The development of mobile robot for air pollution data capture (POPOBOT)

In the Modern era, the environmental issues have given significant impact to the human live. The air pollution indoor and outdoor environment sometimes dangerous to the human health and it needs to be justified. To fulfill this purpose, telemeasurement process and technique should be used. Therefore, in this research, the mobile robot with equipped by several air quality parameters sensors is developed. The robot is controlled using remote control and using wireless connection system. The air quality in target area will be monitored by using sensors which will capture data and send it to the Central Control (laptop) for analyzing. And then to be able monitor certain area investigation, the mobile robot is guided by using wireless camera. Result from this project can make user to monitor and navigate the target area by using mobile robot and this can make user know the situation on that area. PIC16F887A has been chosen in this project as the main device which is controlling all activities of the mobile robot. Data capture and robot movement has been done in wireless to make user easy to do the monitoring activities. From result, knowing that the error percentage of the data capture is small compare to the digital meter. So from that knowing this project is effective because it make user easy to do air pollution monitoring process also can prevent the gas poisoning cases from happen

Tingkat Keberhasilan Perpindahan Koloni Trigona Spp. pada Sarang Buatan di Hutan Larangan Adat Desa Rumbio Kabupaten Kampar

Trigona spp. is include into stingless bee honey. Trigona spp. has another names, such as, galo-galo (Sumatera), klanceng, lenceng (Jawa), andteuweul (Sunda). The population of Trigona spp. in many areas in Indonesia. Trigona spp. produce are honey, pollen, royal jelly, propolis and beeswax. People do not know much yet about the benefit and how to cultivation of Trigona spp. type, material and size of bee\u27s nest. The purpose of this research is to know successfull affectiveness movement of Trigona spp. in type, material and size of artificial nest. This research used two method, survey and experiment. The first survey got 19 bee\u27s nest of Trigona spp. in 7 trees. In the next experiment, the resercher tried to test 6 artificial nests (2 bee\u27s nest made by half of a coconut shell, 2 bee\u27s nest made by bamboo and 2 bee\u27s nest made by wooden box) and the different size of box. The experiment of 6 artificial nests was a theory of eduction/attachment. The artificial nest affixed to red chelate tree (Syzygium sp.), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and red chelate tree was moudly/dead. The result of this research show that type of Trigona spp. that lifeatThe Prohibition Forest of Indigenous Village of Rumbio Kampar Regency. There are three kinds : Trigona collina, Trigona incica andTrigona terminata. The preferred and ideal artificial nest of Trigona spp. was wooden box 3 segment in Ttot = 65 cm, basic segment T1 =30 cm, middle segment T2 =25 cm andtop segment T3 = 10 cm

The Role of Habitat Heterogeneity in Structuring Mangrove Bird Assemblages

Mangrove habitats are under severe land use pressure throughout the world and Australia is no exception. Here we describe the heterogeneity of mangrove habitat and its relationship with mangrove bird diversity. We examined the role of mangrove habitat complexity in determining the richness of avian mangrove dependent species (MDS) and interior species, overall bird species richness and density. High species richness (overall and MDS) and density in the mangroves was associated with plant species richness, the density of the understory and food resource distribution. Furthermore, habitat heterogeneity rather than patch area per se was a more important predictor of species richness in the mangroves. These findings stress the importance of habitat diversity and quality to the diversity and density of birds in mangroves. Thus, habitat heterogeneity within mangroves is a crucial patch characteristic, independent of mangrove patch size, for maintaining diverse avian species assemblages

Tingkat Keberhasilan Perpindahan Koloni Trigona Spp. pada Sarang Buatan di Hutan Larangan Adat Desa Rumbio Kabupaten Kampar

Trigona spp. is include into stingless bee honey. Trigona spp. has another names, such as, galo-galo (Sumatera), klanceng, lenceng (Jawa), andteuweul (Sunda). The population of Trigona spp. in many areas in Indonesia. Trigona spp. produce are honey, pollen, royal jelly, propolis and beeswax. People do not know much yet about the benefit and how to cultivation of Trigona spp. type, material and size of bee\u27s nest. The purpose of this research is to know successfull affectiveness movement of Trigona spp. in type, material and size of artificial nest. This research used two method, survey and experiment. The first survey got 19 bee\u27s nest of Trigona spp. in 7 trees. In the next experiment, the resercher tried to test 6 artificial nests (2 bee\u27s nest made by half of a coconut shell, 2 bee\u27s nest made by bamboo and 2 bee\u27s nest made by wooden box) and the different size of box. The experiment of 6 artificial nests was a theory of eduction/attachment. The artificial nest affixed to red chelate tree (Syzygium sp.), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and red chelate tree was moudly/dead. The result of this research show that type of Trigona spp. that lifeatThe Prohibition Forest of Indigenous Village of Rumbio Kampar Regency. There are three kinds : Trigona collina, Trigona incica andTrigona terminata. The preferred and ideal artificial nest of Trigona spp. was wooden box 3 segment in Ttot = 65 cm, basic segment T1 =30 cm, middle segment T2 =25 cm andtop segment T3 = 10 cm

Fabrication and machining performance of ceramic cutting tool based on the Al2O3-ZrO2-Cr2O3 compositions

This study presents the cutting tool development of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) with chromia addition. The process used for its development is solid-state, in which the powders of Alumina (Al2O3), Zirconia (ZrO2) and Chromia (Cr2O3) were processed by a ball mill, com�pacted under a Cold Isostatic Press (CIP) and sintered at a constant temperature of 1400 ◦C with 9h soaking time. The initial study investigated the effect of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a binder, CIP and hardness of Al2O3-ZrO2 mixtures. The percentage composition between Al2O3 and ZrO2 was varied to choose the best for the highest mechanical performances determined by the density, porosity and properties analysis. The cutting tool that possessed the highest hardness and bending strength was selected the Al2O3-ZrO2 mixture was mixed 0.6 wt% Cr2O3 for machining trials within the cutting speed of 200–350m/min and constant feed rate and depth of cut of 0.150mm/rev and 0.5mm, respectively. The results of the ZTA mixed with Cr2O3 and combined with the ratio 80-20-0.6 wt% showed that the addition of 0.6 wt% PEG and a CIP pressure at 300 MPa and 60 s dwell time resulted maximum hardness and bending strength of 71.03 HRc and 856.02 MPa, respectively. The fabricated cutting tool was capable to reach 225 s tool life when machining AISI 1045 at a lower cutting speed of 200 m/min and higher feed rate of 0.150mm/rev

Comparison machining performance of Al2 O3 , ZTA and ZTA doped Cr2 O3 cutting tools on AISI 1045

This paper presents the comparison of machining performance for cutting tools that fabricated by pure alumina (Al2O3), Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) and Zirconia Toughened Alumina doped with Cr2O3 (ZTA Doped Cr2O3). Solid-state method was employed to prepare ceramic mixtures starting from 12 h ball milling with 40 rpm rotational speed. The green bodies were formed by 5 ton manual hydraulic press and 300 MPa Cold Isostatic Press (CIP) compaction pressure. The compacted powders then were sintered at 1400 °C and 9 h soaking time in the form of RNGN 120600 designated cutting tools. Properties assessment of the fabricated cutting tools were analysed based on hardness and density. The machining evaluation was performed by turning AISI 1045 with cutting speeds of 150–350 m min−1, feed rate of 0.125 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.5 mm. The results show that maximum hardness recorded for ZTA Doped Cr2O3 with 13.73 GPa Vickers hardness and 3.82 g cm−3 density, followed by ZTA (12.75 GPa, 3.85 g cm−3) and pure Al2O3 (4.9 GPa, 3.76 g cm−3)In terms of machining performance, ZTA Doped Cr2O3 recorded highest tool life of 330-s with 57% improvement of tool life as compared to ZTA (210-s) and 200% improvement of pure Al2O3 (110-s). Dominant wear mechanisms for the fabricated cutting tool appeared to be notch wear, abrasive wear and chipping at the flank wear area

Effect of pressure on density, porosity and flexural strength during cold isostatic press of alumina-ysz chromia cutting too

This study presented the effect of pressure on the density, porosity and flexural strength when cold isostatic press (CIP) was applied to compact the ceramic powders in the form of insert cutting tools. Specific composition of alumina (Al2O3) wt.90%,yittria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) wt.10%, chromium oxide(Cr2O3) wt.0.6% and polyethylene glycol (PEG) wt.0.6% were ball milled and hand pressed to form green body of ceramic inserts. These green body were undergone further compaction inside CIP with pressures variation of 200 MPa, 300 MPa, 400 MPa with 30 seconds and 60 seconds pressuring time. The ceramic composts were then sintered at 1440°C for 9 hours before being assessed with density, porosity, Rockwell hardness (HRC) and bending test. The results show that CIP use with 300 MPa parameters with 60 seconds shows the best mechanical properties with relative density 95.5%, porosity 4.5% and HRC 65.5 hardness. Further assessment of microstructure revealed that the particles size distributed evenly along fracture surface with coarse grain and porosity dominant in the certain area