The Effects of Female Labor Force Participation on Obesity

This paper assesses whether a causal relationship exists between recent increases in female labor force participation and the increased prevalence of obesity amongst women. The expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the 1980s and 1990s have been established by prior literature as having generated variation in female labor supply, particularly amongst single mothers. Here, we use this plausibly exogenous variation in female labor supply to identify the effect of labor force participation on obesity status. We use data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and replicate labor supply effects of the EITC expansions found in previous literature. This validates employing a difference-in-differences estimation strategy in the NHIS data, as has been done in several other data sets. Depending on the specification, we find that increased labor force participation can account for at most 19% of the observed change in obesity prevalence over our sample period. Our preferred specification, however, suggests that there is no causal link between increased female labor force participation and increased obesity.female labor force participation, obesity, earned income tax credit

The effects of female labor force participation on obesity

This paper assesses whether a causal relationship exists between recent increases in female labor force participation and the increased prevalence of obesity amongst women. The expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the 1980s and 1990s have been established by prior literature as having generated variation in female labor supply, particularly amongst single mothers. Here, we use this plausibly exogenous variation in female labor supply to identify the effect of labor force participation on obesity status. We use data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and replicate labor supply effects of the EITC expansions found in previous literature. This validates employing a difference-in-differences estimation strategy in the NHIS data, as has been done in several other data sets. Depending on the specification, we find that increased labor force participation can account for at most 19% of the observed change in obesity prevalence over our sample period. Our preferred specification, however, suggests that there is no causal link between increased female labor force participation and increased obesity.Women - Employment ; Obesity ; Tax credits

Analyses of risks associated with radiation exposure from past major solar particle events

Radiation exposures and cancer induction/mortality risks were investigated for several major solar particle events (SPE's). The SPE's included are: February 1956, November 1960, August 1972, October 1989, and the September, August, and October 1989 events combined. The three 1989 events were treated as one since all three could affect a single lunar or Mars mission. A baryon transport code was used to propagate particles through aluminum and tissue shield materials. A free space environment was utilized for all calculations. Results show the 30-day blood forming organs (BFO) limit of 25 rem was surpassed by all five events using 10 g/sq cm of shielding. The BFO limit is based on a depth dose of 5 cm of tissue, while a more detailed shield distribution of the BFO's was utilized. A comparison between the 5 cm depth dose and the dose found using the BFO shield distribution shows that the 5 cm depth value slightly higher than the BFO dose. The annual limit of 50 rem was exceeded by the August 1972, October 1989, and the three combined 1989 events with 5 g/sq cm of shielding. Cancer mortality risks ranged from 1.5 to 17 percent at 1 g/sq cm and 0.5 to 1.1 percent behind 10 g/sq cm of shielding for five events. These ranges correspond to those for a 45 year old male. It is shown that secondary particles comprise about 1/3 of the total risk at 10 g/sq cm of shielding. Utilizing a computerized Space Shuttle shielding model to represent a typical spacecraft configuration in free space at the August 1972 SPE, average crew doses exceeded the BFO dose limit

Peranan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Dalam Perncanaan Pembangunan Daerah Di Kabupaten Halmahera Timur

This study aims to determine the role of the Regional Development Planning Agency in Regional Development Planning Process in East Halmahera. In this research, using qualitative research methods and techniques of qualitative data analysis. data collection techniques in this study include: (1) Interview, (2) documentation, and (3) Observation. The stages-resistant performed in analyzing the data, are: (1) Data Editing, (2) Data Reduction, and (3) Data Interpretation. Based on the results of research conducted, showing that: (1) In the process of regional planning, Regional Planning Board of East Halmahera certainly plays an important role in accommodating all available resources to formulate local development planning, (2) Role of Regional Development Planning Board East Halmahera can walk though the process is still there are issues that affect the development planning of factors both internal and external factors. Internal factors of the Halmahera Bappeda itself, among others, the ability of human resources is not adequate, facilities and infrastructure, and coordination are not yet optimal. While external factors which other officials unprepared planning data, other officials have not been the focus in the planning, implementation activities are not always on time according to the fiscal year due to some areas difficult to reach (geographic factors), and the involvement of stakeholders in the planning process is low

The Effect Of 3d Printing Machine Parameters In Extrusion Process Of Biocomposite Materials (Pmma And Ha) On Dimensional Accuracy

Bone implants are medical procedures involving replacement or reconstruction of missing or damaged bones with the patient's ones, natural substitutes or artificial substitutes. The widely used bone cement is a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based composite material. To improve bioactivity, PMMA is combined with hydroxyapatite (HA). The manual formation can make bone implants during surgery. However, the method requires a longer operation time and raises the possibility of a higher error. Therefore, 3D printing technology is used to improve the quality of bone implants. One of the machines that can be used is the 3D printing machine, the property of the Product Design and Development Laboratory of Universitas Gadjah Mada. This machine needs to be tested to determine the accuracy of the prints, which is one indicator of product quality. Several machine parameters can be set in this machine setting. This study aims to determine the effect of three parameters, those are perimeter speed or edge print speed (20-40 mm / s), infill speed or inner print speed (50 - 70 mm / s), and fill angle or inner slope of inner printing (45 - 90 ° C). Before printing complex shapes, the machine was tested in advance with a more straightforward specimen design, which is a specimen design of flexural strength test. Response surface experiment design is used to determine the effect of three parameters on the dimensional accuracy which is measured through dimensional error. The results show that these three factors have no significant impact on the dimensional error, but the resulting error is still high. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the design size before printing

Peran Budaya Organisasi dan Manajemen Pengetahuan terhadap Kinerja Aparatur

This study was conducted in order to prove the hypothesis that has been formulated that there is significant influence of organizational culture dan knowledge management on the performance of the apparatus on the object of study, namely the Secretariat General of the Council of National Resilience. The study was conducted by using a quantitative approach in the form of a correlation study. Techniques of data collection using survey techniques through questionnaires, by giving a list of statements and questions to the 60 respondents as the sample is determined by means of simple random sampling. Conclusion the study proves that the influence of organizational culture on the performance of the apparatus Secretary General of Wantannas insignificant. While the influence of knowledge management on the performance of the Secretariat General Wantannas is significant. Similarly, studies have shown a significant influence of organizational culture and knowledge management simultaneous on the performance of the Secretariat General of Wantannas. Therefore, it is recommended that the Secretariat General of Wantannas develop organizational culture and knowledge management as one of the models of organizational coaching in improving the achievement of high performanc

Los claroscuros de la sincronización internacional de los ciclos económicos: evidencia sobre la manufactura de México

Se analiza la sincronización de las fluctuaciones cíclicas de la división manufacturera de México con el ciclo estadounidense. Se utiliza el enfoque tradicional de los ciclos de crecimiento para el periodo 1980-2004 en submuestras de cinco años que se desplazan en el tiempo, lo cual permite estudiar la evolución temporal del proceso. Los resultados sugieren que la sincronización se ha incrementado sustancialmente en el marco del TLCAN, pero ha sido heterogénea, pues el comercio exterior puede haber sido un mecanismo de transmisión fundamental en el proceso. También se muestra que las actividades más integradas al exterior son más vulnerables a los choques externos, lo cual puede constituir una debilidad de la nueva estrategia de desarrollo

Advanced manufacturing development of a composite empennage component for L-1011 aircraft

This is the final report of technical work conducted during the fourth phase of a multiphase program having the objective of the design, development and flight evaluation of an advanced composite empennage component manufactured in a production environment at a cost competitive with those of its metal counterpart, and at a weight savings of at least 20 percent. The empennage component selected for this program is the vertical fin box of the L-1011 aircraft. The box structure extends from the fuselage production joint to the tip rib and includes front and rear spars. During Phase 4 of the program, production quality tooling was designed and manufactured to produce three sets of covers, ribs, spars, miscellaneous parts, and subassemblies to assemble three complete ACVF units. Recurring and nonrecurring cost data were compiled and documented in the updated producibility/design to cost plan. Nondestruct inspections, quality control tests, and quality acceptance tests were performed in accordance with the quality assurance plan and the structural integrity control plan. Records were maintained to provide traceability of material and parts throughout the manufacturing development phase. It was also determined that additional tooling would not be required to support the current and projected L-1011 production rate

Analisis Manajemen Pemenuhan Pelanggan Pada Industri Kecil Menengah Pembuatan Tas Dan Bordir Menggunakan Pemodelan System Dynamics (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Kurnia Jaya – YOGYAKARTA)

Small Medium Enterprise (SME) plays a strategic role in developing countries economy. Each of SMEs has unique strategy of order fulfillment management. This is influenced by factor dynamics influencing the system. The system characteristic becomes the inspiration to be studied furthermore continues especially using system dynamics modeling approach. System dynamics modeling approach used because this method used to know and learn the system behavior. This paper represents of order fulfillment management analysis with case study at CV. Kurnia Jaya – Yogyakarta. The developed model has 4 sub models: customer order sub model, order fulfillment sub model, raw material management sub model and labor sub model. Next step is calibrating the developed model with boundary adequacy test, extreme conditions test and behavior reproduction test. After passing all these steps, the developed model to be ran with policy design (different scenario of order such as: constant order, step order, impulse order and actual order). Finally 3 alternative recommendations proposed for increasing the production rate so the order backlog and delivery delay decrease