Orthogonal, metal-free surface modification by strain-promoted azide–alkyne and nitrile oxide–alkene/alkyne cycloadditions

In this article we present a fast and efficient methodology for biochemical surface patterning under extremely mild conditions. Micropatterned azide/benzaldoxime-surfaces were prepared by microcontact printing of a heterobifunctional cyclooctyne oxime linker on azide-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) in combination with microcontact printing allows fast and effective surface patterning. The resulting bifunctional azide/oxime substrates could successfully be used for metal-free, orthogonal immobilization of various biomolecules by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions at room temperature. Azide-decorated areas were modified by reaction with a cyclooctyne-conjugate using SPAAC, while benzaldoxime-decorated areas were activated by in situ oxidation to the reactive nitrile oxides and subsequent nitrile oxide cycloaddition with alkene- and alkyne-functionalized bioconjugates. In addition, orthogonal double immobilization was achieved by consecutive and independent SPAAC and nitrile oxide cycloadditions

Analyzing publicly available videos about recreational fishing reveals key ecological and social insights : A case study about groupers in the Mediterranean Sea

iEcology and conservation culturomics are two emerging research approaches that rely on digital data for studying ecological patterns and human-nature interactions. We applied data mining of videos published on YouTube related to recreational fishing of four species of groupers (family: Epinephelidae) in Italy between 2011 and 2017 to learnwhether digital user-supplied data help uncover key spatio-temporal ecological patterns characteristic of the studied species. Our results support an ontogenetic deepening of the dusky grouper (Epinephelusmarginatus) as revealed by a positive relationship between body mass and depth of captures declared in spearfishing videos. In addition, the data support a northward expansion of the white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) because the average latitude associated to the catch was found to be positively correlatedwith the years when the videos were uploaded on YouTube. Furthermore, the georeferenced data about the white grouper filled a knowledge gap in a well-established international occurrence records dataset. The approach presented here could help mitigating data deficiencies and inform about harvesting patterns shown by recreational anglers and spearfishers. Our work illustrates the value of digital data associated with recreational fishing for advancing fish and fisheries research. The approach can be broadened to larger spatial and temporal scales, and to different species, contributing to a better understanding ofmacroecological patterns, assessment and conservation of exploited species, and monitoring of recreational fisheries. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Solstice: An Electronic Journal of Geography and Mathematics: Vol. 29, No. 1

This particular issue of Solstice is a Special Issue devoted to Meridian MS renaissance.Contains journal articles and one supporting animation for the cover to Volume XXIX, Number 1, of Solstice: An Electronic Journal of Geography and Mathematics.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144499/1/SolsticeJune2018Final.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144499/3/QRcover.gif284Description of SolsticeJune2018Final.pdf : Solstice, Vol. XXIX, No. 1.Description of QRcover.gif : Animation attached in pdf.Description of SolsticeJune2018Final.docx : Word file; base for pdf.Description of SolsticeJune2018Final.docx : Word file; base for pdf

Solstice: An Electronic Journal of Geography and Mathematics, Volume X, Number 2.

This document was delivered over the internet.The purpose of Solstice is to promote interaction between geography and mathematics. Articles in which elements of one discipline are used to shed light on the other are particularly sought. Also welcome, are original contributions that are purely geographical or purely mathematical. These may be prefaced (by editor or author) with commentary suggesting directions that might lead toward the desired interaction. Contributed articles will be refereed by geographers and/or mathematicians. Invited articles will be screened by suitable members of the editorial board. IMaGe is open to having authors suggest, and furnish material for, new regular features.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/2/jackson.htmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/3/1_jackson.htmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/4/solsw.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/5/sols299.htmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/6/jackson5.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/7/jackson4.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/8/jackson2a.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/9/jackson3.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/10/jackson2.htmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/11/jackson1.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/12/jackson0.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/13/image696.JPGhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/14/Image13.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/15/Image12.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/16/Image11.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/17/Image10.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/18/Image9.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/19/Image8.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/20/Image7.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/21/Colorbar.gifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58246/43/1999SolsticeVol10.pdfDescription of 1999SolsticeVol10.pdf : Solstice, 1999, Numbers 1 and 2. Contains attachments

Recreational angling and spearfishing on social media : insights on harvesting patterns, social engagement and sentiments related to the distributional range shift of a marine invasive species

Fisheries are among the human activities that are most strongly affected by ongoing climate-related changes in the presence and abundance of fish species across the globe. The ecological and social repercussions of such changes for recreational fisheries are however still poorly understood. Here, we compare selected ecological and social dimensions of both recreational angling and spearfishing targeting the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Italy. The bluefish has undergone a northward expansion in the region over the last 20-30 years, during which it reached new areas and increased in abundance. Using digital videos and their associated data published by both recreational anglers and spearfishers on YouTube we characterized ecological and social dimensions using a culturomics approach. Specifically, we focused on harvesting patterns, social engagement and sentiments related to the bluefish. Our study revealed four major results: (1) similar harvesting patterns (i.e., declared mass and seasonal upload patterns) related to videos by both recreational anglers and spearfishers; (2) higher social engagement (i.e., number of views and likes) for videos by recreational anglers than spearfishers; (3) differences in themes of discussion, with anglers being mainly interested in fishing strategy and gears and spearfishers being more interested in fishing actions shown on the videos; (4) positive and negative sentiments of both recreational anglers and spearfishers towards the invasiveness and aggressiveness of the species. The latter represents an interesting trade-off associated with recreational fishing of the bluefish: it is perceived as an invasive species, but it is also a valued target fish because its voracity contributes to the quality of the recreational fishing experience. Our study showcases the value of exploring social media and associated data to better understand the ecological and human dimensions of marine recreational fisheries in relation to distributional range shifts of species associated with climate change.Peer reviewe

Generalized acceleration theorem for spatiotemporal Bloch waves

A representation is put forward for wave functions of quantum particles in periodic lattice potentials subjected to homogeneous time-periodic forcing, based on an expansion with respect to Bloch-like states which embody both the spatial and the temporal periodicity. It is shown that there exists a generalization of Bloch's famous acceleration theorem which grows out of this representation and captures the effect of a weak probe force applied in addition to a strong dressing force. Taken together, these elements point at a "dressing and probing" strategy for coherent wave-packet manipulation, which could be implemented in present experiments with optical lattices.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

uptake, intracellular distribution and cellular responses

Silver nanoparticles (SNP) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles worldwide. They can be found in many diverse products, mostly because of their antibacterial properties. Despite its widespread use only little data on possible adverse health effects exist. It is difficult to compare biological data from different studies due to the great variety in sizes, coatings or shapes of the particles. Here, we applied a novel synthesis approach to obtain SNP, which are covalently stabilized by a small peptide. This enables a tight control of both size and shape. We applied these SNP in two different sizes of 20 or 40 nm (Ag20Pep and Ag40Pep) and analyzed responses of THP-1-derived human macrophages. Similar gold nanoparticles with the same coating (Au20Pep) were used for comparison and found to be non-toxic. We assessed the cytotoxicity of particles and confirmed their cellular uptake via transmission electron microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. Importantly a majority of the SNP could be detected as individual particles spread throughout the cells. Furthermore we studied several types of oxidative stress related responses such as induction of heme oxygenase I or formation of protein carbonyls. In summary, our data demonstrate that even low doses of SNP exerted adverse effects in human macrophages

Citizen science technologies and new opportunities for participation

Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today

Socio-economic drivers of specialist anglers targeting the non-native European catfish (Silurus glanis) in the UK.

Information about the socioeconomic drivers of Silurus glanis anglers in the UK were collected using questionnaires from a cross section of mixed cyprinid fisheries to elucidate human dimensions in angling and non-native fisheries management. Respondents were predominantly male (95%), 30-40 years of age with £500 per annum. The proportion of time spent angling for S. glanis was significantly related to angler motivations; fish size, challenge in catch, tranquil natural surroundings, escape from daily stress and to be alone were considered important drivers of increased time spent angling. Overall, poor awareness of: the risks and adverse ecological impacts associated with introduced S. glanis, non-native fisheries legislation, problems in use of unlimited ground bait and high fish stocking rates in angling lakes were evident, possibly related to inadequate training and information provided by angling organisations to anglers, as many stated that they were insufficiently informed