30 research outputs found
Antifibrotic Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate via Inhibition of HMGB1 on Keloid Fibroblasts and Keloid Spheroids
Keloids are fibrous skin lesions; how keloids develop and treatment for them remain unclear. The etiology of keloids is characterized by an abnormally increased proliferation of cells, excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, and reduction of apoptosis and autophagy. We investigated the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein regulation in modulating the etiology of keloids. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein present in eukaryotic cells, known to regulate inflammation, immunity, and cell proliferation and death, and has been reported to be associated with various fibrous lesions. In particular, HMGB1 is known to regulate homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, effects of ethyl pyruvate, which is known to inhibit the extracellular action of HMGB1, on keloids with respect to the regulation of cell death by limiting the function of HMGB1 were examined. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that HMGB1 expression was increased in keloid tissues compared to that in normal tissues. Flow cytometry confirmed that autophagy was increased in fibroblasts treated with TGF-ฮฒ and HMGB1. Furthermore, immunochemical staining verified that the expression of HMGB1 was significantly reduced by ethyl pyruvate treatment of keloid cells. Western blotting revealed that the expression of type 1, 3 collagen, fibronectin, elastin, TGF-ฮฒ, Smad 2/3, and ERK1 / 2 in keloid cells were significantly decreased by ethyl pyruvate treatment. Based on these results, autophagy was increased in keloids, whereas autophagy decreased, apoptosis increased, and fibrosis decreased with ethyl pyruvate treatment, an inhibitor of HMGB1. These results suggest that ethyl pyruvate may be applied for suppression and treatment of keloids.
์ผ๋ก์ด๋๋ ๋ฐ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ๋ช
ํํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํ์ง์ง ์์ ์ฌ์ ์ฑ ํผ๋ถ ๋ณ๋ณ์ด๋ค. ์ผ๋ก์ด๋์ ๋ณ์ธ์ ๋น์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์ด ์ธํฌ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ง์ด ๊ณผ๋ํ๊ฒ ์ถ์ ๋๋ฉฐ ์๋ฉธ์ฌ ๋ฐ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์ ์ญ์ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํน์ง์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก์ด๋์ ๋ณ์ธ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์กฐ์ ์ ์ ํํ์๋ค. HMGB1์ ์งํต ์ธํฌ์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํต ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ก ์ผ์ฆ, ๋ฉด์ญ, ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฉธ ๋ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ์ ์ฑ ๋ณ๋ณ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์๋ค. ํนํ HMGB1์ ์ธํฌ ์๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์๊ณผ์ ํญ์์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ผ๋ก์ด๋์ ๋ณ์ธ์ด ์๋ฉธ์ฌ์ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์์ ๊ฐ์์ ์ฐ๊ด๋์ด ์๋์ง ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๋ํ, HMGB1์ ์ธํฌ ์ธ ์์ฉ์ ์ต์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ง Ethyl pyruvate์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ keloid์์ Ethyl pyruvate๊ฐ HMGB1์ ์ญํ ์ ์ ํํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ๊ท ํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์์๋ณด๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํ ํญ์ฌ์ ํ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ฉด์ญํํ์ผ์์ ํตํด ์ ์์กฐ์ง์ ๋นํด keloid ์กฐ์ง์์ HMGB1์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๊ณ , ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ํฌ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ๋ํ์ ์ฌ์ ์ฑ ์ธ์์ธ TGF-ฮฒ์ HMGB1์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ์ฌ์ ๋ชจ์ธํฌ์์ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ผ๋ก์ด๋ ์ธํฌ์ Ethyl pyruvate๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ HMGB1์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฐ์ํจ์ ๋ฉด์ญํํ์ผ์์ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, MTT ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ชจ์ธํฌ์ ์ผ๋ก์ด๋ ์ฌ์ ๋ชจ์ธํฌ์์ Ethyl pyruvate (0, 10, 20mM) ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ํ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์์ด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ผ๋ก์ด๋ ์ธํฌ๊ตฌ์์ type 1, 3 collagen, fibronectin, elastin๊ณผ TGF-ฮฒ, Smad2/3, ERK1/2์ ๋ฐํ์ด Ethyl pyruvate ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํจ์ western blot์ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ํ ๋๋ก, ์ผ๋ก์ด๋์์ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์ด ์๊ณ , HMGB1์ ์ต์ ์ ์ธ Ethyl pyruvate์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์๊ฐ ํฌ์์ด ์ต์ ๋๊ณ , ์ธํฌ ์๋ฉธ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ์ ํ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด keloid์ ์ต์ ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์์ฉํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฃ๋๋ค.open๋ฐ
Study on Method of Effective Employment Education in Vocational High Schools
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ง๋ จํ์ฌ ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต๊ต์ก์์ ์ค์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ธ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ํ์ฑํ์ํค๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ฉฐ ๋์๊ฐ ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ๊ต์ก์ ์ ์ํ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌํจ์ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ด๋ จ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ํฅ์ ํ์
ํ๋ค.
