Chemotherapy in metastatic cancer of unknown primary

In general a patient is considered ta have a carcinoma of unknown primary site if na primary tumor ean be identified af ter a thorough history and physical examination, and a reasonabIe laboratory and radiologie work-up. This definition a180 requires a histological diagnosis of carcinoma. The importance of histologie (re)examination in the management of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site has been emphasized by several authors. Light microscopie examinat ion may al ready provide a clue ta suggest the site of origin. lnununohistochemistry and/or electron microscopy are of additional value, particularly in patients with undifferentiated tumors. A substantial number of patients with a light microscopie diagnosis of anaplastic tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma ultimately prove to have a lymphomas

Effect of graded levels and sources of protein on scrotal circumference and semen profile of Yankasa rams

The effect of graded levels and sources of protein on scrotal circumference and semen profile in Yankasa rams were investigated in a 96 day study. Twenty Yankasa rams aged 18-24months and weighing 21-30 kg with clinically normal genitalia were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) of 5 rams each. All animals were fed Digitaria hay as a basal diet ad libitum and supplemented with the formulated ration at 2% of their respective live-weights. Iso caloric rations (10.50 MJ/kg DM ME) were formulated using non-conventional protein source (maize offal and dry layer litter) to contain 12.11% CP, 14.96% CP, and 17.94% CP and fed to groups A, B and C respectively. Another ration was formulated using conventional protein source (maize, wheat bran, groundnut cake, bone meal, vitamin premix and salt) to contain 12.26% CP and fed to group D (control group). Semen was collected every two weeks with the aid of a battery powered electroejaculator and then evaluated. Rams on 12.11% CP had significantly higher scrotal circumference than those on 17.11% C. and control. Significantly higher (P<0.05) semen volume was recorded for group B when compared with control group, but other groups showed no significant difference in volume of semen (P>0.05). Rams fed 14.96% CP diet had significantly higher semen concentration when compared with rams on 17.94% CP and control (P<0.01). Percentage gross motility, sperm morphology, sperm output and sperm viability were not influenced by level and source of protein (P>0.05). Thus, it is evident from this study that dry layer litter and maize offal compete favorably with conventional protein sources in improving scrotal circumference and semen concentration of Yankasa rams.Keywords: Dry layer litter, protein, rams, semen, scrotal circumference

FLC based on static var compensator for power system transient stability enhancement

Transient Stability is the capability of a system to be able to return to its normal state after experiencing large disturbances. The static var compensator (SVC) is a shunt device of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) family using power electronics to improve transient stability in power system. For the SVC control, it is usually used a PI controller, although PI controller is simpler and cheaper but not suitable when power system is subjected to transient stability since power system become non-linear system. In order to overcome this problem, the PI controller combined with Fuzzy controller is designed. Two types of faults were considered for this study to examine the effect of the fuzzy-SVC controller on system transient stability, the proposed fault types are single line to ground fault and three lines to ground fault. The performance and behavior of the designed fuzzy controller compared with that of the conventional PI controller in term of terminal voltage, rotor angle, and transmission line active power

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Engagement Research: Trends, Prolific Authors, and Impact in Environmental Science and Business & Economics Fields

Global engagement has become vital to academic research, particularly in economics and environmental science. This bibliometric analysis utilizes Scopus Analyze and VOSviewer to explore trends, prolific authors, and the impact of global engagement research in these fields, identifying research gaps in reputable international databases like Scopus. The study aims to provide insights into the implications of global engagement on society, economy, and environment. Data from 105 papers were collected, with reputable international journals being the dominant source. Findings indicate a rising interest in global engagement research from 2014 to 2023, with the United States leading in contributions, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia, and other countries. Themes prevalent in the research include education and sustainable development, focusing on cross-cultural learning experiences and the need for international cooperation to address global challenges. In environmental science, scholars explore sustainable development, the sustainable ocean economy, and the impact of economic growth on environmental sustainability, seeking to design effective strategies for green technologies and sustainable practices. This study's valuable insights contribute to business, economics, and environmental science, guiding future research and understanding global engagement's implications in various domains while identifying research gaps that offer opportunities for further investigation into novel aspects of global engagement

Genome-wide methylome analysis using MethylCap-seq uncovers 4 hypermethylated markers with high sensitivity for both adeno- and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma

Background: Cytology-based screening methods for cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) and to a lesser extent squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) suffer from low sensitivity. DNA hypermethylation analysis in cervical scrapings may improve detection of SCC, but few methylation markers have been described for ADC. We aimed to identify novel methylation markers for the early detection of both ADC and SCC. Results: Genome-wide methylation profiling for 20 normal cervices, 6 ADC and 6 SCC using MethylCap-seq yielded 53 candidate regions hypermethylated in both ADC and SCC. Verification and independent validation of the 15 most significant regions revealed 5 markers with differential methylation between 17 normals and 13 cancers. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR on cervical cancer scrapings resulted in detection rates ranging between 80% and 92% while between 94% and 99% of control scrapings tested negative. Four markers (SLC6A5, SOX1, SOX14 and TBX20) detected ADC and SCC with similar sensitivity. In scrapings from women referred with an abnormal smear (n = 229), CIN3+ sensitivity was between 36% and 71%, while between 71% and 93% of adenocarcinoma in situ (AdCIS) were detected; and CIN0/1 specificity was between 88% and 98%. Compared to hrHPV, the combination SOX1/SOX14 showed a similar CIN3+ sensitivity (80% vs. 75%, respectively, P>0.2), while specificity improved (42% vs. 84%, respectively, P < 10(-5)). Conclusion: SOX1 and SOX14 are methylation biomarkers applicable for screening of all cervical cancer types

Ifosfamide in advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophageal-gastric junction area

Abstract 25 previously untreated patients with inoperable or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophageal-gastric junction area were treated with ifosfamide 6 g/m2 over 48 hours, combined with mesna 6 g/m2. 1 complete response and 1 partial response were seen among 23 patients evaluable, with a response duration of 29+ months and 7 months, respectively. Toxicity was not severe: grade 3 infection in 2 patients, grade 3 leucopenia in 3 patients and grade 3 nausea in 4 patients. No life-threatening episodes or central nervous system toxicity were encountered. Ifosfamide has limited activity in adenocarcinoma of the oesophageal-gastric junction area