Unsupervised and Domain Independent Ontology Learning: Combining Heterogeneous Sources of Evidence

Acquiring knowledge from theWeb to build domain ontologies has become a common practice in the Ontological Engineering field. The vast amount of freely available information allows collecting enough information about any domain. However, the Web usually suffers a lack of structure, untrustworthiness and ambiguity of the content. These drawbacks hamper the application of unsupervised methods of building ontologies demanded by the increasingly popular applications of the Semantic Web. We believe that the combination of several processing mechanisms and complementary information sources may potentially solve the problem. The analysis of different sources of evidence allows determining with greater reliability the validity of the detected knowledge. In this paper, we present GALEON (General Architecture for Learning Ontologies) that combines sources and processing resources to provide complementary and redundant evidence for making better estimations about the relevance of the extracted knowledge and their relationships. Our goal in this paper is to show how combining several information sources and extraction mechanisms is possible to build a taxonomy of concepts with a higher accuracy than if only one of them is applied. The experimental results show how this combination notably increases the precision of the obtained results with minimum user intervention

Efect of age regrowth and nitrogen fertilization on the nutritive value of Brachiaria brizantha cv. "Marandú"

Se evaluó en Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandú, el valor nutritivo en función de la edad del rebrote (28, 56, 84 y 112 días) y fertilización (F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5). Se determinó proteína bruta (PB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). El contenido de PB, mostró interacción entre edad de rebrote y fertilización. Los valores promedio por edad fueron de 46; 48; 60; 71; y 77 g PB Kg MS-1 para F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5 respectivamente. La fertilización nitrogenada permitió incrementar la proporción de PB. Sobre FDN hubo una respuesta positiva de la fertilización (627 a 645 g FDN Kg MS-1 para F1 y F5) y de la edad (567 a 683 g Kg MS-1 de los 28 a los 112 días) y sobre FDA hubo diferencias significativas en función de la edad, (con valores de 278 a 399 g FDA Kg MS-1 a los 28 y 112 días respectivamente). La DIVMS presentó diferencias significativas en función de la edad de rebrote variando de 603 a 370 g Kg MS-1 desde los 28 días a 112 días. En los parámetros analizados la edad de rebrote fue un factor determinante en el valor nutritivo.In Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, it was evaluated the nutritional value. Nutritional value was considered: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The variables were evaluated for age of regrowth (28, 56, 84 and 112 days) and fertilization (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4). We determined the nutritional value. CP content showed interaction between age and fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization can increase the proportion of PB. The average values of regrowth age were 46, 48, 60, 71, and 77 g CP kg DM-1 to F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 respectively. It was a positive answer to fertilization (627-645 g NDF kg DM-1 to F1 and F4) and age (567-683 g kg DM-1 from 28 to 112 days). In turn, fertilization had no effect on the ADF and if there was a positive response from the age of regrowth, with average values of 278 to 399 g kg DM-1 ADF at 28 and 112 days respectively. The IVDDM was affected by the age ranging from 603 to 370 g kg DM-1 from 28 days to 112 days. Age regrowth is the most important factor in the nutritional value.Fil: Gándara, Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina)Fil: Borrajo, Celina I.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina)Fil: Fernández, Juan A.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Pereira, Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina

Los productos petrolíferos en Hispanoamérica: Noticias anteriores al siglo XIX

Las sustancias petrolíferas han sido conocidas desde tiempos muy antiguos. Las aplicaciones que de ellas se hicieron se orientaron en un principio hacia fines arquitectónicos, artesanales y medicinales. Fueron los denominados en Geoquímica como Indicios Superficiales o filtraciones los que llamaron la atención de nuestros antepasados, sobre todo por su aspecto físico, ya fuera el color, el olor o el tacto. Los Indicios Superficiales son las diferentes manifestaciones de propiedades químicas de gases, aguas, rocas y suelos que están relacionadas en su origen con depósitos petrolíferos cercanos, o que señalan condiciones favorables a la existencia de los mismos

