Penguatan Modal Sosial dan Komunikasi bagi Relawan Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Salatiga Jawa Tengah

Badan Kerja Sama Antar Gereja (BKGS) di Salatiga merasa prihatin dengan pelayanan pendidikan agama Kristen di beberapa Sekolah Dasar (SD) baik SD Negeri maupun swasta di kota Salatiga yang ternyata masih memiliki kekurangan guru. Persoalan kurangnya guru PAK khususnya di tingkat Sekolah Dasar inilah yang kemudian BPGS merekrut sukarelawan guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK). Penyelenggara Bimas Kristen Salatiga menginformasikan bahwa sejak bulan September 2018 terdapat 12 SD yang tidak terlayani pendidikan agama bagi para siswa yang beragama Kristen dan 8 SD yang tidak terlayani pendidikan agama bagi para siswa yang beragama Katolik. Sebagai sukarelawan guru-guru tidak digaji selayaknya, hanya berdasarkan sukarela dari sekolah dimana mereka mengajar. Untuk itu, agar para relawan guru ini tetap dapat menjadi guru yang profesional diperlukan suatu workshop kompetensi dan untuk meningkatkan rasa keterpanggilan serta rasa kebersamaan diperlukan kegiatan spiritual dan sosial. Untuk itu dilakukan workshop penguatan modal sosial dan komunikasi bagi para relawan guru dengan tujuan para relawan guru menyadari akan pentingnya modal sosial sehingga memiliki semangat untuk terus menguatkan modal sosial yang dimiliki dan juga menerapkan komunikasi yang komunikatif serta produktif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan permainan edukatif, interaksi, dan workshop. Dari kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan para guru menyatakan memiliki manfaat terhadap materi yang sudah diberikan dan memperkuat modal sosial dalam melaksanakan tugas nya sebagai relawan guru PAK yang sedang dijalani, serta dapat memahami komunikasi yang efektif untuk diterapkan pada saat melakukan pengajaran dan pendampingan murid PAUD.The Inter-Church Cooperation Agency (BKGS) in Salatiga is concerned about Christian religious education services in several elementary schools (SD), both public and private elementary schools in the city of Salatiga, which apparently still have a shortage of teachers. The problem of the lack of PAK teachers, especially at the elementary school level, is what BPGS then recruits for volunteer Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers. The organizers of the Salatiga Christian Community Guidance informed that since September 2018 there have been 12 elementary schools that have not served religious education for Christian students and 8 elementary schools that have not served religious education for Catholic students. As volunteers, teachers are not paid properly, only on a voluntary basis from the school where they teach. For this reason, so that these teacher volunteers can still become professional teachers, a competency workshop is needed and to increase the sense of calling and a sense of togetherness, spiritual and social activities are needed. For this reason, a workshop on strengthening social capital and communication was held for teacher volunteers with the aim of teacher volunteers realizing the importance of social capital so that they have the enthusiasm to continue to strengthen their social capital and also apply communicative and productive communication. The method used is educational games, interactions, and workshops. From the activities that have been carried out, the teachers state that they have benefited from the material that has been given and strengthen social capital in carrying out their duties as PAK teacher volunteers who are being undertaken, and can understand effective communication to be applied when teaching and mentoring PAUD students

