Gene action and combining ability estimates of newly developed CMS based heterotic rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.)

An insight knowledge nature and relative magnitude of gene actions involved and combining ability is useful for a breeder to assess nicking ability in self-pollinated crops. In this connection, an attempt was made to esti- mate the gene action and combining ability of 70 newly developed CMS based heterotic rice hybrids developed from ten newly developed CMS lines and seven testers were evaluated for grain yield and its components at Hybrid rice scheme, ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya. Among the lines, CMS 2 had significant gca effects at 1% level of significance in desired direction for four traits viz., panicle weight, pollen fertility, spikelet fertility and number of spikelets per pan- icle. Out of seven testers, KMR 3 found to be good general combiner for five traits viz., days to 50 per cent flower- ing, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant and grain L/B ratio. Among the 70 hybrids, CMS1 × KMR3 was good specific combiner for grain yield per plant and grain L/B ratio. It further revealed that SCA variances were higher than the GCA variances for all the characters which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action. Hence, CMS 2 and KMR 3 are identified as promising lines which can be used in further breeding pro- gramme

MFC-09-1: A New Forage Cowpea (\u3cem\u3eVigna unguiculata\u3c/em\u3e (L.) Walp) Variety for South Zone of India

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a leguminous crop grown throughout West Africa, often in association with pearl millet and sorghum. Cowpea is well adapted to the harsh growing conditions, including low soil fertility, high temperatures, and drought. Cowpea can fix atmospheric nitrogen to improve soil fertility and cropping system productivity. Additionally, farmers feed cowpea fodder to livestock to increase income, and collect the manure produced for use in their fields thereby reduces farmers’ reliance on commercial fertilizers and sustains soil fertility. Previous studies with cowpea indicated that this legume improves soil fertility and enhances the intake and utilization of poor quality roughage consequently improving livestock production and productivity

Performance of Dual Purpose Pearl Millet Genotypes as Influenced by Cutting Management and Nitrogen Levels

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is important minor millets cultivated both for food and fodder. The dual purpose nature of pearl millet has recently identified due to its profused tillering, repeated harvesting and absence of anti nutritional factor. In fodder crops, the production potential can be manipulated by fertilizer management and time of harvest. In this regard, peal millet no exception, scientific study on cutting and nitrogen management on green fodder yield, quality and grain yield is meagre. Therefore, the present investigation was under taken to study the influence of cutting management and nitrogen levels on green forage and grain yield of dual purpose pearl millet

Enhancing Productivity of Guinea Grass Variety JHGG-08-1 through Agro-Techniques in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is a major pan tropical grass used throughout the tropics for pasture, cut-and-carry, silage and hay. It is a fast growing and leafy grass, which is palatable to livestock with a good nutritional value. However, it is generally recommended to supplement it with sources of protein in order to meet nutritional requirements or improve animal performance. It grows well on a wide variety of well drained soils of good fertility and it is a good vegetative barrier. It can survive quick moving fires which does not harm the underground roots and drought because of the deep, dense and fibrous root system. The potentiality of the varieties varies with agro climatic situation and soil type, keeping these things in view, the present investigation was undertaken to identify the optimum plant population and nutrient levels for enhancing the productivity and quality of guinea grass variety JHGG-08- in southern Zone of Karnataka

Performance of Guinea Grass Variety JHGG-08-1 in Southern Region of Karnataka

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is native to Africa but this grass was introduced to almost all tropical countries as a source of animal forage. It grows well on a wide variety of well drained soils of good fertility and it is suitable for vegetative barrier and conservation of soil. It can survive quick moving fires which does not harm the underground roots and drought because of the deep, dense and fibrous root system. The Potentiality of the varieties varies with agro climatic situation and soil type. Keeping these things in view, the present investigation was taken up to study the performance of Guinea grass varieties in southern dry zone of Karnataka under protective irrigation

Insights into the Musa genome: Syntenic relationships to rice and between Musa species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Musa </it>species (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales) including bananas and plantains are collectively the fourth most important crop in developing countries. Knowledge concerning <it>Musa </it>genome structure and the origin of distinct cultivars has greatly increased over the last few years. Until now, however, no large-scale analyses of <it>Musa </it>genomic sequence have been conducted. This study compares genomic sequence in two <it>Musa </it>species with orthologous regions in the rice genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We produced 1.4 Mb of <it>Musa </it>sequence from 13 BAC clones, annotated and analyzed them along with 4 previously sequenced BACs. The 443 predicted genes revealed that Zingiberales genes share GC content and distribution characteristics with eudicot and Poaceae genomes. Comparison with rice revealed microsynteny regions that have persisted since the divergence of the Commelinid orders Poales and Zingiberales at least 117 Mya. The previously hypothesized large-scale duplication event in the common ancestor of major cereal lineages within the Poaceae was verified. The divergence time distributions for <it>Musa</it>-Zingiber (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberales) orthologs and paralogs provide strong evidence for a large-scale duplication event in the <it>Musa </it>lineage after its divergence from the Zingiberaceae approximately 61 Mya. Comparisons of genomic regions from <it>M. acuminata </it>and <it>M. balbisiana </it>revealed highly conserved genome structure, and indicated that these genomes diverged circa 4.6 Mya.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results point to the utility of comparative analyses between distantly-related monocot species such as rice and <it>Musa </it>for improving our understanding of monocot genome evolution. Sequencing the genome of <it>M. acuminata </it>would provide a strong foundation for comparative genomics in the monocots. In addition a genome sequence would aid genomic and genetic analyses of cultivated <it>Musa </it>polyploid genotypes in research aimed at localizing and cloning genes controlling important agronomic traits for breeding purposes.</p

Genetic divergence in indigenous collection of grain Amaranth

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Combining ability analysis of newer inbred lines derived from national yellow pool for grain yield and other quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

Information on combing ability is important for effective breeding strategies in a cross pollinated crop like maize. Twenty nine inbred lines were derived from national yellow pool based on their performance in their S4 generation. Twenty nine lines, three testers and their 87 hybrids from a line x tester design were evaluated for grain yield and its components. The SCA variance was higher than GCA variance for all the characters indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action. Line x tester interaction variance was found significant for all the traits except ear length, ear circumference, shelling percentage and fodder yield. The line YP4#07-20 was the best general combiner and the cross YP4#07-20 X CI-5 was identified as good specific combiner

Leveraging the rice genome sequence for monocot comparative and translational genomics

Abstract Common genome anchor points across many taxa greatly facilitate translational and comparative genomics and will improve our understanding of the Tree of Life. To add to the repertoire of genomic tools applicable to the study of monocotyledonous plants in general, we aligned Allium and Musa ESTs to Oryza BAC sequences and identiWed candidate Allium-Oryza and Musa-Oryza conserved intron-scanning primers (CISPs). A random sampling of 96 CISP primer pairs, representing loci from 11 of the 12 chromosomes in rice, were tested on seven members of the order Poales and on representatives of the Arecales, Asparagales, and Zingiberales monocot orders. The single-copy ampliWcation success rates of Allium (31.3%), Cynodon (31.4%), Hordeum (30.2%), Musa (37.5%), Oryza (61.5%), Pennisetum (33.3%), Sorghum (47.9%), Zea (33.3%), Triticum (30.2%), and representatives of the palm family (32.3%) suggest that subsets of these primers will provide DNA markers suitable for comparative and translational genomics in orphan crops, as well as for applications in conservation biology, ecology, invasion biology, population biology, systematic biology, and related Welds

Gene action and combining ability estimates of newly developed CMS based heterotic rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.)

An insight knowledge nature and relative magnitude of gene actions involved and combining ability is useful for a breeder to assess nicking ability in self-pollinated crops. In this connection, an attempt was made to esti- mate the gene action and combining ability of 70 newly developed CMS based heterotic rice hybrids developed from ten newly developed CMS lines and seven testers were evaluated for grain yield and its components at Hybrid rice scheme, ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya. Among the lines, CMS 2 had significant gca effects at 1% level of significance in desired direction for four traits viz., panicle weight, pollen fertility, spikelet fertility and number of spikelets per pan- icle. Out of seven testers, KMR 3 found to be good general combiner for five traits viz., days to 50 per cent flower- ing, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant and grain L/B ratio. Among the 70 hybrids, CMS1 × KMR3 was good specific combiner for grain yield per plant and grain L/B ratio. It further revealed that SCA variances were higher than the GCA variances for all the characters which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action. Hence, CMS 2 and KMR 3 are identified as promising lines which can be used in further breeding pro- gramme