Seasonal effect on L. monocytogenes prevalence in meat and dairy products assessed by VIDAS LMO2 and ISO 11290:1 methods

In the present work, the seasonal distribution of L. monocytogenes in frequently consumed foods in the Aksaray region, an important transition point, was investigated by cultural and automated methods (ISO 11290 and VIDAS LMO2). For this purpose, a total of 800 food samples (100 samples of each white, kashar, cream, and Tulum cheeses, and beef, lamb, chicken, and turkey meats) were analysed. Listeria spp. were detected in 64 (8%) samples, and 177 suspected Listeria colonies were isolated. Of the 177 suspected colonies, 71 were identified as L. monocytogenes by the ISO 11290 and VIDAS LMO2 methods. The pathogen was detected from samples purchased during winter, spring, summer, and autumn at the rates of 3.7, 3, 26, and 3.6%, respectively; the highest isolation rate was found in summer, while the lowest isolation rate found in spring. Although the contamination of L. monocytogenes was found at the highest rate in summer, it has been revealed that there was a risk of listeriosis, which was not low, throughout the entire year

Effects of Ankaferd Hemostat on Helicobacter pylori strains and antibiotic resistance

Background/aim: Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd blood stopper, Istanbul, Turkey) is a folkloric medicinal plant extract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ankaferd hemostat (ABS) on the fate of Helicobacter pylori strains. The study also aims to determine alterations in the antimicrobial resistance of three different H. pylori strains in response to ABS exposure. Materials and methods: H. pylori Strain 1 was obtained from the culture collection ATCC 43504 and passaged three times for viability. Strain 2 was isolated from a gastric ulcer patient and Strain 3 was isolated from a gastritis patient. 1% of ABS was added to all of the strains and antimicrobial susceptibility was observed on 30 and 60 min after application. Results: The efficacy of ABS solutions in achieving significant logarithmic reduction in foodborne pathogens of H. pylori was observed in this study. This study showed that ABS has antibacterial (Anti-H. pylori) effects. Conclusion: Our present study indicated, for the first time, that ABS could act against H. pylori. ABS is clinically used for the management of GI bleeding due to benign and malignant GI lesions. Thus, the possible anti-H. pylori effect of ABS shall expand the therapeutic spectrum of the drug in GI lesions in relation to H. pylori infection such as peptic ulser disease (PUD) and lymphoid tissue ( MALT) lymphomagenesis

Climate change and goat agriculture interactions in the mediterranean region

Currently, even countries located within the temperate zone are affected by changes in global warming. These changes are associated with unprecedented events of extreme high ambient temperature, above 40 °C, and seasonal changes. The number of days with temperature humidity index above a specific comfort threshold (>68) has noticeably increased in recent years in the Mediterranean region. The rate of global warming, including in the temperate zone, is expected to continue to vulnerable in coming years. The economic importance of goat production has been increased during the last decades all over the world, predominantly in countries that are routinely exposed to harsh environment. Goats have numerous advantages that enable them to maintain their production under extreme climate conditions. Moreover goats emit less methane than other domestic ruminants. Based on these advantages, it can be said that goat breeding will play an important role in mitigating and adapting to climate change (CC) in harsh environments. The impacts of CC on goat production could be assessed analyzing the direct or indirect effects of climatic factors. The CC is expected to create indirect impacts on quality and amount of goat feeds, feeding strategies, seasonal usability of grasslands, genetic improvements (hybridization and others) and on the goat population. The interaction between goats and their environment in relation to their physiological stage, use of natural resource, waste management and crop production are direct effects of CC on goat production. In this chapter the direct and indirect effects and interactions of CC-animal-environment will be determined. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Heat stress effects on water metabolism of goats in harsh environments

Goats play a predominant role in the economies of millions of people, and they have been a source of meat, milk, skin, wool, and fiber since ages. Goats undergo various kinds of stressors under many different conditions, i.e., physical, nutritional, chemical, and physiological and heat stress (HS). Among all, thermal stress is the most concerning nowadays in the ever-changing climatic scenario, which supposes a serious long-term challenge faced by small ruminant owners worldwide. HS results in decreased growth, reproduction, production, and milk quantity and quality. Thus, HS results in economic losses, emphasizing the necessity to objectively assess animal welfare. The hot climate is a serious threat to agriculture business, including goat production. The ability of sheep and goats to cope with HS without affecting their welfare and productive performance has been often overrated. To date, little attention has been paid to comprehensive detailed data on the adverse effect of HS on small ruminants. Among domestic ruminants, goats are renowned for their ability to tolerate water and energy restriction. However, some basic questions regarding their ability to endure water restriction under HS are still open. Therefore, a definition of heat stress and its effects on water metabolism on goats will be the scope of this chapter. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Validation and verification of LAMP, ISO, and VIDAS UP methods for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in different food matrices