Self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of menstrual symptoms among university women in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to female undergraduate and graduate students (n = 706) at four universities in Southwest Nigeria in 2008. The universities were selected by convenience and the study samples within each university were randomly selected cluster samples. The survey was self-administered and included questions pertaining to menstrual symptoms, analgesic and antibiotic use patterns, and demographics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The response rate was 95.4%. Eighty-six percent (95% CI: 83-88%) of participants experienced menstrual symptoms, and 39% (95% CI: 36-43%) reported using analgesics to treat them. Overall, 24% (95% CI: 21-27%) of participants reported self-medicated use of antibiotics to treat the following menstrual symptoms: cramps, bloating, heavy bleeding, headaches, pimples/acne, moodiness, tender breasts, backache, joint and muscle pain. Factors associated with this usage were: lower levels of education (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.1, p-value: 0.03); nonscience major (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03-2.50, p-value: 0.04); usage of analgesics (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.07-4.86, p-value: <0.001); and mild to extreme heavy bleeding (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01-2.67, p-value: 0.05) and pimples/acne (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98-2.54, p-value: 0.06). Ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were used to treat the most symptoms. Doctors or nurses (6%, 95% CI: 4-7%), friends (6%, 95% CI: 4-7%) and family members (7%, 95% CI: 5-8%) were most likely to recommend the use of antibiotics for menstrual symptoms, while these drugs were most often obtained from local chemists or pharmacists (10.2%, 95% CI: 8-12%). Conclusions: This is the first formal study to report that approximately 1 out of 4 university women surveyed in Southwest Nigeria self-medicate with antibiotics to treat menstrual symptoms. This practice could provide monthly, low-dose exposures to antibiotics among users. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impacts of selfmedication on student health

Capsaicin effectively prevents apoptosis in the contralateral testis after ipsilateral testicular torsion

Objective To evaluate the effect of afferent nerve blockage by administration of capsaicin on apoptotic changes in the contralateral testis in rats undergoing ipsilateral testicular torsion. Materials and methods Twenty male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1 and 2, rats underwent a sham operation and testicular torsion, respectively, after the intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% NaCl. Similarly, in groups 3 and 4 the rats underwent a sham operation and testicular torsion, respectively, after an intraperitoneal capsaicin injection. The testes were untwisted 24 h later and the contralateral testes harvested. Apoptosis was assessed in paraffin-embedded sections stained for nuclear DNA fragmentation. Fifteen cells were counted in each seminiferous tubule and the apoptotic cells recorded. A score was calculated for each group and the results compared using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann Whitney U-tests, with P < 0.05 considered to be significant. Results The mean apoptotic score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of the other groups. There was no difference between the apoptotic scores of groups 1 and 3, 1 and 4, and 3 and 4. Conclusion Capsaicin effectively prevented apoptosis in the contralateral testes of rats that had undergone testicular torsion

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 productions in response to platelet-activating factor in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

WOS: 000223490600007PubMed ID: 15316260Objective: The aim of this study was to determine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. Methods: Subjects were grouped into three subgroups. The mean age was 37+/-10 years. Group A (n=15), group B (n=10) and group C (n=9) subjects were HBV serology-negative, had natural immunity after recovery from an acute HBV infection, and were chronic HBV carriers, respectively. Results: Compared with group A, PBMCs from naturally immune subjects and chronic HBV carriers produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to PAF. In chronic HBV carriers, TNF-alpha (1,633.3+/-793.7) and IL-6 (2,533.3+/-466.3) production was statistically lower than TNF-alpha (2,630.0+/-727.3) and IL-6 (3,870.0+/-728.4) obtained from naturally immune subjects to HBV. Conclusion: Differences of TNF-alpha levels between chronic HBV carriers and naturally immune subjects suggest that TNF-alpha may be a critical mediator of HBV clearance. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Intestinal perforation caused by multiple magnet ingestion.

Multiple magnet ingestion is rare, but can cause serious gastrointestinal complications. We report a case of 7-year-old girl with multiple intestinal perforations caused by multiple magnet ingestion. The aim of this report is to draw attention to magnetic toys, results of magnet ingestion and the importance of timing of operation

The Effect of Vitamin D on Expression of TGF beta 1 in Ovary

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is thought to have important roles in several stages of folliculogenesis. Vitamin D is effective in cell proliferation, differentiation and on estrogen biosynthesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the respective role of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on expression of TGF-beta 1 in developing rat ovaries. 24 (one-month-old n = 12 and adult n = 12) female Wistar rats were enrolled in this study. All animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I and II that consist of one-month-old (n = 6) and adult rats (n = 6) respectively served as control groups. Intramuscular vitamin D3 (0.05 mu g/kg/every other day) was injected for 8 weeks to group III and IV which consist of one-month-old and adult rats respectively. After last injection, ovaries of animals were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry assay. No remarkable differences in staining intensity and localization for TGF-beta 1 were observed in group I and group III. TGF immunostaining was also predominantly found in oocytes. In granulosa cells, TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity was negative. TGF-beta 1 immunostaining were observed both in nuclei and cytoplasm of granulosa cells in group II. But in group IV granulosa cells and oocytes were negative for TGF-beta 1. We found that vitamin D administration resulted in a decrease in TGF-beta 1 levels in the adult rats, but, TGF-beta 1 expression did not significantly decrease in the newborn rats. However, in multiple linear regression analysis, TGF-beta 1 expressions were independently associated with vitamin D administration. It is observed that Vitamin D attenuated TGF-beta 1 expression. The results of this study suggest that vitamin D may play role in folliculogenesis via TGF-beta 1

The role of elevated liver transaminase levels in children with blunt abdominal trauma.

The role of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels on intra-abdominal injury in children has not been adequately studied. In this report, the accuracy of these tests in predicting the degree and extend of intra-abdominal and hepatic injury in children with blunt abdominal trauma was investigated.Eighty-seven haemodynamically stable children with multiple trauma were prospectively evaluated. The SGOT and SGPT of patients with and without abdominal trauma (Groups I and II) were compared. Patients with and without radiologically verified intra-abdominal injury were further compared (Groups Ib and Ia). There was significant difference in SGOT and SGPT levels of Groups I and II. SGOT and SGPT levels were 333.6+/-283.8 and, 197.5+/-192.5 U/l, respectively in Group Ib; but 84.2+/-55.9, 43+/-29.8 U/l in Group Ia (P<0.001). In all patients with radiologically detected intra-abdominal pathology SGOT and SGPT levels were above 110.5 and 63.5 U/l, respectively. In patients with hepatic injury SGOT level was above 500 U/l and, SGPT level was above 300 U/l. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between radiologically detected intra-abdominal pathology and increased SGOT (above 110.5 U/l) and SGPT (above 63.5 U/l) levels (P<0.05). These data indicated that the SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly higher in patients with intra-abdominal injury even in the absence of hepatic injury. We suggest that liver function tests may be used as screening tests in children with blunt abdominal trauma in addition to physical abdominal examination. A sudden rise up to 110.5 U/l in SGOT and 63.5 U/l in SGPT indicate an intra-abdominal injury and severe hepatic injury should be suspected with higher levels of SGOT and SGPT

abdominal trauma

The role of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels on intra-abdominal injury in children has not been adequately studied. In this report, the accuracy of these tests in predicting the degree and extend of intra-abdominal and hepatic injury in children with blunt abdominal trauma was investigated.Eighty-seven haemodynamically stable children with multiple trauma were prospectively evaluated. The SGOT and SGPT of patients with and without abdominal trauma (Groups I and II) were compared. Patients with and without radiologically verified intra-abdominal injury were further compared (Groups Ib and Ia).There was significant difference in SGOT and SGPT levels of Groups I and II. SGOT and SGPT levels were 333.6 +/- 283.8 and, 197.5 +/- 192.5 U/l, respectively in Group Ib; but 84.2 +/- 55.9, 43 29.8 U/l in Group Ia (P < 0.001). In all patients with radiologically detected intra-abdominal pathology SGOT and SGPT levels were above 110.5 and 63.5 U/l, respectively. In patients with hepatic injury SGOT level was above 500 U/l and, SGPT level was above 300 U/l. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between radiologically detected intra-abdominal pathology and increased SGOT (above 110.5 U/l) and SGPT (above 63.5 U/l) levels (P < 0.05).These data indicated that the SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly higher in patients with intra-abdominal injury even in the absence of hepatic injury. We suggest that liver function tests may be used as screening tests in children with blunt abdominal trauma in addition to physical abdominal examination. A sudden rise up to 110.5 U/l in SGOT and 63.5 U/l in SGPT indicate an intra-abdominal injury and severe hepatic injury should be suspected with higher levels of SGOT and SGPT. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved