The Histone Deacetylase Complex (HDC) 1 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana has the capacity to interact with multiple proteins including histone 3-binding proteins and histone 1 variants

Intrinsically disordered proteins can adopt multiple conformations thereby enabling interaction with a wide variety of partners. They often serve as hubs in protein interaction networks. We have previously shown that the Histone Deacetylase Complex (HDC) 1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana interacts with histone deacetylases and quantitatively determines histone acetylation levels, transcriptional activity and several phenotypes, including ABA-sensitivity during germination, vegetative growth rate and flowering time. HDC1-type proteins are ubiquitous in plants but they contain no known structural or functional domains. Here we explored the protein interaction spectrum of HDC1. In addition to binding histone deacetylases, HDC1 directly interacted with core histone H3-binding proteins and co-repressor associated proteins, but not with H3 or the co-repressors themselves. Surprisingly, HDC1 was also able to interact with variants of the linker histone H1. Truncation of HDC1 to the ancestral core sequence narrowed the spectrum of interactions and of phenotypic outputs but maintained binding to a H3-binding protein and to H1. The results indicate a potential link between H1 and histone modifying complexes

Vegetación acuática, halófila y halonitrófila de la provincia de Málaga

In the present work a synthesis of the aquatic,halophytic and halo-nitrofilous vegetation of the province of Málaga (Spain) is presented.The existence of 17 associations and 2 conmunities concerning to 8 fitosociological class (LEMNETEA, CHARETEA, RUPPIETEA, POTAMETEA, PHRACMITETEA, FRANKENIETEA PULVERULENTAE, ARTHROCNEMETEA y MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA) is announced.It is described for first time the subass. halopeplidetosum amplexicaulis, of Parapholi-Frankenietum-pulveruZentae.At last the profiles of the vegetation and the dynamism of the communities are exposed,Se presenta una síntesis de la vegetación acuática,halófila y halonitrófila de la provincia de Málaga,dándose a conocer la existencia de 17 asociaciones y dos comunidades pertenecientes a 8 clases fitosociológicas (LEMNETEA, CHARETEA, RUPPIETEA, POTAMETEA PHRAGMITETEA, FRANKENIETEA PULVERULENTAE, ARTHROCNEMETEA y MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA). Se describe la subas. halopeplidetosum amplexicaulis subas, nova de Parapholi -Frankenietw pulverutentae. Por ultimo se exponen las catenas de vegetación y el dinamismo de las comunidades

Bases para la confección del atlas florístico de la provincia de Málaga

Se examinan los atlas florísticos hechos últimamente en Europa, especialmente los que siguen la cuadrícula UTM, y se comentan las características de cada uno de ellos. A continuación se señalan los criterios que se han seguido para la elaboración del plano matriz, en cuadrícula UTM, para la provincia de Málaga, y los trabajos que se siguen, a fin de hacer el correspondiente atlas florístico

Estructuras de algunas comunidades vegetales de dunas en el litoral de Marbella (Málaga)

In this work, is described the structure of the vegetation of dunes of the seashore of Marbella (Málaga), and are made several samples of the main plant communities. Those communities are placed in their phytocoenological entities, following a synoptic form. For the first time, are described two new phytosociological associations: Malcolmio-Vulpietum alopecuri and Sporobolo-Centaureetum sphaerocephalae. Is presented a block scheme of the different communities and their structural relationships.

Catálogo florístico de la provincia de Málaga. l. Selaginellaceae-Ephedraceae

Este trabajo es el primero de una serie cuyo fin es la publicación del catálogo florístico completo de la provincia de Málaga. En esta primera nota se incluyen los datos recogidos sobre la provincia de Málaga en las especies comprendidas desde Selaginellaceae a Ephedraceae, así como una reseña histórica de las herborizaciones en la provincia. Las citas de especie van acompañadas de su localización en el retículo internacional U.T.M., las citas bibliográficas llevan su correspondiente reseña

Contribución al estudio del Omphalodion brassicaefoliae Rivas Martínez, S., Izco, J. & Costa, M., 1973 en el Sur de la Península Ibérica

En el presente trabajo, se comentan y confirman las comunidades ya descritas del Omphalodion brassicaefoliae siguientes, Jasiono -Linarietum saturejoidis y Arenario (capillipes)—lberidetum fontqueri. Asimismo se describen para esta alianza y para los mismos sectores corológicos las siguientes asociaciones nuevas, Violo lonopsidientum prolongoi typicum y linarietosum platyealicis. y Arenario (retusae)—Linarietum salzmannii.Dans le present travail, on fait un comentaire et on ratifie les suivantes communautés déjà decrites de l'Omphalodion brassicaefoliae-Linarietum saturejoidis et Arenario (capillipes)—lberidetum fontqueri.. On décrit tout de méme pour cette alliance et pour les mémes secteurs corologiques les nouvelles associations qui suivent, Violo lonopsidientum prolongoi typicum et linarietosum platyealicis. et Arenario (retusae)—Linarietum salzmannii

