aceite. La mayor actividad antioxidante contra el radical 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil libre (DPPH) se obtuvo a una concentración de aceite de 50 mg·mL−1 (73,15 %). La actividad antioxidante evaluadas por la capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno (ORAC) fue 95,3 mmol Trolox equivalente·g−1 de aceite. Estos resultados presentan al aceite de Buriti amazónico como buen recurso con fines cosmético, alimenticio y farmacéutic

Avaliação de genótipos de cebola submetidos a diferentes regimes hídricos.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de cebola submetidos a diferentes níveis de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de doze genótipos (?Optima F1?, Grano TX-08, CNPH 6179org, HE-1, HE-2, HE-3, HE-4, HE-5, HE-6, HE-7, HE-8 e HE-9) com três tensões de água no solo (20, 45 e 70 kPa). A evapotranspiração total variou de 13,7 a 49,8 L (6 plantas/vaso 10 L), sendo ?Optima F1? e HE-3 os genótipos com menor ETc. Grano TX-08 foi mais produtivo, enquanto HE-3, HE-6 e ?Optima F1? foram os com menor produtividade. Houve redução da produtividade com o aumento do déficit hídrico para todos os genótipos e interação significativa entre ambos os fatores. Grano TX-08 e HE-6 foram respectivamente os genótipos com maior e menor eficiência do uso de água pelas plantas. O fator de sensibilidade hídrica (Ky) variou entre 0,74 (Grano TX-08) e 1,37 (?Optima F1?). Além do Grano TX-08, o genótipo CNPH 6179org demonstrou potencial para ser utilizado em programas de melhoramento visando tolerância a seca, dada à sua moderada sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico, alta eficiência no uso de água e alta produtividadeResumo 54-1

The bile duct ligated rat : a relevant model to study muscle mass loss in cirrhosis

Muscle mass loss and hepatic encephalopathy (complex neuropsychiatric disorder) are serious complications of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) which impact negatively on clinical outcome and quality of life and increase mortality. Liver disease leads to hyperammonemia and ammonia toxicity is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the effects of ammonia are not brain-specific and therefore may also affect other organs and tissues including muscle. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in chronic liver disease remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized body composition as well as muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic rats with hepatic encephalopathy using the 6-week bile duct ligation (BDL) model which recapitulates the main features of cirrhosis. Compared to sham-operated control animals, BDL rats display significant decreased gain in body weight, altered body composition, decreased gastrocnemius muscle mass and circumference as well as altered muscle morphology. Muscle protein synthesis was also significantly reduced in BDL rats compared to control animals. These findings demonstrate that the 6-week BDL experimental rat is a relevant model to study liver disease-induced muscle mass loss

Plantios de enriquecimento em florestas de produção no Acre.

Por meio de procedimentos e técnicas de restauração que considerem a escolha apropriada das espécies (principalmente quanto às características econômicas e ambientais), florestas exauridas de espécies comerciais podem ser conduzidas de maneira a reverter, ou minimizar, os efeitos da exploração seletiva que modificou sua estrutura original. Além disso, é fundamental que a condução posterior aos procedimentos de restauração seja feita de modo a garantir a sustentabilidade das espécies em florestas de produção. Este trabalho objetiva descrever os métodos utilizados, as etapas iniciais de implantação, a definição de espécies aptas e os resultados preliminares de plantios de enriquecimento com espécies florestais madeireiras de alto valor comercial em áreas de florestas destinadas à produção sustentável (manejo florestal) localizadas nos municípios de Xapuri, Brasileia e Rio Branco, no Estado do Acre. As ações aqui descritas são componentes de um projeto de pesquisa conduzido pela Embrapa Acre que tem como principal objetivo desenvolver procedimentos técnicos voltados à mitigação dos processos de escasseamento e ameaça de espécies madeireiras importantes por meio da restauração florestal. Tais procedimentos se destinam à transferência ao público afim, em especial, ao setor produtivo florestal do Acre e região.bitstream/item/99025/1/24929.PD

Online information on medical cannabis is not always aligned with scientific evidence and may raise unrealistic expectations

There is a growing literature on the potential medical uses of Cannabis sativa and cannabinoid compounds. Although these have only been approved by regulatory agencies for a few indications, there is a hype about their possible benefits in a variety of conditions and a large market in the wellness industry. As in many cases patients search for information on cannabis products online, we have analyzed the information on medical cannabis available on the Internet. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the quality of the information available online on medical cannabis

Antiproliferative, Ultrastructural, and Physiological Effects of Amiodarone on Promastigote and Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis

Amiodarone (AMIO), the most frequently antiarrhythmic drug used for the symptomatic treatment of chronic Chagas' disease patients with cardiac compromise, has recently been shown to have also specific activity against fungi, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania. In this work, we characterized the effects of AMIO on proliferation, mitochondrial physiology, and ultrastructure of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The IC50 values were 4.21 and 0.46 μM against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively, indicating high selectivity for the clinically relevant stage. We also found that treatment with AMIO leads to a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy of cells labeled with JC-1, a marker for mitochondrial energization, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed severe alterations of the mitochondrion, including intense swelling and modification of its membranes. Other ultrastructural alterations included (1) presence of numerous lipid-storage bodies, (2) presence of large autophagosomes containing part of the cytoplasm and membrane profiles, sometimes in close association with the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, and (3) alterations in the chromatin condensation and plasma membrane integrity. Taken together, our results indicate that AMIO is a potent inhibitor of L. amazonensis growth, acting through irreversible alterations in the mitochondrial structure and function, which lead to cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and/or autophagy