Characterization of LUSI Mud as Geopolymer Raw Material

The mud of mud volcano samples were collected from an eruption site named ‘LUSI’ (Lumpur “mud” –Sidoarjo), East Java, Indonesia for characterization. Analysis showed that, the major constituents of mud are SiO2 and Al2O3 which are higher than those in fly ash. The particle of mud has a flake-shaped particle and the overall particle size is dominated by particles between 2.5μm – 25.0μm. The results of XRD shows that mud of mud volcano have a characteristic of structurally disordered compounds, and a set of peaks corresponding to minor crystalline phases such as quartz, feldspars, and kaolinite. FTIR adsorption bands of the raw material of mud have the chemical bonding between bands 1-5

Solderability of Sn-0.7Cu/Si3N4 lead-free composite solder on Cu-substrate

AbstractReinforcing high performance ceramic particulates is an effective approach to improve solderability of lead-free Sn-0.7Cu solder. Various weight percentage compositions (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5) of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) reinforced in Sn-0.7Cu solder were developed using powder metallurgy (PM) routes to investigate their solderability properties on copper (Cu) substrate. The solderability performances of the new composite solder will be determined and analyzed based on their contact angles on Cu substrate, including interface intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness and IMC phases formed for different Si3N4 ratios. Results also show an improvement in solderability of the Sn-0.7Cu/Si3N4 composite lead-free solder with optimum wettability achieved by 1.0wt.% Si3N4. The minimal average decrease in IMC layer thickness and the formation of the different shaped of scallops figuring the IMC layer were observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) also revealed the decreasing peak intensity of Cu6Sn5 phases with Si3N4. Overall, the entire range of composition of Si3N4 into Sn-0.7Cu monolithic solder use in this study indicated an enhancement of solderability performances on Cu-substrates

Construction Firm Readiness towards Implementing Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

The Malaysian government has taken the initiative of implementing Industrialised Building System (IBS) in which components are manufactured in mass production under a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. It is hope that IBS can improve the performance of construction industry. However, one of the main barriers in Malaysian IBS implementation is lack of integration among stakeholder involved during the project delivery stage. In order to overcome this barrier, a new collaborative procurement or project delivery namely as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) which is using a multi-party contract (more than two parties selected) has been introduced. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is defined as a project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all project participants to optimise the results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction. Although, many researchers have argue the importance of IPD in project delivery process, but the readiness of construction industries must be established. This research has used a quantitative research process that involved a few phases including literature review stage, data collection stage, framework development stage, validation and recommendation stage. This research is to obtain data based on multidisciplinary IBS stakeholders perspectives, respondent include project managers, resident engineers, architects and contractors are among the potential candidates. Respondents that directly involved in the construction industry mentioned that their firms are willing to change and implement IPD. The firms readiness recorded at the moderate mean value. It can be noted that each firm involved as respondents are ready to implement

The Effect of Acidic to the Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Artificial Aggregate

Abstract: The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which is widely used materials not only consumes significant amount of natural resources and energy but also pollutes the atmosphere by the emission of CO 2 . Hence, reduce this ill effect, the search for alternative result is geopolymer concrete. This experiment research focused on utilizing fly ash as source material. Fly ash is receiving more attention now since their uses generally improve the properties in construction industry, cost saving and reduction of negative environmental affects. Three different molarity of paste has been tested to acidic environment to determine the effect of acidic to the fly ash based geopolymer artificial aggregate. The geopolymer paste samples were cured at 70°C for 1 day and keep in room temperature until the testing days. The compressive strength and acid resistant testing was done at after 28 days. The result showed that the geopolymer paste with NaOH concentration of 12 M produced maximum strength

Analysis of the Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Fe 61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (Where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni Or Y) Ribbons

The paper presents the results of structural and magnetic properties and thermal stability for a group of functional materials based on Fe61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni or Y). Samples were obtained in the form of ribbons using melt-spinning method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of investigated samples confirmed their amorphous structure. Based on the analysis of DSC curves characteristic temperatures: glass forming temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx) and temperature range of the supercooled liquid ΔTx were determined. Small addition of transition metals elements has strong influence on magnetic and thermal parameters of studied materials. The comprehensive studies revealed that in terms of magnetic properties the Ni-addition resulted in highest reduction in coercivity and anisotropy field

Pos Besar, 01000 Kangar, Perlis Malaysia., Development of Pilot Plant for Novel Geopolymer Brick Making Machine

With rapid growing country's development and rose in construction activity, rising demand of building materials and increased construction wastes have encouraged the development of new building materials. Geopolymer based construction materials such as concrete, aggregate, brick and so on are getting good response by the public especially those in the construction and development industries nowadays. Geopolymer bricks making process consume less energy and low cost in term of raw materials and production compared to conventional bricks. It become a nessesity nowadays to provide a machine that produced construction material based on geopolymer that are compatible with geopolymer process that can improved productivity and promote geopoymer construction material to repace convertional construction material. This paper presents the main component, specification and controlling system of the geopolymer brick making machine. This paper also describes the basic operation of the brick produced by using novel geopolymer brick making machine. The capacity production is adequate which has mixing tank capacity of 40 kg per batch with high compaction pressure which is 40 tonne and low curing temperature needed (less than 100 °C) that can produce high quality and environmental friendly brick. The size of the brick produced is 9" x 4" x 2.5" accordance with the standard size based on British Standard BS 3921: 1985

Investigating The Possibility Of Utilization Of Kaolin And The Potential Of Metakaolin To Produce Green Cement For Construction Purposes -A Review

Abstract: Geopolymers are inorganic alkali aluminosilicate gels, formed from reaction of mineral clays or aluminosilicate-bearing industrial wastes, and treated with alkali silicate solution at 40 -80°C. Geopolymers have been studied for several decades due to their excellent mechanical properties. They are suitable for use in construction and refractory applications. This paper summarizes some important research findings over the last 30 years and attempts to explain the chemistry and reaction mechanisms of the geopolymerisation process. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the potential to produce green cement powder from kaolin and metakaolin as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC)

Surface resistivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity evaluation of reinforced opc concrete and reinforced geopolymer concrete in marine environment

The concrete structures that are built along the seaside often suffer from reduced service life due to inadequate durability against deterioration. This research reports the findings of concrete resistivity and quality using two Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) measures applied to Reinforced Geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete in the marine environment. In addition, the relationship between Reinforced Geopolymer and Reinforced OPC concrete was statistically discussed in-terms of strength and direction. The testing was carried out using a Proceeq Resipod Wenner 4-probe to measure Surface Resistivity (SR) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), respectively. The testings were carried out on beam shaped samples of OPC and Geopolymer concrete that were immersed in seawater over a period of 90 days with similar curing condition. It was found from the present investigation that the maximum SR and maximum UPV values acquired for both the Reinforced OPC and Reinforced Geopolymer concrete are 2.73 kΩcm and 2.07 kΩcm, as well as 4.18 km/s and 4.05 km/s, respectively. It is apparent from the study that both concrete is comparable in terms of quality and surface resistivity

Influence of Microcapsule Size and Shell Polarity on the Time-Dependent Viscosity of Geopolymer Paste

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