The experience of educational research at doctoral level in the region of Cuyo, Argentina

[EN] In this paper are reported the results of an exploratory-analytical research of a qualitative nature, whose intention is to approach the comprehension of the experiences, their peculiarities and problems, of a sample of students and graduates from the three doctorates in Education existing in the region of Cuyo, Argentina, which –though they reach a certain maturity– also show in these years some specific difficulties, among which the most relevant is the low rate of completion (close to 20%). The administered questionnaire, elaborated ad hoc, by means of open-ended questions, inquires on three dimensions that can explain the experience of the PhD student: 1) educational research methodology training, 2) practice in scientific research and 3) doctoral research process. The results show that curricular paths of doctorate’s research methodology, in dependence of their approach, play an important role in the process of theses, in synergy with other factors: integration into a research team, a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motives in the choice of the topic, a more elaborated conceptualization of educational research, conceptual changes of greater importance. Among the peculiarities, one warns the primacy of the experience and/or teacher workplace in decisions concerning doctoral research; among the difficulties, stand out the lack of time and the major frequency of intrinsic difficulties to the thesis in delayed students.[ES] En este trabajo se informan los resultados de una investigación exploratorio-analítica de carácter cualitativo, cuyo propósito es acercarnos a la comprensión de las experiencias, sus particularidades y problemáticas, de una muestra de alumnos y egresados de los tres doctorados en Educación existentes en la región de Cuyo, Argentina, los que –si bien alcanzan una cierta madurez– también muestran en estos años algunas dificultades específicas, entre las cuales la más relevante es la baja tasa de finalización (cercana al 20%). El cuestionario que se administra, elaborado ad hoc, mediante preguntas abiertas, indaga sobre tres dimensiones que pueden explicar la experiencia del doctorando: 1) formación en metodología de la investigación educativa, 2) práctica en investigación científica y 3) proceso de investigación doctoral. Los resultados muestran que los trayectos curriculares de metodología de la investigación del doctorado, en dependencia de su enfoque, desempeñan un papel relevante en el proceso de tesis, en sinergia con otros factores: la inserción en un equipo de investigación, una combinación de motivos intrínsecos y extrínsecos en la elección del tema, una conceptualización más elaborada de investigación educativa, cambios conceptuales de mayor envergadura. Entre las peculiaridades, se advierte la primacía de la experiencia y/o desempeño docente en decisiones relativas a la investigación doctoral; entre las dificultades, destaca la falta de tiempo y la mayor frecuencia de dificultades intrínsecas a la tesis en los estudiantes demorados.Difabio De Anglat, H.; Portela De Nieto, A.; Gelonch Villarino, S.; Muscará, F.; Boarini De Dutto, MG. (2018). La experiencia de investigación educativa de nivel doctoral en la región de Cuyo, Argentina. 11-32. doi:10.4995/redu.2018.5690SWORD113

A Review of Interventions to Reduce Mechanical Restraint and Seclusion among Adult Psychiatric Inpatients

Objective: This review examines nature and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the use of mechanical restraint and seclusion among adult psychiatric inpatients. Method: Electronic searches were conducted to locate post-1960 empirical studies of restraint and seclusion reduction in English. A total of 36 studies were identified, mostly from the USA. Analysis was conducted using a structured data extraction tool. Results: The majority of studies reported reduced levels or mechanical restraint and/or seclusion, but the standard of evidence was poor. There were no randomised trials. Most were retrospective studies of official records before and after the intervention was introduced, with varying follow-up periods. The interventions were diverse, but tended to include one or more of the following: new restraint and/or seclusion policies, staffing changes, staff training, review procedures and crisis management initiatives. The research was unable to address which of these elements was most effective. There was also evidence that some improved outcomes were achieved by substituting restraint or seclusion for each other or for alternatives forms of containment (medication in particular). Nurses’ attitudes, skills and approach to patient care were absent from the literature. Conclusions: Interventions probably can reduce the use of restraint and seclusion, but better designed research is required to demonstrate their effectiveness conclusively. More attention should also be paid to understanding how interventions work, particularly from the perspective of nursing staff. This is essential to the successful implementation of restraint and seclusion interventions across different psychiatric settings and treatment populations