๋์งธ, ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์
์ง๋์ ํํฉ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ์๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก๋ โ ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์์ ์ง๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ทจ์
์์ง ์ธก๋ฉด, โกํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ธก๋ฉด, โขํ์ฅ์ค์ต ์ด์ ์ธก๋ฉด, โฃ์ง์
์ ๋ณด์ ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด, โค๊ต์ ์ธก๋ฉด์์์ด๋ค.
์
์งธ, ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ์
ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ,
๋ท์งธ, ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค.Announcing plans on the development of vocational high schools in Feb. 2000, the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MOE) presented a new overall direction for vocational high school education of Korea. As a follow-up, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training(KRIVET) has been conducting researches in several areas to develop specific policies.
Though the employment education has been one of key areas of vocational high school education for decades, it is getting less attention recently due to several reasons. Since the financial bailout program of IMF in 1997, deteriorating economic conditions have made it difficult for the graduates of vocational high schools to find a job, and revised college admission system for 2002 has made less number of graduates of vocational high schools to seek for a job.
Nevertheless, as there are still many students who can not afford to enter a college due to economic reasons or who want to get a job instead of entering a college, employment education is still an important area for vocational high schools.
This study intends to assess current conditions and identify issues regarding employment education of existing vocational high schools. It also seeks to develop improvement measures by conducting surveys on related people to analyze the needs.
Based on a literature research, the study has interviewed officers of MOE, officers of municipal and provincial education offices, members of professional council of vocational high school teachers, and students of vocational high schools, and vocational counselors. Also, a mail survey has been conducted by randomly selecting 120 vocational high schools across the nation. Survey forms have been sent out to a total of 840 teachers, graduates and parents of the selected schools, and 688 surveys returned by the end of Jun. have been analyzed for the study.
Current conditions and issues learned from the research regarding the employment education of vocational high schools are as follows:
Comparing 1990, the number of graduates of vocational high schools in 2000 is decreasing for agricultural high schools, commercial high schools, and fisheries and marine high schools, while that of business high schools and industrial high schools is increasing. The number of vocational high school graduates who enter colleges is gradually increasing, while the number of those who find jobs is sharply decreasing from 1990. Comparing 1995, the overall number of vocational high school graduates who find a job is decreasing while those who go to a college is increasing in 2000.
The trend is same for all types of vocational high schools - agricultural, commercial, industrial, fisheries and marine, and house-keeping high schools. In 2001, 57.7% of vocational high school graduates, or 94.8% of those who want to find a job, have been employed. By school types, house-keeping high schools records the highest employment rate with 98%, followed by fisheries and marine, 96.2%, industrial, 96.4% and commercial vocational high schools with 94.5%.
Looking into employment education of vocational high schools in terms of building and operating a network for the employment education, most schools have an internet home page or are building one. However, not many schools have or are running a network for the employment education program.
Regarding an on-the-j ob training program, though both teachers and students say that it is required to improve adaptation to field, obtain vocational information and seek future career, only part of students reply that they are well adapting to the OJT program, indicating that the program needs improvement.
Overall, utilization of vocational information room is not active, average budget amount for employment education of vocational high schools is very low, and the budget to run the information room is not sufficient. Not many schools possess enough vocational data and information, while career information room and career counseling space are sufficient.
Regarding employment education programs, vocational high schools do not have enough programs in terms of volume, lack comprehensive data, lack easy-to-use data, and have programs or contents that are old-fashioned.
Seeing the aspect of counseling teachers, the number of dedicated teachers is higher compared to that of academic middle or high schools, but teachers of vocational high schools perceive vocational counseling only as a responsibility to which not much support is provided...์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ฝ
โ
. ์๋ก 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ 3
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ ์ฐจ 3
4. ์ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ 9
5. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ํ 10
โ
ก. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ด๋ จ๋ฌธํ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 11
1. ์ทจ์
์ง๋์ ๊ฐ๋
๊ณผ ๋ด์ฉ 11
2. ์ทจ์
์ง๋์์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ์ผ ํ ์์ธ 13
3. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ 16
4. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ด๋ จ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ 23
5. ์์ฌ์ 28
โ
ข. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์
์ง๋์ ํํฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ 31
1. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์กธ์
์์ ์ทจ์
์ถ์ด 31
2. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์์ ์ง๋ก๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ทจ์
์์ง ๋ฏธ์ฝ 36
3. ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ธก๋ฉด 39
4. ์ฐํํ๋ ์ธก๋ฉด 40
5. ์ง์
์ ๋ณด ์ธก๋ฉด 43
6. ๊ต์ ์ธก๋ฉด 48
โ
ฃ. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ํจ๊ณผ์ ๋ํ ์๊ฒฌ 51
1. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ๋ถ ๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์กฐ์ฑ 51
2. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์์ ์๊ธฐ ์ดํด ์ธก๋ฉด 60
3. ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ธก๋ฉด 61
4. ํ์ฅ์ค์ต๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ฐํํ๋ ฅ๊ฐํ 70
5. ์ทจ์
์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด 72
6. ๊ต์ ์ธก๋ฉด 80
7. ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฐ์ ์์ 83
โ
ค. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์ 85
1. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์
์ง๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ๋ถ ๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์กฐ์ฑ 85
2. ์ค์
๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์์ ์๊ธฐ ์ดํด์ ์ทจ์
์์ง๊ฐ๋ฐ 91
3. ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ธก๋ฉด 94
4. ์ฐํํ๋ ฅ์ธก๋ฉด 103
5. ์ทจ์
์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด 105
6. ๊ต์ ์ธก๋ฉด 110
7. ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด๋ณ ์ถ์ง๊ณผ์ 115
โ
ฅ. ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ 117
1. ์์ฝ 117
2. ์ ์ธ 119
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 123
ABSTRACT 127
๋ถ ๋ก 13
Trends in Vocational Research in Major Developed Countries
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ง ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ํฅ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ํน์ง๊ณผ ๋น๊ต ๋
ผ์ํ์ฌ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฃผ๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์์ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ช
๋ฃํํ๋ค. ๋์งธ, ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ง๊ตญ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํฅ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ, ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ด์ฉ๋ณ, ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ณ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ์
์งธ, ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ง๊ตญ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํน์ง์ ๋
ผ์ํ์ฌ ํฅํ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ผ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ๋ค.1. The purpose of this research is to grasp and compare the trends and differences of the vocational researches of foreign countries by examining the researches and studies on the same issues in the developed countries and to shed a light for the study on vocational issue in Korea.
2. The issues dealt in the study are not the ones regarding on not only vocational education and training. This is the study on vocational problems in the aspects of quantity and quality. The vocation in quantity includes the transition, prospects and categories of employment while that in quality suggests the workplace know-how and the duty to perform the job assigned.
3. Since 1946, the US have been publishing or have published in every two years, the employment prospects for the forthcoming 10 years with regard to about 250 job categories. The most recent one was published for the period of 1998-2008. The employment prospects forecast those of employees being increased, decreased, and those of drastic upswing or vice versa. The publication have presented the income, mental stress, physical strength required, growing potential, stability and working conditions of each employment depending on educational level.
4. The job classification in the US is based on the first edition of the employment directory published by the Department of Labor in 1939, which currently includes some 20,000 job categories. A new job classification system will be announced in 2001, in which about 350 jobs will be added anew to deal with the changing trend of the labor market in detail further.
5. For understanding of the job classification system in the US, there are OES (Occupational Employment Statistics) and O*NET (Occupational Information Network). O*NET contains an integrated employment information system in job classification, including job-seeking, vocational education and training. This will replace the existing employment directory and serve as a basis for sorting new job concepts.
6. The study on the basic workplace know-how has been mostly carried out by SCANS(Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills) of the Department of Labor in the US. The basic workplace know-how was described in "A SCANS Report for America 2000" published in 1992, in which SCANS proposed "Learning a Living" to interact the workplace know-how with school education, and thereafter presented the concrete way to teach the basic workplace know-how in schools. The SCANS' undertaking has led to "School-to-Work" system, and related laws were enacted to support it.
7. For the study on employment in Germany, a subsidiary research institute of the Federal Employment Stability Bureau has organized the institute in cooperation with the government agencies related to vocational training and labor markets, along with private institutes and academic circles. It generally activates the research project on vocational education and training through the close cooperation of academic research, mutual share of information data and the exchange of research products on employment among the agencies concerned.