Derivative couplings in gravitational production in the early universe

Gravitational particle production in the early universe is due to the coupling of matter fields to curvature. This coupling may include derivative terms that modify the kinetic term. The most general first order action contains derivative couplings to the curvature scalar and to the traceless Ricci tensor, which can be dominant in the case of (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone bosons or disformal scalars, such as branons. In the presence of these derivative couplings, the density of produced particles for the adiabatic regime in the de Sitter phase (which mimics inflation) is constant in time and decays with the inverse effective mass (which in turn depends on the coupling to the curvature scalar). In the reheating phase following inflation, the presence of derivative couplings to the background curvature modifies in a nontrivial way the gravitational production even in the perturbative regime. We also show that the two couplings -- to the curvature scalar and to the traceless Ricci tensor -- are drastically different, specially for large masses. In this regime, the production becomes highly sensitive to the former coupling while it becomes independent of the latter.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y la edad del rebrote sobre el valor nutritivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. "Marandú" = Efect of age regrowth and nitrogen fertilization on the nutritive value of Brachiaria brizantha cv. "Marandú"

Se evaluó en Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandú, el valor nutritivo en función de la edad del rebrote (28, 56, 84 y 112 días) y fertilización (F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5). Se determinó proteína bruta (PB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). El contenido de PB, mostró interacción entre edad de rebrote y fertilización. Los valores promedio por edad fueron de 46; 48; 60; 71; y 77 g PB Kg MS-1 para F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5 respectivamente. La fertilización nitrogenada permitió incrementar la proporción de PB. Sobre FDN hubo una respuesta positiva de la fertilización (627 a 645 g FDN Kg MS-1 para F1 y F5) y de la edad (567 a 683 g Kg MS-1 de los 28 a los 112 días) y sobre FDA hubo diferencias significativas en función de la edad, (con valores de 278 a 399 g FDA Kg MS-1 a los 28 y 112 días respectivamente). La DIVMS presentó diferencias significativas en función de la edad de rebrote variando de 603 a 370 g Kg MS-1 desde los 28 días a 112 días. En los parámetros analizados la edad de rebrote fue un factor determinante en el valor nutritivo.In Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, it was evaluated the nutritional value. Nutritional value was considered: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The variables were evaluated for age of regrowth (28, 56, 84 and 112 days) and fertilization (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4). We determined the nutritional value. CP content showed interaction between age and fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization can increase the proportion of PB. The average values of regrowth age were 46, 48, 60, 71, and 77 g CP kg DM-1 to F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 respectively. It was a positive answer to fertilization (627-645 g NDF kg DM-1 to F1 and F4) and age (567-683 g kg DM-1 from 28 to 112 days). In turn, fertilization had no effect on the ADF and if there was a positive response from the age of regrowth, with average values of 278 to 399 g kg DM-1 ADF at 28 and 112 days respectively. The IVDDM was affected by the age ranging from 603 to 370 g kg DM-1 from 28 days to 112 days. Age regrowth is the most important factor in the nutritional value.EEA CorrientesFil: Gandara, Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Corrientes. Grupo de Producción Animal Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Borrajo, Celina Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes. Grupo de Producción Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Juan A. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Maria Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Corrientes. Grupo de Producción Animal Subtropical; Argentin

YASA: yet another time series segmentation algorithm for anomaly detection in big data problems

Time series patterns analysis had recently attracted the attention of the research community for real-world applications. Petroleum industry is one of the application contexts where these problems are present, for instance for anomaly detection. Offshore petroleum platforms rely on heavy turbomachines for its extraction, pumping and generation operations. Frequently, these machines are intensively monitored by hundreds of sensors each, which send measurements with a high frequency to a concentration hub. Handling these data calls for a holistic approach, as sensor data is frequently noisy, unreliable, inconsistent with a priori problem axioms, and of a massive amount. For the anomalies detection problems in turbomachinery, it is essential to segment the dataset available in order to automatically discover the operational regime of the machine in the recent past. In this paper we propose a novel time series segmentation algorithm adaptable to big data problems and that is capable of handling the high volume of data involved in problem contexts. As part of the paper we describe our proposal, analyzing its computational complexity. We also perform empirical studies comparing our algorithm with similar approaches when applied to benchmark problems and a real-life application related to oil platform turbomachinery anomaly detection

Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y la edad del rebrote sobre el valor nutritivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. "Marandú"

In Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú, it was evaluated the nutritional value. Nutritional value was considered: crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM). The variables were evaluated for age of regrowth (28, 56, 84 and 112 days) and fertilization (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4). We determined the nutritional value. CP content showed interaction between age and fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization can increase the proportion of PB. The average values of regrowth age were 46, 48, 60, 71, and 77 g CP kg DM-1 to F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 respectively. It was a positive answer to fertilization (627-645 g NDF kg DM-1 to F1 and F4) and age (567-683 g kg DM-1 from 28 to 112 days). In turn, fertilization had no effect on the ADF and if there was a positive response from the age of regrowth, with average values of 278 to 399 g kg DM-1 ADF at 28 and 112 days respectively. The IVDDM was affected by the age ranging from 603 to 370 g kg DM-1 from 28 days to 112 days. Age regrowth is the most important factor in the nutritional value.Se evaluó en Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandú, el valor nutritivo en función de la edad del rebrote (28, 56, 84 y 112 días) y fertilización (F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5). Se determinó proteína bruta (PB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). El contenido de PB, mostró interacción entre edad de rebrote y fertilización. Los valores promedio por edad fueron de 46; 48; 60; 71; y 77 g PB Kg MS-1 para F1, F2, F3, F4 y F5 respectivamente. La fertilización nitrogenada permitió incrementar la proporción de PB. Sobre FDN hubo una respuesta positiva de la fertilización (627 a 645 g FDN Kg MS-1 para F1 y F5) y de la edad (567 a 683 g Kg MS-1 de los 28 a los 112 días) y sobre FDA hubo diferencias significativas en función de la edad, (con valores de 278 a 399 g FDA Kg MS-1 a los 28 y 112 días respectivamente). La DIVMS presentó diferencias significativas en función de la edad de rebrote variando de 603 a 370 g Kg MS-1 desde los 28 días a 112 días. En los parámetros analizados la edad de rebrote fue un factor determinante en el valor nutritivo

Noble gas isotopes reveal degassing-derived eruptions at Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for the current high levels of volcanic activity

Deception Island is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica with more than twenty explosive eruptions in the past two centuries. Any future volcanic eruption(s) is a serious concern for scientists and tourists, will be detrimental to marine ecosystems and could have an impact to global oceanographic processes. Currently, it is not possible to carry-out low and high frequency volcanic gas monitoring at Deception Island because of the arduous climatic conditions and its remote location. Helium, neon and argon isotopes measured in olivine samples of the main eruptive events (pre-, syn- and post caldera) offer insights into the processes governing its volcanic history. Our results show that: (i) ascending primitive magmas outgassed volatiles with a MORB-like helium isotopic signature (3He/4He ratio); and (ii) variations in the He isotope ratio, as well as intensive degassing evidenced by fractionated 4He/40Ar* values, occurred before the beginning of the main eruptive episodes. Our results show how the pre-eruptive noble gas signals of volcanic activity is an important step toward a better understanding of the magmatic dynamics and has the potential to improve eruption forecasting.This research was supported by the Spanish Government (MICINN) projects: RECALDEC (CTM2009-05919-E/ANT), PEVOLDEC (CTM2011-13578-E/ANT), POSVOLDEC (CTM2016-79617-P)(AEI/FEDER, UE), VOLGASDEC (PGC2018-095693-B-I00)(AEI/FEDER, UE), HYDROCAL (PID2020-114876GB-I00)(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), EruptING (PID2021-127189OB-I00) (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), and Programa Propio’s project (Universidad de Salamanca-2019 modalidad 1B). A.A-V also thanks the JSPS invitation fellowship (S18113) at the University of Tokyo. A.P.S is grateful for his PhD grant “Programa Propio III Universidad de Salamanca-2021 cofounded by Banco de Santander”.Peer reviewe

Author Correction: Noble gas isotopes reveal degassing-derived eruptions at Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for the current high levels of volcanic activity

Peer reviewe

Effects of amprenavir on HIV-1 maturation, production and infectivity following drug withdrawal in chronically-infected monocytes/macrophages

A paucity of information is available on the activity of protease inhibitors (PI) in chronically-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and on the kinetics of viral-rebound after PI removal in vitro. To fill this gap, the activity of different concentrations of amprenavir (AMP) was evaluated in chronically-infected MDM by measuring p24-production every day up to 12 days after drug administration and up to seven days after drug removal. Clinically-relevant concentrations of AMP (4 and 20 \uce\ubcM) drastically decreased p24 amount released from chronically-infected MDM from Day 2 up to Day 12 after drug administration. The kinetics of viral-rebound after AMP-removal (4 and 20 \uce\ubcM) showed that, despite an initial increase, p24-production over time never reached the level observed for untreated-MDM, suggesting a persistent intracellular drug activity. In line with this, after AMP-removal, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infectivity and intracellular the p24/p55 ratio (reflecting virion-maturation) were remarkably lower than observed for untreated MDM. Overall, AMP shows high efficacy in blocking HIV-1 replication in chronically-infected MDM, persisting even after drug-removal. This highlights the role of protease inhibitors in preventing the establishment of this important HIV-1 reservoir, thus reducing viral-dissemination in different anatomical compartments