136 research outputs found
Democracy in Latin America: status and prospects
The purpose of this essay is to examine the status of democracy in Latin American countries as well as the prospects upcoming for the region in the present decade. We will provide a map of the subject that includes a basic definition of democracy, an overview of theories about how democracies arise and may be maintained, as a continuum, and a review of what we know empirically about Latin American democratization. We suggest a model in which political culture and social structure influence each other, and that both directly influence political processes, which in turn mediates between these causal factors and the actual emergence of democratic rules of the political game in every particular country. The approach is completed with a series of lapop Data that shows up how far and in what direction democracy is taking place in Lati
Optical coherence tomography in central retinal artery occlusion
CLINICAL CASES: Three eyes with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) have been
studied. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in each of them.
Ophthalmoscopic signs of CRAO were equivocal in the three eyes. However, the
presence of a hyporeflective signal in the OCT scan could be seen clearly in each
of them. DISCUSSION: The presence of a hyporeflective band between the
neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium in OCT images, that
persist for several months after a CRAO episode, is useful in establishing the
diagnosis in these patient
Aceite de silicona para el tratamiento de la maculopatía hipotónica
Case report: We report a case of a man who developed hypotonic maculopathy after vitreoretinal surgery for anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. After an injection of intravitreal triamcinolone, the ocular pressure did not increase, therefore silicone oil was injected. After this, the visual acuity increased and the choroidal and retinal folds regressed.
Discussion: Hypotonic maculopathy is a frustrating problem, often resulting in poor visual acuity. There are not many effective treatments. The injection of silicone oil could be an alternative to increase the intraocular pressure and re-establish the normal anatomy of the eye, improving the visual acuity in some patient
Neuropatía óptica autoinmune recidivante bilateral en la infancia
Clinical case: A ten year-old girl, after a Yersinia
gastroenteritis, developed an optic neuritis in the
left eye. She was not treated and resulted ultimately
in optic atrophy on the affected side. Six months
later a similar episode occurred in the contralateral
eye. On this occasion corticosteroid therapy was
given. During this therapy the neuritis diminished;
however the patient had three relapses, so it was
decided to give her immunosuppressive treatment
with azathioprine and continue this indefinitely.
Discussion: After considering the differential diagnoses
of bilateral recurrent optical neuritis in childhood,
we concluded that it was most likely to have
an autoimmune basis. After considering the benefits
and risks of the long-term treatment, we believe
immunosuppressive therapy is most useful in controlling
the disease allowing corticosteroid therapy
to be reduced (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2006; 81:
607-610)
Oftalmopatía tiroidea: determinación de parámetros de actividad clínica de la oftalmopatía tiroidea como factor pronóstico de respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor
Objective: To determine the usefulness of the clinical, biochemical and thyroid imaging parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, in predicting their response to immunosuppressive treatment.
Methods: This retrospective study of 16 patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy considered a number of variables including sex, age, thyroid hormone levels, treatment of the thyroid dysfunction, clinical activity score (CAS), severity (NOSPECS) of the ophthalmopathy, signs in standardized A-mode ultrasonography, in CAT and/or NMR, and previously used treatments and their effectiveness.
Results: The average age of the patients was 50.81 (S.D: 11.89) years; there were 5 males (31.3%) and 11 females (68.8%). The ophthalmopathy was classified as active in 10/16 patients (62.5%) and inactive in 6/16 (37.5%); and as moderate in 9/16 (56.25%) and severe in 7/16 (43.75%) according to the severity defined in NOSPECS. Ultrasonography was diagnostic in 100% of the cases.
The severity decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), however the clinical activity decrease did not reach significance (p=0.38) during immunosuppressive therapy. Better results were obtained during treatment of patients with a higher CAS (p=0.04) and in those with more severe ophthalmopathy (p=0.02). There was a tendency for the patients with higher levels of TSI to respond better to the treatment (p=0.06).
Conclusions: The CAS is the best parameter to quantify the activity of the disease and predicting the response to treatment. The higher the CAS and the more severe the ophthalmopathy, the better the response to treatment. No association existed between thyroid function and the activity or severity of the ophthalmopathy; or the effectiveness of treatmen
Hemorragia submacular traumática tratada con rt-PA y SF6
This patient was afflicted by a traumatic submacular hemorrhage. A
posterior vitrectomy was performed and intravitreal rt-PA and SF6 were
administered. Four weeks later, the visual acuity had increased from 0.1 to 0.8.
No complications due to the treatment with rt-PA were reported. DISCUSSION: It is
known that waiting for the spontaneous blood removal in such cases results in a
poor visual acuity recovery due to a toxic effect of the blood products. Both
rt-PA and the SF6 are useful for the treatment of submacular hemorrhages
secondary to age-related macular degeneration, and this case report has shown
they are also useful to lyse traumatic blood clots, thus contributing to a better
recovery of visual acuity
The influence of temperature in a capillary imbibition salt weathering simulation test on Mokattam limestone
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Syndrome in Spain: Clinical and Genetic Characterization
Simple Summary Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas (CLMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULMs), renal cysts (RCys) and renal cell cancer (RCC), with no data on its prevalence worldwide. No genotype-phenotype associations have been described. The aim of our study was to describe the genotypic and phenotypic features of the largest series of patients with HLRCC from Spain reported to date. Of 27 FH germline pathogenic variants, 12 were not previously reported in databases. Patients with missense pathogenic variants showed higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys, than those with loss-of-function variants. The frequency of RCCs (10.9%) was lower than those reported in the previously published series. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC) is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas (CLMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULMs), renal cysts (RCys) and renal cell cancers (RCCs). We aimed to describe the genetics, clinical features and potential genotype-phenotype associations in the largest cohort of fumarate hydratase enzyme mutation carriers known from Spain using a multicentre, retrospective study of individuals with a genetic or clinical diagnosis of HLRCC. We collected clinical information from medical records, analysed genetic variants and looked for genotype-phenotype associations. Analyses were performed using R 3.6.0. software. We included 197 individuals: 74 index cases and 123 relatives. CLMs were diagnosed in 65% of patients, ULMs in 90% of women, RCys in 37% and RCC in 10.9%. Twenty-seven different pathogenic variants were detected, 12 (44%) of them not reported previously. Patients with missense pathogenic variants showed higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys, than those with loss-of-function variants (p = 0.0380, p = 0.0015 and p = 0.024, respectively). This is the first report of patients with HLRCC from Spain. The frequency of RCCs was lower than those reported in the previously published series. Individuals with missense pathogenic variants had higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys
The Vega debris disc: A view from Herschel
We present five band imaging of the Vega debris disc obtained using the Herschel Space Observatory. These data span a wavelength range of 70–500 μm with full-width half-maximum angular resolutions of 5.6–36.9”. The disc is well resolved in all bands, with the ring structure visible at 70 and 160 μm. Radial profiles of the disc surface brightness are produced, and a disc radius of 11” (~85 AU) is determined. The disc is seen to have a smooth structure thoughout the entire wavelength range, suggesting that the disc is in a steady state, rather than being an ephemeral structure caused by the recent collision of two large planetesimals
The Vega debris disc: A view from Herschel
We present five band imaging of the Vega debris disc obtained using the Herschel Space Observatory. These data span a wavelength range of 70-500 mu m with full-width half-maximum angular resolutions of 5.6-36.9 ''. The disc is well resolved in all bands, with the ring structure visible at 70 and 160 mu m. Radial profiles of the disc surface brightness are produced, and a disc radius of 11 '' (similar to 85AU) is determined. The disc is seen to have a smooth structure thoughout the entire wavelength range, suggesting that the disc is in a steady state, rather than being an ephemeral structure caused by the recent collision of two large planetesimals
- …