Investigaciones en ciencias humanas y sociales : del ABC disciplinar a la reflexión metodológica

Diversidad de objetos, variedad de enfoques, prácticas disciplinares y multidisciplinares, y ejemplos de ejecución de proyectos de investigación y desarrollo son los rasgos distintivos de los siete capítulos que integran esta obra. En ellos se recoge el material desplegado en los Seminarios-Talleres de Metodología de la Investigación en Humanidades que se realizaron en el marco de las V Jornadas de Investigación de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en setiembre de 2004: estudios sobre procesos sociales, cuestiones educativas, geográficas, históricas, lingüísticas y literarias. Algunos capítulos han mantenido el estilo y formato característicos del contexto de los seminarios-talleres, a veces con ligeras modificaciones; otros han sido enteramente reescritos para la convocatoria de esta publicación. Este libro refleja entonces abordajes disciplinares y pluridisciplinares diversos a problemáticas igualmente variadas. Por tratarse de propuestas orientadas a y/o basadas en seminarios-talleres, está claro que los autores involucrados no pueden abarcar todos los aspectos de los objetos de estudio respectivos. Sin embargo, la idea es al menos brindar algún punto de vista sobre el estadio de desarrollo de algunas de las investigaciones actualmente en ejecución en nuestra Facultad

Efficacy of manipulation for non-specific neck pain of recent onset: design of a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Manipulation is a common treatment for non-specific neck pain. Neck manipulation, unlike gentler forms of manual therapy such as mobilisation, is associated with a small risk of serious neurovascular injury and can result in stroke or death. It is thought however, that neck manipulation provides better results than mobilisation where clinically indicated. There is long standing and vigorous debate both within and between the professions that use neck manipulation as well as the wider scientific community as to whether neck manipulation potentially does more harm than good. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether neck manipulation provides more rapid resolution of an episode of neck pain than mobilisation. METHODS/DESIGN: 182 participants with acute and sub-acute neck pain will be recruited from physiotherapy, chiropractic and osteopathy practices in Sydney, Australia. Participants will be randomly allocated to treatment with either manipulation or mobilisation. Randomisation will occur after the treating practitioner decides that manipulation is an appropriate treatment for the individual participant. Both groups will receive at least 4 treatments over 2 weeks. The primary outcome is number of days taken to recover from the episode of neck pain. Cox regression will be used to compare survival curves for time to recovery for the manipulation and mobilisation treatment groups. DISCUSSION: This paper presents the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of neck manipulation and neck mobilisation for acute and subacute neck pain

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Effectiveness of a Computerized Cognitive Training Program for Reducing Head Impact Kinematics in Youth Ice Hockey Players

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(1): 149-161, 2021. Cognitive training (CT) is an effective technique to improve neurological performance, but has not been investigated as a head impact primary prevention strategy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the CT’s effectiveness in reducing head impact kinematics in youth ice hockey players. Twenty youth were divided into two groups: a CT and Control group. The CT group performed two 30-minute sessions of IntelliGym CT weekly for 20 weeks and the control group performed two 30-minute sessions weekly evaluating hockey videos. The dependent variables, number of head impacts, cumulative linear acceleration (CLA) and rotational acceleration (CRA) and mean linear and rotation peak acceleration, were compared with repeated measures ANOVAs, with post-hoc for main effect of time for each group, between the first and second half of the season. There were significant interactions for number of head impacts (p = 0.014) and CLA (p = 0.043) and post-hoc testing identified reductions in the second half of the season for the CT, but not control, group. There were no interactions for CRA, mean peak linear acceleration, and mean peak rotational acceleration. These preliminary results suggest CT may be an effective primary prevention strategy to reduce head impacts and cumulative linear acceleration in youth ice hockey players

New solid-phase approach to obtain 3'-derivatized oligonucleotides

The solid-phase synthesis of 3'-derivatized oligonucleotides, by using a support which links the first nucleoside-3'-phosphate through the nucleobase, is reported. Following this procedure, the marking molecules can easily incorporated in satisfactory yields at the 3'-phosphate terminus either before or after the chain assembly