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important food-borne pathogens to threaten public health. Cultural methods are used as a gold standard while they are laborious and time-consuming. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is an alternative method that became widely used for the detection of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of LAMP method for detection of E. coli O157:H7, also to compare detection performances with VIDAS UP and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) methods in different food matrices (beef meat, minced lamb meat, milk, cheese, apple puree, and soybean sprouts). E. coli O157:H7 were spiked in three different levels (high 4.58; medium 2.32; low 0.30 log10 CFU/g-ml) to food matrices. Although there were no significant differences in terms of the specificity and sensitivity values among the three methods (p ≥.05), it was determined that the highest specificity and sensitivity values obtained from the LAMP method. Sensitivity and specificity values of LAMP method were found as 0.997 and 0.988, for the ISO method were 0.989 and 0.971, and for the VIDAS UP method were 0.980 and 0.963, respectively. In milk samples, sensitivity and specificity values of the VIDAS UP method were significantly lower than LAMP and ISO methods (p <.05). However, there were no significant differences found for the other food matrices among the three methods (p >.05). It can be summarized from this study that specificity and sensitivity values of the LAMP method are equal or higher and less time-consuming than ISO and VIDAS UP methods. In conclusion, using a simple, fast, and inexpensive detection method, such as LAMP, especially in endemic regions or in an outbreak to control spreading of pathogens, is very important for public health. © 201

characteristics

This study is designed to determine Salmonella prevalence in organic poultry farms and slaughterhouse in three different regions with distinct seasonal characteristics. Salmonella strains were isolated from organic reared poultry farm environment (water, feed, and feces) and poultry meat samples (neck skin and breast meat). Antibiotic resistance and 16S rRNA profiles were demonstrated with alignment scores. Salmonella spp. prevalences according to regions were, 51 of 200 (25.50%) samples taken from Region A, 77 of 200 (38.50%) samples taken from Region B, 105 of 200 (52.50%) samples taken from Region C. Serotyping of the strains revealed that S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are the most dormant strains among all strains. Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains revealed that major resistance against ampicillin. This study is held for an awareness rising about the possible impact of seasonality related with food borne pathogens prevalence.C1 [Incili, Gokhan Kursad] Firat Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, Elazig, Turkey.[Koluman, Ahmet] Pamukkale Univ, Technol Fac, Biomed Engn Dept, Denizli, Turkey.[Dikici, Abdullah] Usak Univ, Fac Engn, Food Engn Dept, Usak, Turkey.[Kahraman, Tolga] Istanbul Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Unlu, Abdullah Teoman] Ankara Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Vet Med, Ankara, Turkey

Characterization of Salmonella isolated from organically reared poultry located in the same longitude with three distinct seasonal characteristics

This study is designed to determine Salmonella prevalence in organic poultry farms and slaughterhouse in three different regions with distinct seasonal characteristics. Salmonella strains were isolated from organic reared poultry farm environment (water, feed, and feces) and poultry meat samples (neck skin and breast meat). Antibiotic resistance and 16S rRNA profiles were demonstrated with alignment scores. Salmonella spp. prevalences according to regions were, 51 of 200 (25.50%) samples taken from Region A, 77 of 200 (38.50%) samples taken from Region B, 105 of 200 (52.50%) samples taken from Region C. Serotyping of the strains revealed that S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are the most dormant strains among all strains. Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains revealed that major resistance against ampicillin. This study is held for an awareness rising about the possible impact of seasonality related with food borne pathogens prevalence. Practical applications: Poultry meat and meat products account for approximately one-third of all Salmonella infections in humans. The relation between environmental temperature and foodborne pathogens is a complex matter, which has not been investigated widely and is hard to predict. The data obtained in this study indicate a significant high prevalence in warm region, which may be evaluated as a possible key for environmental temperature effect on foodborne pathogens distribution in organically reared poultry. In addition, this study provides important information to show the sources of contamination steps ranging from farm to fork in organically reared poultry. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc