Integrin-Associated Protein Association With Src Homology 2 Domain Containing Tyrosine Phosphatase Substrate 1 Regulates IGF-I Signaling In Vivo

OBJECTIVE—Smooth muscle cell (SMC) maintained in medium containing normal levels of glucose do not proliferate in response to IGF-I, whereas cells maintained in medium containing 25 mmol/l glucose can respond. The aim of this study was to determine whether signaling events that have been shown to be required for stimulation of SMC growth were regulated by glucose concentrations in vivo

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin by means of its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin recognition sequence. In vitro mutagenesis was used to alter this RGD sequence to Trp-Gly-Asp (WGD). Migration of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the wild-type protein was more than 3-fold greater in 48 hr compared with cells expressing the WGD mutant form of IGFBP-1. Similarly, wild-type IGFBP-1 added to the media of control CHO cells stimulated migration 2-fold compared with the WGD protein. A synthetic RGD-containing peptide, when added to the medium with wild-type IGFBP-1, blocked the effect of IGFBP-1 on cell migration. The addition of IGF-I to the culture medium had no effect on the migration of cells expressing IGFBP-1 or vector alone. Affinity chromatography of 125I-labeled CHO cell membrane proteins, using IGFBP-1 coupled to agarose, identified the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin (fibronectin receptor) as the only cell surface molecule capable of binding IGFBP-1 in an RGD-dependent manner. Furthermore, wild-type IGFBP-1, but not the WGD mutant form, could be coprecipitated from CHO cells with an antibody directed against the alpha 5 integrin subunit. These studies demonstrate that IGFBP-1 stimulates CHO cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor, both by an RGD-dependent mechanism. The effect of IGFBP-1 on migration is independent of IGF-I and is probably mediated through the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin

Structural and Functional Evidence for the Interaction of Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs) and IGF Binding Proteins with Vitronectin

Previous studies demonstrated that IGF-II binds directly to vitronectin (VN), whereas IGF-I binds poorly. However, binding of VN to integrins has been demonstrated to be essential for a range of IGF-I-stimulated biological effects, including IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5 production, IGF type-1 receptor autophosphorylation, and cell migration. Thus, we hypothesized that a link between IGF-I and VN must occur and may be mediated through IGFBPs. This was tested using competitive binding assays with VN and 125iodine-labeled IGFs in the absence and presence of IGFBPs. IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, and nonglycosylated IGFBP-3 were shown to significantly enhance binding of IGF-I to VN, whereas IGFBP-2 and glycosylated IGFBP-3 had a smaller effect. Furthermore, binding studies with analogs indicate that glycosylation status and the heparin-binding domain of IGFBP-3 are important in this interaction. To examine the functional significance of IGFs binding to VN, cell migration in MCF7 cells was measured and found to be enhanced when VN was prebound to IGF-I in the presence of IGFBP-5. The effect required IGF:IGFBP:VN complex formation; this was demonstrated by use of a non-IGFBP-binding IGF-I analog. Together, these data indicate the importance of IGFBPs in modulating IGF-I binding to VN and that this binding has functional consequences in cells

Renal lymphoma in an azotemic patient--usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging

An azotemic patient benefited from diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of his renal mass. This led to suspicion of lymphoma, and provided guidance for percutaneous biopsy. Chemotherapy was then initiated, and an unnecessary nephrectomy was avoided. After a year of follow-up, evolution was stable and renal function significantly improved

Extracellular matrix contains insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5: potentiation of the effects of IGF-I.

Abstract. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been shown to serve as carrier proteins for the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and to modulate their biologic effects. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to be a reservoir for IGF-I and IGF-U, we examined the ECM of cultured human fetal fibroblasts and found that IGFBP-5 was incorporated intact into ECM, while mostly inert proteolytic fragments were found in the medium. In contrast, two other forms of IGFBP that are secreted by these cells were either present in ECM in minimal amounts (IGFBP-3) or not detected (IGFBP-4). Likewise, when purified IGFBPs were incubated with ECM, IGFBP-5 bound preferentially. IGFBP-5 was found to bind to types III and IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin

Evolution of ancient functions in the vertebrate insulin-like growth factor system uncovered by study of duplicated salmonid fish genomes

This work was supported by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland pooling initiative, funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant number HR09011) and contributing institutions.Whole genome duplication (WGD) was experienced twice by the vertebrate ancestor (2 rounds; 2R), again by the teleost fish ancestor (3R) and most recently in certain teleost lineages (4R). Consequently, vertebrate gene families are often expanded in 3R and 4R genomes. Arguably, many types of ‘functional divergence’ present across 2R gene families will exceed that between 3R/4R paralogues of genes comprising 2R families. Accordingly, 4R offers a form of replication of 2R. Examining if this concept has implications for molecular evolutionary research, we studied insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs), whose six 2R family members carry IGF hormones and regulate interactions between IGFs and IGF1-receptors (IGF1Rs). Using phylogenomic approaches, we resolved the complete IGFBP repertoire of 4R-derived salmonid fishes (nineteen genes; thirteen more than human) and established evolutionary relationships/nomenclature with respect to WGDs. Traits central to IGFBP action were determined for all genes, including atomic interactions in IGFBP-IGF1/IGF2 complexes regulating IGF-IGF1R binding. Using statistical methods, we demonstrate that attributes of these protein interfaces are overwhelming a product of 2R IGFBP family membership, explain 49-68% of variation in IGFBP mRNA concentration in several different tissues and strongly predict the strength and direction of IGFBP transcriptional regulation under differing nutritional-states. The results support a model where vertebrate IGFBP family members evolved divergent structural attributes to provide distinct competition for IGFs with IGF1Rs, pre-disposing different functions in the regulation of IGF-signaling. Evolution of gene expression acted to ensure the appropriate physiological production of IGFBPs according to their structural specializations, leading to optimal IGF-signaling according to nutritional-status and the endocrine/local mode of action. This study demonstrates that relatively recent gene family expansion can facilitate inference of functional evolution within ancient genetic systems.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe