A push to cycling - Exploring the e-bike’s role in overcoming barriers to bicycle use with a survey and an intervention study

In Norway, as in many countries, there is a political goal to increase bicycle use. The electric bicycle (e-bike) is a promising tool for achieving this goal, given the hilliness of the country. However, little is yet known about the deterrents of cycling in Norway in general, and in particular how the purchase of an e-bike could be stimulated. In the current study, 5500 respondents from a convenience sample among car owners were asked about their perceptions of bicycling in general, and of e-bikes in particular as well as their willingness to pay for an e-bike. Randomly selected participants (N=66) were given access to an e-bike for a limited time (2 or 4 weeks). A second questionnaire captured the same perceptions and willingness to pay post-intervention. Results were compared with a control group (N=214). The results showed that those who cycle the least were most interested in buying an e-bike and that prior knowledge of the e-bike corresponded with a higher desire to buy one. Pro-environmental values did not predict interest in e-bikes, neither did norms and attitudes towards cycling. The willingness to pay for an e-bike increased after having experienced the benefits for those who used an e-bike compared to those who did not. Price reduction of the e-bike (e.g. VAT exemption), spread of knowledge among the wider population, and actions to offer an e-bike experience may therefore be effective strategies for further expansion of the e-bike in the transport system and thereby to increase bicycle use in Norway

Successful modeling, design, and test of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

Plasmas in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) are collisionless and can therefore be simulated by only following the motion of electrons in the confining static magnetic and oscillating microwave field of ECRIS. The experimental performance of three different ECRIS is successfully compared to calculated spatial electron (plasma) and electron energy density as well as to the energy spectrum and the average energy of the electrons. Further simulations suggest a new and better design of an ECRIS, the good experimental performance of which corresponds to the predictions

P17-23. Enhanced expression of HIV antigens and improved antigen presentation after infection with replication competent attenuated vaccinia virus in vitro

1 página.-- Presentación de póster presentation.-- Este artículo es parte del suplemento: AIDS Vaccine 2009.Peer reviewe

A Novel Curriculum for Medical Student Training in LGBTQ Healthcare: A Regional Pathway Experience.

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals face considerable health disparities, often due to a lack of LGBTQ-competent care. Such disparities and lack of access to informed care are even more staggering in rural settings. As the state medical school for the Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) region, the University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) is in a unique position to train future physicians to provide healthcare that meets the needs of LGBTQ patients both regionally and nationally. Objective: To describe our methodology of developing a student-driven longitudinal, region-wide curriculum to train medical students to provide high-quality care to LGBTQ patients. Methods: A 4-year LGBTQ Health Pathway was developed and implemented as a student-led initiative at the UWSOM. First- and second-year medical students at sites across the WWAMI region are eligible to apply. Accepted Pathway students complete a diverse set of pre-clinical and clinical components: online modules, didactic courses, longitudinal community service/advocacy work, a scholarly project, and a novel clinical clerkship in LGBTQ health developed specifically for this Pathway experience. Students who complete all requirements receive a certification of Pathway completion. This is incorporated into the Medical Student Performance Evaluation as part of residency applications. Results: The LGBTQ Health Pathway is currently in its fourth year. A total of 43 total students have enrolled, of whom 37.3% are based in the WWAMI region outside of Seattle. Pathway students have completed a variety of scholarly projects on LGBTQ topics, and over 1000 hours of community service/advocacy. The first cohort of 8 students graduated with a certificate of Pathway completion in spring 2020. Conclusions: The LGBTQ Health Pathway at UWSOM is a novel education program for motivated medical students across the 5-state WWAMI region. The diverse milestones, longitudinal nature of the program, focus on rural communities, and opportunities for student leadership are all strengths and unique aspects of this program. The Pathway curriculum and methodology described here serve as a model for student involvement and leadership in medical education. This program enables medical students to enhance their training in the care of LGBTQ patients and provides a unique educational opportunity for future physicians who strive to better serve LGBTQ populations

Nonequilibrium evolution of Phi**4 theory in 1+1 dimensions in the 2PPI formalism

We consider the out-of-equilibrium evolution of a classical condensate field and its quantum fluctuations for a Phi**4 model in 1+1 dimensions with a symmetric and a double well potential. We use the 2PPI formalism and go beyond the Hartree approximation by including the sunset term. In addition to the mean field phi= the 2PPI formalism uses as variational parameter a time dependent mass M**2(t) which contains all local insertions into the Green function. We compare our results to those obtained in the Hartree approximation. In the symmetric Phi**4 theory we observe that the mean field shows a stronger dissipation than the one found in the Hartree approximation. The dissipation is roughly exponential in an intermediate time region. In the theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e., with a double well potential, the field amplitude tends to zero, i.e., to the symmetric configuration. This is expected on general grounds: in 1+1 dimensional quantum field theory there is no spontaneous symmetry breaking for T >0, and so there should be none at finite energy density (microcanonical ensemble), either. Within the time range of our simulations the momentum spectra do not thermalize and display parametric resonance bands.Comment: 14 pages, 18 encapsulated postscript figures; v2 minor changes, new appendix, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

Effects of de-implementation strategies aimed at reducing low-value nursing procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: In the last decade, there is an increasing focus on detecting and compiling lists of low-value nursing procedures. However, less is known about effective de-implementation strategie