Physiological quality seeds of bean in no-tillage system over different coverings of plants in Diamantina, MG

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas de plantas sobre a qualidade fisiol?gica de sementes de feij?o em plantio direto no munic?pio de Diamantina - MG. O experimento foi instalado no Campus II da UFVJM, num Neossolo Quartzar?nico ?rtico t?pico, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos constitu?ram-se de palhada dessecada e ro?ada de 1) Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, 3) Panicum maximum cv. Tanz?nia, 4) Panicum maximum cv. Momba?a, 5) Mucuna aterrina (mucuna preta), 6) Calopogonio muconoides cv. Calopogonio, 7) Dolichos lab lab (lab lab), 8) Cajanus cajan (guandu), 9) Cobertura natural e 10) Plantio convencional onde se efetuou o plantio de feij?o cultivar Talism?. A qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germina??o (primeira contagem e contagem final); condutividade el?trica dos solutos; peso de 100 sementes; comprimento e peso das pl?ntulas; ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o e teor de ?gua das sementes de feij?o. As gram?neas Panicum. maximum cv. Momba?a, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e P. maximum cv. Tanz?nia produziram mat?ria seca em quantidade e uniformidade para maior conserva??o de ?gua e prote??o do solo para viabilizar o sistema plantio direto. A qualidade das sementes n?o foi afetada pelos manejos de solo utilizados e sim pelas condi??es clim?ticas na matura??o.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The objective this work was evaluate the effect of different coverings plants on the physiological quality seeds of bean in no-tillage system in Diamantina - MG. The experiment was installed in the Campus II of UFVJM, in a Neossolo Quartzar?nico ?rtico t?pico, in blocks randomized design, with ten treatments and four replicates. The treatments were constituted of control chemical and rubbed straw of 1) Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, 3) Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, 4) Panicum maximum cv. Momba?a, 5) Mucuna aterrina (black mucuna), 6) Calopogonio muconoides cv. Calopogonio, 7) Dolichos lab lab (lab lab), 8) Cajanus cajan (guandu), 9) Natural covering and 10) Conventional plantation where the bean plantation was made to cultivate Talisman. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by the germination tests (first and final count); electric conductivity of the solute; weigh of 100 seeds; length and weight of the plants; index of germination speed and text of water of the bean seeds. The grass Panicum. maximum cv. Momba?a, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B. decumbens cv. Basilisk and P. maximum cv. Tanzania produced dry matter in amount and uniformity for larger conservation of water and protection of the soil to make possible the no-tillage system. The quality of the seeds was not affected by the used soil handlings but had the influence of the climatic conditions in the maturation

Milk production and composition of cows fed diets with different contents of concentrate and lipids

Avaliaram-se a produ??o e a composi??o do leite de vacas da ra?a Holandesa alimentadas com diferentes propor??es de forragem e teores de lip?deos na dieta. Foram utilizadas oito vacas com 58?9 dias em lacta??o, com produ??o m?dia de 28?4kg/dia de leite, distribu?das em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4 duplo, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2. Os tratamentos foram dietas com alta forragem e baixo n?vel de lip?deos, alta forragem e alto n?vel de lip?deos, baixa forragem e baixo n?vel de lip?deos e baixa forragem e alto n?vel de lip?deos. As produ??es de leite e leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). A redu??o na propor??o de forragem reduziu a produ??o e a concentra??o de gordura no leite (P0.05). The reduction on forage ratio in the diet decreased milk fat percentage and production (P<0.05). The increase in lipid levels in the diets reduced total milk solids as well as milk urea nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05)

Silage production, chemical composition and fermentative capacity of wilted sweet potato vines

A varia??o na disponibilidade de forragem ao longo do ano, aliada ? necessidade de se utilizar alimentos de menor custo para ruminantes, t?m contribu?do para um aumento na procura por novas alternativas para alimenta??o animal. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade de massa seca (PMS) de ramas e o efeito do emurchecimento na composi??o bromatol?gica e capacidade fermentativa (CF) de ramas de batata-doce visando a produ??o de silagens. Foram avaliados os gen?tipos BD-08, BD-23, BD-25, BD-31TO, BD-38, BD-43 e Brazl?ndia Roxa, utilizando-se o arranjo fatorial 7 x 2 (gen?tipos x ramas emurchecidas ou n?o), em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repeti??es. Foram determinados a produ??o de massa seca e os teores de mat?ria seca (MS), prote?na bruta (PB), fbra em detergente neutro (FDN), fbra em detergente ?cido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, cinzas, carboidratos sol?veis (CS), nitrog?nio insol?vel em detergente ?cido (NIDA), capacidade tamp?o (CT) e capacidade fermentativa (CF) das ramas in natura e emurchecidas. A PMS das ramas variou de 4,2 a 7,9 t ha-1, com destaque para BD-25, BD-08 e BD-23 com produtividades superiores a 7,0 t ha-1. O emurchecimento promoveu aumento nos teores de MS (15,7 para 25,7%), de PB (11,0 para 11,9%), FDA (29,2 para 41,7%), lignina (8,6 para 15,5%), celulose (19,3 para 24,3%), cinzas (8,9 para 10,0%) e NIDA (9,7 para 32,8%), e redu??o nos teores de CS (15,0 para 7.6%), tornando as ramas emurchecidas de pior qualidade. O emurchecimento n?o infuenciou a CF das ramas (m?dia de 37,2) e promoveu eleva??o nos teores de FDN de forma diferenciada para cada gen?tipo. Os teores mais elevados de MS nas ramas emurchecidas compensaram o mais baixo teor de CS, tornando a CF das ramas semelhante. As ramas de batata-doce de todos os gen?tipos apresentaram elevado potencial de ensilabilidade.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The variation in the availability of forage throughout the year and the need to use low-cost food for ruminants contributed to an increase in the search for new food alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of the dry mass of vines and the effect of wilting on the chemical composition and fermentative capacity of sweet potato vines for silage production. The evaluated genotypes were BD-08, BD-23, BD-25, BD-31TO, BD-38, BD-43 and Brazl?ndia Roxa, using a 7x2 factorial arrangement (genotype x wilted vines or not), in a randomized block design, with four replications. We determined the dry matter yield (PMS) and dry matter (MS), crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash, water soluble carbohydrates (CS), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (NIDA), buffering capacity (CT) and fermentative capacity (CF) of fresh and wilted vines. The MS of vines ranged from 4.2 to 7.9 t ha-1, with emphasis on BD-25, BD-08 and BD-23 with yields higher than 7.0 t ha-1. Wilting promoted increase in MS (15.7 to 25.7%), PB (11.0 to 11.9%), FDA (29.2 to 41.7%), lignin (8.6 to 15.5%), cellulose (19.3 to 24.3%), ash (8.9 to 10.0%) and NIDA (9.7 to 32.8%), and reduced levels of CS (15.0 to 7.6%), making the wilted branches of poorer quality. Wilting did not affect the CF of the vines (average 37.2) and promoted an increase in FDN differently for each genotype. The highest levels of MS in wilted vines offset the lower level of CS, making similar the CF of vines.The sweet potato vines of all genotypes presented high potential for silage

Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at √s=2.76 TeV

The double-differential inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum pT and absolute rapidity IyI, using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of √s=2.76 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.43 pb⁻¹. Jets are reconstructed within the pT range of 74 to 592 GeV and the rapidity range IyI < 3.0.The reconstructed jet spectrum is corrected for detector resolution. The measurements are compared to the theoretical prediction at next-to-leading-order QCD using different sets of parton distribution functions. This inclusive cross section measurement explores a new kinematic region and is consistent with QCD predictions

Comparative analysis of methodologies for determining reference values for stream sediment.

A defini??o de valores de refer?ncia em s?ries de dados geoqu?micos tem sido um dos principais desafios nos estudos relativos ? geoqu?mica ambiental. Antigas metodologias eram fundamentadas em par?metros estat?sticos, na constru??o de tabelas, gr?ficos e histogramas. Contudo, estas t?cnicas n?o definem estes valores de maneira correta ou apresentam valores muito diferentes para a mesma regi?o. Desta forma, o presente trabalho testou diferentes metodologias de determina??o de valores de refer?ncia para sedimentos de corrente: m?dia +2 desvio padr?o, mediana +2 MAD, boxplot UIF, an?lise fractal, an?lise espacial com a interpola??o pelo modelo IDW e as metodologias associadas, o que foi feito na regi?o do Quadril?tero Ferr?fero ? Brasil, conhecida mundialmente por sua diversidade de min?rios e tipos litol?gicos. Os resultados indicam que as t?cnicas mais antigas de determina??o de valores de refer?ncia, notadamente a ?M?dia + 2x desvio padr?o e a Mediana + 2x MAD? demonstraram n?o serem efetivas para a separa??o das anomalias, pois superestimam ou subestimam a faixa de refer?ncia, podendo causar erros consider?veis quando s?o discutidos aspectos relativos ? legisla??o ambiental. J? as metodologias ?An?lise fractal? e ?Boxplot UIF? apresentaram, para a grande maioria dos elementos, valores bem pr?ximos, confirmando que o intervalo de refer?ncia est? correto e, demonstrando que ambas s?o as mais adequadas para ambientes geol?gicos complexos. Contudo, foram verificados para alguns elementos (Cu, Fe, Pb e Ti) valores discrepantes de 30 a 46 % entre as metodologias. No entanto, sempre que ocorreram diverg?ncias, os valores obtidos via An?lise fractal demonstraram ser mais condizentes com a distribui??o espacial dos elementos, al?m de ter apresentado os outliers em locais onde notadamente s?o observados litotipos ricos no elemento e impactos ambientais capazes de disponibiliz?-lo para o meio.The determination of reference values in geochemical data set has been a major challenge in studies related to environmental geochemistry. Old methods were based on statistical parameters, the construction of tables, graphs and histograms. However, these techniques do not define these values properly, or show very different values for the same region. This research tested different methods the determination of reference values for stream sediments: mean +2x standard deviation, median +2x MAD, boxplot UIF, fractal analysis, spatial analysis with the IDW interpolation model and associated methodologies, in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil, known worldwide for diversity of minerals and rock types. The results show that ancient methods of determination of reference values, notably the mean + 2x standard deviation and median + 2x MAD not to be effective for the separation of anomalies, because overestimate or underestimate the reference range, may cause errors considerable when discuss aspects related to environmental legislation. In other hand, the methodologies ?fractal analysis? and ?boxplot UIF? show, for most of the elements, very close values, confirming that the reference range is correct and, demonstrating that both are appropriate for complex geological environments. However, some elements, mainly Cu, Fe, Pb and Ti showed a great difference of between the methodologies, around 30 to 46%. For these elements, the reference values obtained via fractal analysis proved to be more consistent with the spatial distribution of the elements, and also presented the outliers in places where observed rock types rich in the element and environmental impacts that able to release it to the environment

Geochemistry and C and O isotope composition of carbonate rocks from Bemil and Lagoa Seca quarries, Gandarela Formation, Quadril?tero Ferr?fero - Brazil.

Geochemical and isotopic (carbon and oxygen) compositions of Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Bemil and Lagoa Seca quarries ? Gandarela Formation ? Quadril?tero Ferr?fero ? Brazil, were determined. Few samples (12 out of 69) show relatively higher REE contents that are associated with strongly positive correlation with the immobile elements including Al, Ni, Th, Cr, Sc and Y coupled with a negative correlation between ?REE and CaO, suggesting that the observed variations in the ?REE values in these samples were controlled mainly by the input of terrigenous materials. The Eu and Ce anomalies (normalized by the PAAS) of the analyzed samples vary from 1.1 to 2.13 and 0.79 to 1.03, respectively for Bemil quarry samples and 0.74 to 2.7 and 0.32 to 0.99, respectively, for samples from the Lagoa Seca quarry. In the present study, Al2O3 content do not show significant correlation with Eu/Eu* (correlation coefficient r = 0.23). Hence the positive europium anomalies in these samples seem to have not been influenced by the amount of terrigenous materials in them. Y/Ho ratios range from 27 to 93 for Bemil quarry samples and 24 to 132 for samples from the Lagoa Seca quarry. Some samples have Y/Ho ratio more or less similar to chondritic values (?28). High REE contents, non-seawater-like REE patterns, the large abundance of certain trace elements such as Sc, Th and Hf, high (La/Yb)sn ratios and low Y/ Ho ratios collectively suggest that few samples were mainly influenced by the incorporation of terrigenous materials. Most of the studied samples (38 out of 69) of the Bemil and Lagoa Seca quarries have ?18O (VPDB) values lower than ?12?, corresponding to carbonates that underwent changes by post-depositional processes. The ?13C values (0.69? to ?4.46? and 0.07? to ?6.18?) of the majority of the analyzed samples, both of the Bemil quarry and the Lagoa Seca quarry, are similar to those marine carbonates of the same age (?2.42 Ga). Samples that have ?13C values around ?4? are likely to result from decarbonation reactions. Two samples (LS11 and LS12) may record glacial periods

Influence of hydrothermal treatments on papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.).

Four postharvest hydrothermal treatments were applied on papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) ?Golden? and the stress stimulated by the treatments was monitored by the ethylene (C2H4), carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates and fruit quality. The postharvest hydrothermal treatments consisted of submerging alternately the fruit into two water baths, the first one with water at a temperature of 49?C and the second at 12?C. An increase in the emission rates of both gaseous species (C2H4 and CO2) was observed as a response to the stress. Typical quality parameters as pulp firmness, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids were simultaneously determined and correlated with the gases emitted from the fruits