S-SETA: Selective Software-Only Error-Detection Technique Using Assertions

Software-based techniques offer several advantages to increase the reliability of processor-based systems at very low cost, but they cause performance degradation and an increase of the code size. To meet constraints in performance and memory, we propose SETA, a new control-flow software-only technique that uses assertions to detect errors affecting the program flow. SETA is an independent technique, but it was conceived to work together with previously proposed data-flow techniques that aim at reducing performance and memory overheads. Thus, SETA is combined with such data-flow techniques and submitted to a fault injection campaign. Simulation and neutron induced SEE tests show high fault coverage at performance and memory overheads inferior to the state-of-the-art.This work was supported in part by CNPq and CAPES, Brazilian agencies

Stress hormones promote growth of B16-F10 melanoma metastases: an interleukin 6-and glutathione-dependent mechanism

[EN] Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 (mainly of tumor origin) activates glutathione (GSH) release from hepatocytes and its interorgan transport to B16-F10 melanoma metastatic foci. We studied if this capacity to overproduce IL-6 is regulated by cancer cell-independent mechanisms. Methods: Murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured, transfected with red fluorescent protein, injected i.v. into syngenic C57BL/6J mice to generate lung and liver metastases, and isolated from metastatic foci using high-performance cell sorting. Stress hormones and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA, and CRH expression in the brain by in situ hybridization. DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B, CREB, AP-1, and NF-IL-6 was measured using specific transcription factor assay kits. IL-6 expression was measured by RT-PCR, and silencing was achieved by transfection of anti-IL-6 small interfering RNA. GSH was determined by HPLC. Cell death analysis was distinguished using fluorescence microscopy, TUNEL labeling, and flow cytometry techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test. Results: Plasma levels of stress-related hormones (adrenocorticotropin hormone, corticosterone, and noradrenaline) increased, following a circadian pattern and as compared to non-tumor controls, in mice bearing B16-F10 lung or liver metastases. Corticosterone and noradrenaline, at pathophysiological levels, increased expression and secretion of IL-6 in B16-F10 cells in vitro. Corticosterone- and noradrenaline-induced transcriptional up-regulation of IL-6 gene involves changes in the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B, cAMP response element-binding protein, activator protein-1, and nuclear factor for IL-6. In vivo inoculation of B16-F10 cells transfected with anti-IL-6-siRNA, treatment with a glucocorticoid receptor blocker (RU-486) or with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol), increased hepatic GSH whereas decreased plasma IL-6 levels and metastatic growth. Corticosterone, but not NORA, also induced apoptotic cell death in metastatic cells with low GSH content. Conclusions: Our results describe an interorgan system where stress-related hormones, IL-6, and GSH coordinately regulate metastases growthThis research was supported by grant (SAF2009-07729 and IPT-010000-2010-21) from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es), Spain.Valles, SL.; Benlloch, M.; Rodriguez, ML.; Mena-Mollá, S.; Pellicer, JA.; Asensi-Miralles, MÁ.; Obrador, E.... (2013). Stress hormones promote growth of B16-F10 melanoma metastases: an interleukin 6-and glutathione-dependent mechanism. 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Expression profiling of chromatin-modifying enzymes and global DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic HIV infection at different HIV control and progression states

Abstract Background Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host genome causes global disruption of the chromatin environment. The abundance level of various chromatin-modifying enzymes produces these alterations and affects both the provirus and cellular gene expression. Here, we investigated potential changes in enzyme expression and global DNA methylation in chronically infected individuals with HIV-1 and compared these changes with non-HIV infected individuals. We also evaluated the effect of viral replication and degree of disease progression over these changes. Results Individuals with HIV-1 had a significant surge in the expression of DNA and histone methyltransferases (DNMT3A and DNMT3B, SETDB1, SUV39H1) compared with non-infected individuals, with the exception of PRMT6, which was downregulated. Some histone deacetylases (HDAC2 and HDAC3) were also upregulated in patients with HIV. Among individuals with HIV-1 with various degrees of progression and HIV control, the group of treated patients with undetectable viremia showed greater differences with the other two groups (untreated HIV-1 controllers and non-controllers). These latter two groups exhibited a similar behavior between them. Of interest, the overexpression of genes that associate with viral protein Tat (such as SETDB1 along with DNMT3A and HDAC1, and SIRT-1) was more prevalent in treated patients. We also observed elevated levels of global DNA methylation in individuals with HIV-1 in an inverse correlation with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Conclusions The current study shows an increase in chromatin-modifying enzymes and remodelers and in global DNA methylation in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, modulated by various levels of viral control and progression