Migration and social mobility between Argentina and Spain : climbing the social hierarchy in the transnational space

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004This chapter analyses the relationship between migration and social mobility in Argentina and Spain from a transnational perspective focusing on two dimensions: the patterns of intergenerational social mobility of immigrants and natives in both countries; the social mobility strategies and trajectories of Galicians families in Buenos Aires and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis. The chapter begins by contextualizing the migratory trends in Europe and Latin America. This is followed by a comparative study of how immigration impacts on the class structure and social mobility patterns in Argentina and Spain. Quantitative analysis techniques are used to study the intergenerational social mobility rates. The statistical analysis of stratification and social mobility surveys have been benchmarked against previous studies conducted in Argentina (Germani, G., Movilidad social en la sociedad industrial. EUDEBA, Buenos Aires, 1963; Dalle, P., Movilidad social desde las clases populares. Un estudio sociológico en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (1960-2013). CLACSO/Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani-UBA/CICCUS, Buenos Aires, 2016) and Spain (Fachelli, S., & López-Roldán, P., Revista Española de Sociología 26:1-20, 2017). Secondly, qualitative research methods are used to consider the social mobility strategies and class trajectories of migrant families. We analyse two fieldworks, developed in the framework of other research projects (based on 44 biographical and semi-structured interviews). These case studies were carried out with Galicians that migrated to Argentina between 1940 and 1960 and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Ganglioneuroblastoma secretor de péptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP): a propósito de un caso

The case study involves a 22-month-old child with a 4-month course of chronic diarrhea, stagnant weight, bloated abdomen and hypokalemia. After a wide range of tests, he was diagnosed with a medium-risk right paravertebral ganglioneuroblastoma. Chemotherapy treatment was started, despite frequent hospital admissions because of moderate dehydration due to persistent diarrhea associated with hypokalemia and severe metabolic acidosis. A test for vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in serum was requested, which came out very high, confirming the suspected diagnosis of a ganglioneuroblastoma that was producing VIP. In the end, the patient had surgery, which involved the curative resection of the tumour and led to the resolution of the symptoms. The untreatable chronic diarrhea could be paraneoplastic syndrome from the ganglioneuroblastoma. In situations such as these, the measuring of VIP in serum could be crucial for diagnosis. Tumours that secrete VIP, or vipomas, are very rare in children, as they are most frequently tumours that form on the sympathetic nervous system (ganglioneuroma y ganglioneuroblastoma). They appear principally in children under 2 years old and normally have a favourable prognosis whenever they are removable. It is important to take this diagnostic possibility into account when assessing children with untreatable chronic diarrhea.Se presenta el caso de un niño de 22 meses con diarrea crónica de 4 meses de evolución, estancamiento ponderal, abdomen distendido e hipopotasemia. Tras la realización de pruebas complementarias se le diagnostica de ganglioneuroblastoma paravertebral derecho de riesgo intermedio. Se inicia tratamiento quimioterápico, a pesar del cual persisten los ingresos frecuentes por deshidrataciones moderadas debidas a diarreas persistentes asociadas a hipopotasemias y acidosis metabólicas severas. Se solicitan niveles de péptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP) en suero, que aparecen muy elevados, lo que confirma el diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma productor de VIP. Por último, se interviene quirúrgicamente al paciente, siendo la resección tumoral curativa y consiguiendo la resolución de los síntomas. La diarrea crónica intratable puede ser un síndrome paraneoplásico del ganglioneuroblastoma. En estas situaciones, las mediciones de VIP en suero pueden ser cruciales para el diagnóstico. Los tumores secretores de VIP o vipomas son muy raros en la infancia, y los tumores del sistema nervioso simpático (ganglioneuroma y ganglioneuroblastoma) son los más frecuentes. Se presentan principalmente en menores de 2 años y suelen tener un pronóstico favorable, siempre que sean resecables. Es importante valorar esta posibilidad diagnóstica en la evaluación de niños con diarrea crónica intratable

Effects of an 8-month exercise intervention on physical capacity, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life data in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by NYHA class

This article provides descriptive detailed (pre and post) values of physical capacity variables, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) (both, intervention and control group) by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class before and after an 8-month exercise intervention. The data are supplemental to our original Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) entitled “Benefits of skeletal-muscle exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The WHOLEi+12 trial” (L. González-Saiz, C. Fiuza-Luces, F. Sanchis-Gomar, A. Santos-Lozano, C.A. Quezada-Loaiza, A. Flox-Camacho, D. Munguía-Izquierdo, I. Ara, A. Santalla, M. Morán, P. Sanz-Ayan, P. Escribano-Subías, A. Lucia A, 2017) [1]

SLC11A1 promoter gene polymorphisms and fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C

Background and aims: The solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene (formerly Nramp1) encodes for the protein solute carrier family 11, member 1. It affects susceptibility and clinical outcome of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We investigated the possible role of the functional polymorphism located in the promoter region of SLC11A1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) genes in the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Methods: A total of 242 Caucasian Spanish patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C and 194 healthy control subjects were genotyped for SLC11A1 and TNF promoter polymorphisms. Results: No significant differences in the distribution of frequencies among patient and control groups were observed. The SCL11A1 homozygous 2/2 genotype was rarely detected among patients showing advanced fibrosis (2/82; 2.4%) but was highly represented in those with mild fibrosis (29/160; 18.1%; odds ratio (OR) 8.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–55.2, p(c) = 0.002). In patients carrying allele 3 of SLC11A1, the presence of −238 TNF A/G was associated with advanced fibrosis (14/26 (53.8%) v 68/216 (31.4%); OR 2.53 (95% CI 1.03–6.23); p = 0.02). Conclusions: SLC11A1 gene promoter polymorphism could influence fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C in that the homozygous genotype 2/2 exerts a protective effect against cirrhosis development. Also, the combination of TNF −238 A/G and the presence of allele 3 is conducive to progression to pre-cirrhotic or cirrhotic stages of the disease

Effects of an 8-month exercise intervention on physical capacity, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life data in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by NYHA class

This article provides descriptive detailed (pre and post) values of physical capacity variables, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) (both, intervention and control group) by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class before and after an 8-month exercise intervention. The data are supplemental to our original Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) entitled “Benefits of skeletal-muscle exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The WHOLEi+12 trial” (L. González-Saiz, C. Fiuza-Luces, F. Sanchis-Gomar, A. Santos-Lozano, C.A. Quezada-Loaiza, A. Flox-Camacho, D. Munguía-Izquierdo, I. Ara, A. Santalla, M. Morán, P. Sanz-Ayan, P. Escribano-Subías, A. Lucia A, 2017) .Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20170.341 SJR (2017) Q1, 28/115 Multidisciplinary; Q2, 515/1261 EducationNo data IDR 2017UE

Benefits of skeletal-muscle exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The WHOLEi + 12 trial

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is often associated with skeletal-muscle weakness. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of an 8-week intervention combining muscle resistance, aerobic and inspiratory pressure-load exercises on upper/lower-body muscle power and other functional variables in patients with this disease. Participants were allocated to a control (standard care) or intervention (exercise) group (n = 20 each, 45 ± 12 and 46 ± 11 years, 60% women and 10% patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension per group). The intervention included five, three and six supervised (inhospital) sessions/week of aerobic, resistance and inspiratory muscle training, respectively. The primary endpoint was peak muscle power during bench/leg press; secondary outcomes included N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, 6-min walking distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, maximal inspiratory pressure, cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables (e.g., peak oxygen uptake), health-related quality of life, physical activity levels, and safety. Adherence to training sessions averaged 94 ± 0.5% (aerobic), 98 ± 0.3% (resistance) and 91 ± 1% (inspiratory training). Analysis of variance showed a significant interaction (group × time) effect for leg/bench press (P 0.1). We found a significant interaction effect (P < 0.001) for five-repetition sit-to-stand test, maximal inspiratory pressure and peak oxygen uptake (P < 0.001), indicating a training-induced improvement. No major adverse event was noted due to exercise. An 8-week exercise intervention including aerobic, resistance and specific inspiratory muscle training is safe for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and yields significant improvements in muscle power and other functional variables.Sin financiación4.034 JCR (2017) Q2, 41/128 Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems1.200 SJR (2017) Q1, 78/369 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2017UE