8. All research activities of the 10 programs in the Labor and Vocational Research Center place an importance of the basic research for employment and vocation, and emphasize the practical implementation of programs derived from the basic study. In particular, the 4th sector of employment and qualification programs evaluates the ever-changing trend of job categories pursuant to the changes of labor markets, its changing factors, the forecast of the changes and the new requirements of changing qualifications on a macro scale view. It also provides the information data for job consultation and employment placement with accurate supporting data as a practical method. In other words, the Labor and Occupation Research Center collects a wide range of information and processes it so to make the outcome of the employment study useful as practical benefits in labor offices in each district.
9. For describing the transition of job categories and its long-term forecast in the employment study in Germany, statistics is utilized to explain laborers' work performance of each occupational group. Unlike other countries, the words such as a growing industry or a sunset industry is seldom used in Germany. Certain work performance was defined important in the past during the transition of a certain job or the trend in change, and that, work performance could be changed to certain direction in the forecast on a long-term basis. This way of judgement is employed as the changing trend of all job categories in detail is not possibly explained. Especially, the changes of work performance in each occupational group and demand for labor are emphasized to deal with expected diversification of labor markets and vocational training programs.
10. The workplace know-how concept in Germany has been affirmed in PETRA(Project and Transfer oriented TRAining) plan prepared by the Ministry of Education and Science of the federal government. The plan was designed to cultivate the talents necessary for new requirements as scientific technology and new processing skills in the manufacturing sector are rapidly changing.
11. Japan has been publishing the employment prospective since 1986.The Labor Policy Bureau of the Ministry of Labor has viewed a long-term labor demand and supply structure for the year 2005 and the Training Institute for Administration of Labor has drawn the similar view for the year 2010. In these views, presented are the job categories that anticipate a high growth of employment and a rapid increase of employment in hightech sectors, or those that expect decrease of employment. The Planning Bureau of the Economic Planning Agency has indicated the modified work performance in the employment of restructuring industries and the working capacity required during the transition.
12. We can find some suggestions through the analysis of foreign countries' job researches. Above all more emphasis should be focused on basic job research, because if we had more information on job trend, then we can show vision on job to peoples.
13. In Korea we need regular long term job prospects. The job forecast was made not from statistical analysis but from comments made by economists, industrial prospects of economical and financial organizations. So we must emphasize on job prospect research especially in forecast methods.
14. In contrast to rapid job change in Korea, the job classification system has not followed yet. Therefore, there were some mismatch problem between real job world and job classification. We need more research in job classification and regular compensation should be made.
15. In America, there were large scale surveys made to find job requirements. We must have more information in jobs so there must be researches on job requirements especially for maintaining and developing in job.
16. To strengthen the job research function, government should invest more and to make good mechanism system. Also the research institute should make efforts to make good quality reports to fulfill the peoples' need.์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ฝ
โ
. ์๋ก 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ 1
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ด์ฉ 2
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
4. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ 3
โ
ก. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ํฅ 9
1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๋ณ ํํฉ 9
2. ์ง์
์ ๋ง 10
3. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ 22
4. ์ง์
๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ 29
5. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ด์ฉ 29
โ
ข. ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ํฅ 33
1. ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ ํํฉ 33
2. ์ง์
์ ๋ง 35
3. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ 42
4. ์ง์
๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ 46
5. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด 47
โ
ฃ. ๋
์ผ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ํฅ 49
1. ๋
์ผ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ํํฉ 49
2. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์์์ ์ฃผ์ฒด 50
3. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ 55
4. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 59
5. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๊ณ 61
6. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ค์ 62
โ
ค. ํ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฃผ๋ ์์ฌ์ 81
1. ์ง์
์ ๋ง ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐํ 82
2. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ์ ์ฌ์ฒด๊ณํ 83
3. ์ง์
๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐํ 89
4. ์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์กฐ์ฑ 90
โ
ฅ. ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ์ ์ธ 93
์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ ํ 99
ABSTRACT 107
๋ถ ๋ก 11
์ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋์ ๋์ ๊ณผ ํ๊ต์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ ๊ณผ์
โ ๋ํ์
์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ ์์ ์์๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋๋๋ฐ ๋ํ์์ ์ฐ์ํ์ ์ ์น๋ฅผ ์ํด ์์๋ชจ์ง ๋น์จ์ ํ๋ํ์ฌ 2011ํ๋
๋ ์
์์์๋ ์ฌ์ ์ต๋์ธ 60.8%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ก
- ์์๋ชจ์ง ์ ๋ฐ ์ธ์์ 2005ํ๋
44%, 2007ํ๋
51.5%, 2009ํ๋
56.7%, 2011ํ๋
60.8%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง
โ ์์๋ชจ์ง์ ํฌ๊ฒ 6๊ฐ์ง ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋ง์ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ์ฃผ์ด์ง๊ณ ์์.
- ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ์ ํ์
์ฑ์ ๋ง์ผ๋ก๋ ๋๋ฌ๋์ง ์๋ ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ, ์ด์ , ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, ๋ด์ฌํ๋ ๋ฑ ํ์์ ์จ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ค์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก, ์๋ฅํ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฃผ๋ ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์์๋ชจ์ง์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ํ์ ์ํ ์ธ์์ด ํฌ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์.
- 2010ํ๋
๋ 90๊ฐ ๋ํ 24,622๋ช
(์ ์ฒด์ 6.5%) ์ ๋ฐ, 2011ํ๋
๋์๋ 105๊ฐ ๋ํ์์ 37,628๋ช
(๋ชจ์ง์ธ์์ 9.9%)์ ์ ๋ฐํ ๊ณํ์.
โ ์ด๋ฐ ์ํฉ์์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋ ๋์
์ด ์ผ์ ํ๊ต๊ต์ก๊ณผ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ์๊ฒ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ ์ต์ํํ๋ฉด์ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ ํ์๊ฐ ์์.
- ์ด์ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์์๋ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋ ๋์
์ด ํ๊ต๊ต์ก์ ๋ฏธ์น ์ํฅ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด๋ จ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ ์ญํ ์ ๋ํด ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํจ.
โ
. ๋ํ์
์์ ๊ณ ๊ต์
์์์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ ํ๋์ ๊ณผ์
โ
ก. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋ ๋์
์ด ํ๊ต๊ต์ก์ ๋ฏธ์น ์ํฅ๊ณผ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ ํ์์ฑ
โ
ข. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋ ๋์
์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก ์ง์์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ ์ํ ๊ณผ์
1. ํ์๋ถ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฒ ์ ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ ์ ๊ณ
2. ํฌํธํด๋ฆฌ์ค ๋ฑ ๊ฐ์ข
์๋ฅ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฒ ์
3. ํ์๊ณผ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ์ ๋ํ ๊ต์ก ๊ฐํ
4. ์ง๋ก๊ด๋ จ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ์ฌ์ ์๋ด ๊ฐํ
5. ๊ฐ์ข
ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๋์
์ ํตํ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ฐจ๋ณํ
6. ๊ฐ์ข
์
์์ ๋ณด์ ๊ณต ๊ฐํ
7. ์งํ์ง์ ์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ
โ
ฃ. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋ ๋์
์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํ์, ํ๋ถ๋ชจ, ๊ต์ฌ ๋ฑ ๊ด๋ จ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ ์ญํ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์
1. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ ํ๋์ ๋๋นํ๋ ํ์๊ณผ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ์ ์ญํ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์
2. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ ํ๋์ ๋๋นํ๋ ๊ต์ฌ์ ์ญํ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์
3. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ ํ๋์ ๋๋นํ๋ ํ๊ต์ ์ญํ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์
4. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ ํ๋์ ๋๋นํ๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ญํ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์
โ
ค. ๋งบ๋
Research on Creation of New Jobs in Korea through Job Analysis in Advanced Countries
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
๋จผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ๊ณผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด์๋ค.
์์ธ๋ฌ ๋ฏธ๋์ฌํ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๋ณํ๋ชจ์ต์ ์ ๋งํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง์ ๊ดํ์ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค.
๊ทธ ์ค์์ ์ ๊ท๋ก ๋ํ๋ ์ง์
์ ๊ดํ์ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ฌ์ ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ตญ์๋ ์กด์ฌํ์ง๋ง ๊ตญ๋ด์๋ ์๋ ์ง์
์ ์ถ์ถํ ๋ค์ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ด์ ๋์
๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
์ ์ถ์ถํ๊ณ ์์ธํํ์๋ค.The purpose of this study is to contribute to the creation of new jobs in Korea through the analysis of jobs in various advanced countries. To achieve the goals of this study, theoretical studies on changes in occupational structures and career prospects for the future were envisioned.
Factors affecting changes in occupational structure varies, but the most important factor is the change in industrial structure due to an economic development as well as a technological development. Therefore, considering these advanced countries and their occupational structure to analyze and gauge the future occupational structure of our country is appropriate in the present.
The future occupational structure will change to extent that careers will undergo a โjob revolutionโ due to the changing social structure and new technology. The concept of a permanent or lifetime jobs no longer pertains; instead temporary jobs will increase and information technology-based employment systems, such as telecommuting will spread.
The United States Department of Labor carries out a large scale survey every two years to forecast future jobs by looking at the economic growth, industrial production, and employment and career resources over the past 10 years. According to this survey, one out of the four new jobs in the U.S. will be education and health care service sector jobs. In addition, depending on job placement and career management services, related occupations will emerge or expand. Also, depending on the spread of Internet services, Internet publishing and web portal data is expected to emerge.
Europe regards the growth in dependent population ratio ('08 26% โ '30 38% predicted) as an important task and predicts the care, treatment and services for elders to be one of the largest job-creating industries. Jobs in this sector are so called, โwhite jobs.โ
By 2020, depending on economic globalization, virtual services using robots and artificial intelligence will bring about more jobs. Jobs from the past will continue to exist but changes in jobs will require something new.
The Australian Government through the โNew Jobs 2010 Report,โ forecasted Australiaโs present and future industry and employment. Despite the recent global recess, Australia has experienced an employment growth of over 1.2 million jobs over the past five years and have created new jobs (or seen an employment growth) in almost every industry.
Through Comparison in Koreaโs and other developed countriesโ occupational structure, new jobs with potential in Korea were examined. As a representative of advanced foreign countries, the U.S. and Japan were selected to compare the details in the list of standard occupational classifications.
Japanโs standard occupation classification system had many similarities to Koreaโs, but the most distinct difference was that jobs in managing and controlling manufacturing facilities and machine assembly facilities and jobs in the assembly line were classified as two different categories. In contrast, the manufacturing and machine assembly facilities in Korea were managed and controlled by those who were already working as assembly line workers. Manufacturing workers and inspection staff exist also in Korea, but the two roles are not classified as a separate job entries.
Jobs in the United States, compared to Korea and Japan are much more diverse and subdivided. For example, financial professionals such as compliance officers, cost estimation experts, capital fundraisers, compensation/benefits and job analysis specialists, budget specialists, do not exist in Korea but do in the U.S. South Korea's occupational classification system should consider a more thorough system taking into consideration the changes in jobs. It is expected that Koreaโs new jobs will most likely be found in careers in service and related industries.
From generalizing the outcomes of standard occupation classification systems of Korea, the U.S. and Japan, refinement and specialization of duties of various jobs is expected to contribute to the creation of new ones.์์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก 1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ด์ฉ 3
์ 3์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
์ 4์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ํ 4
์ 2์ฅ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณ๋๊ณผ ์ ๋ง์ ๋ํ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5
์ 1์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ 5
1. ์ ์ยท์ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ 6
2. ์ธ๊ณ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ํตํฉ 7
3. ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ ํ๋ 8
4. ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ํฌ๋ผ์์ ์ง์ ํ ์์ธ๋ค 8
์ 2์ ๋ฏธ๋์ฌํ์ ์ง์
11
์ 3์ 21์ธ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ: ์ด์ค๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ง์ 13
1. ํ์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ 14
2. ์ฃผ๋ณ์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ 15
3. ์ง์
๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๋ณํ 16
์ 4์ ๋ฏธ๋์ง์
๊ณ ์ฉํํ์ ๋ณํ 17
1. ๊ธฐ์
๋ด๋ถ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฝํ 18
2. ๋ถ์์ ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ 18
3. ์ฌํ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ ํ๋ 19
์ 5์ ์๊ฒฐ 20
์ 3์ฅ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ 23
์ 1์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ 23
1. ๋๋ถ๋ฅ ์ง์
๋ณ ๋ณํ 23
2. ์ฑ๋ณ ๋ณํ 25
3. ์ข
์ฌ์ ์ง์๋ณ ๋ณํ 26
4. ์ฐ๋ น๋ณ ๋ณํ 27
5. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์๋์์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณํ 28
์ 2์ ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ 30
1. ๊ตญ์ ํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ 30
2. ํ๊ตญํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ 32
์ 3์ ์๊ฒฐ 34
์ 4์ฅ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง 39
์ 1์ ํธ์ฃผ 39
1. ๊ฐ์ 39
2. ์ฐ์
ยท๊ณ ์ฉ ํธ๋ ๋ 40
3. ์ก์ฑํด์ผ ํ ์ฐ์
๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ 45
์ 2์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 50
1. ๊ฐ์ 50
2. ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ง 50
3. ๊ณ ์ฉ ํธ๋ ๋ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 52
์ 3์ EU 56
1. ๊ฐ์ 56
2. ์ฃผ์ ๋ด์ฉ 57
์ 4์ ์๊ฒฐ 73
์ 5์ฅ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ฑ์ฅ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
๊ณผ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
77
์ 1์ ํ๊ตญ์์ ์์ธก๋ ๋ฏธ๋์ ์ ๋ง์ง์ข
77
1. ํ๊ตญ์ง์
์ ๋ง์์ ์์ธก 77
2. ํ๊ตญ๋
ธ๋์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์์ธก 79
3. ํ๊ตญ ์ ์ง์์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ์์ธก 80
4. ํ๊ตญ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ๋ณด์์ ์ฐจ์ธ๋ ์ง์
55๊ฐ 80
์ 2์ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ์ง์
์ ๊ดํ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 82
1. ์ง๋ฏธ์(2002)์ ์ฌํ์ ์ง๋ก์ง๋๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ๋ง์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ 82
2. ์ต์์ ์ธ(2008)์ ํด์ธ์ง์
์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ฌํ์๋น์ค ์ผ์๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถ๋ฐฉ์ 84
3. ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐํํ๊ฐ์์ ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ์ผ ์ ์ง์
๊ตฐ 87
4. ํ์๊ทผ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง(2010) 88
5. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์์์/๋
น์์ง์
๊ด๋ จ ์ ์์ง์
93
6. Peterson(2002); Sparling(2006)์ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ ์ข
์ง์
93
7. ๋ฐ์์์ด ์ ์ํ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ ์ข
์ง์
97
์ 6์ฅ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ์ง์
๋ถ์์ ํตํ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ์ง์
์ถ์ถ 99
์ 1์ ํยท๋ฏธยท์ผ ํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๋น๊ต 99
1. ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ 99
๊ฐ. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 100
๋. ์ผ๋ณธ 101
2. ๋น๊ต ๋์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 101
3. ๋น๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 102
๊ฐ. ์ผ๋ณธ์ ํน์ง 102
๋. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ํน์ง 103
๋ค. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋์ด์ ์ฌํ๋ณ๋ก ํน๋ณํ ์ง์
์ด ์กด์ฌํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ 111
์ 2์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ๋์
๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
112
1. ์ ํ๋ ์ง์
112
2. ์ง์
์ ๋ํ ์์ธํ 123
์ 7์ฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 125
์ 1์ ์์ฝ 125
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฐ์ 125
2. ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ๋ง 126
3. ๋ฏธ๋ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ๋ง 126
4. ํฅํ ์ฐฝ์ถ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ฑ ํ์ฑํ ๋ ์ง์
127
๊ฐ. ํธ์ฃผ 127
๋. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 127
๋ค. ์ ๋ฝ 129
5. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ํตํ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
๋ถ์ 130
์ 2์ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 133
์ 3์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ธ 136
SUMMARY 137
๋ถ๋ก 141
ใ๋ถ๋ก1ใ๋ธํ์ด ์กฐ์ฌ ์ค๋ฌธ 143
ใ๋ถ๋ก2ใ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
์์ธ 153
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 16
์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌํ ์คํฌ ํผ๋ธ๋ก์ธ / ๋ชจ์ง ์ผ๋ผํ ์ฆ (50/50) ์ง์ง์ฒด์์ ์๋ฅด๊ณค ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ง์ ํจ๊ณผ
Dept. of Medicine/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
์ฒ์ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ์ ํ๋์ธ ์คํฌ๋ ์ฐ์ํ ์์ฒด์ ํฉ์ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ณต๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ฃ์ด๊ณ ์์ฐ์ ๋ถํด๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ฌ์ ์ง ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ก์จ ์ง๋ฌผ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ ์์ด ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ์ ์ ํฉํ 3์ฐจ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ง์ง์ฒด๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ ํ ์ ์๋ค. ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ฌ๋ก ์ ์๋ ์ง์ง์ฒด๋ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ์ฑ๋จ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ธํฌ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ง์ ๊ต์์ง ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ฃผ ์ ์ฌํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ง์ง์ฒด์ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ํด, ์ธํฌ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ด ์ฐ์ํ๋ค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ด์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋ฅด๊ณค ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ง๋ ์ฝํ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์ธต์ ์์ ๊ณ , ๋ ๋์ ์ ์ฐฉ์ ์ํ ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ ์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ถ์์ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฒฐํฉ, ํ๋ฉด์ ์ค์ผ์ ๊ฑฐ, ํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ฉ๋๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋์ ์๋ฅด๊ณค ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ง๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์ค์บํด๋์ ํ๋ฉด๊ฐ์ง์๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋, ์คํฌ ํผ๋ธ๋ก์ธ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๋จ์ ์ ๋ณด์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ชจ์ง ์ผ๋ผํ ์ฆ๋ฅผ 50:50์ผ๋ก ์์ด ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ฌํ์ฌ 3์ฐจ์๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋๋
ธ์ฌ์ ์ ์ง์ง์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์ ํ์๋ค. ํ๋ฉด์ ์๋ฅด๊ณค ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ง๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ ํ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํจ ์ค์บํด๋๋ฅผ ์คํ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ณ ์๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ์ ์ฒ์น ํ์ง ์์ ์ค์บํด๋๋ฅผ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์ธก์ ํ์ฌ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์น์์ฑ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ฐ๊ณจ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ์ ๋ถํ์ ์ฆ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ผ์ด์ฝ์ค์๋ฏธ๋
ธ์นธ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ํ์ฌ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ป์๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง์ง์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ด์ฐฐํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์คํ๊ตฐ์์ ์ธ๊ณต์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ํํ ๋ํ ์ํตํ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์๋ค. ๋์งธ, ์คํ๊ตฐ์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋นํ์ฌ ์น์์ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ์
์งธ, ์ฐ๊ณจ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ์คํ๊ตฐ์์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๋นํ์ฌ ๋ ์ ์์ฐฉํ๊ณ ๋ ์ ์ฆ์๋์๋ค. ๋ท์งธ, ์ฐ๊ณจํ์ฑ์ ํน์ง์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ ์ ์๋ ๊ธ๋ผ์ด์ฝ์ค์๋ฏธ๋
ธ์นธ ์ญ์ ์คํ๊ตฐ์์ ๋๋ ทํ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค.
์ด๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค๋ก ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์ฌํ ์คํฌ ํผ๋ธ๋ก์ธ/๋ชจ์ง ์ผ๋ผํ ์ฆ ์ง์ง์ฒด๋ฅผ ์๋ฅด๊ณค ํ๋ผ์ฆ๋ง๋ก ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ ์ฐ๊ณจ์ธํฌ์ ์ฆ์๊ณผ ๋ถํ์ ๋ ์ข์ ์ํฅ์ ์ค์ด ํ์ธ๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ถํ ์ฐ๊ณจ ์กฐ์ง ๊ณตํ์ ์ ์ฉํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค
[์๋ฌธ]
Silk fibroin (SF) is a naturally occurring degradable fibrous protein with unique mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and processability. It has demonstrated strong potential for skeletal tissue engineering. Recent studies have mostly focused on nanofibrous SF (NSF) as a novel chondrogenic scaffold since its structure is very similar to collagen fibrous structure derived from natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, less attention has been paid to the surface modification of NSF scaffold by microwave-induced argon plasma. Argon plasma has been used in many applications, such as pretreatment for plasma-induced grafting, crosslinking surface macromolecules, removal of contamination on the surface, and ablation of material from the surface to remove a weak boundary layer and increase surface roughness for better adhesion. The present study was based on the hypothesis that a treatment of 3-D silk fibroin/wool keratose scaffold (SF/WK scaffold) by microwave-induced argon plasma would improve chondrogenic cell growth and new cartilage-specific ECM formation. It was found that plasma treatment could induce an essential modification on the surface of electrospun SF/WK scaffold. After argon plasma treatment, higher hydrophilicity of SF/WK scaffold was characterized by static water contact angle. Scanning electron microscopy showed that argon plasma treated SF/WK scaffold had larger pores of size and cylindrical shape whereas non-treated SF/WK scaffold had smaller pores of size and inverted conical shaped pores. The attachment and proliferation of normal human articular chondrocytes on the surface-modified SF/WK scaffold were significantly increased with a concomitant increase in the glycosaminoglycan synthesis. These results suggest that the porous SF/WK scaffold treated with microwave-induced plasma may be effective in enhancing the cellular behavior and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes and have a further potential to be used in cartilage tissue engineering.ope
(A)Study of regulations on financial holding companies with focus on U.S. legislation
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ฒ๊ณผ๋ํ์ :๋ฒํ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ณต,2002.Docto
Research on Creation of New Jobs in Korea through Job Analysis in Advanced Countries
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
๋จผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ๊ณผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด์๋ค.
์์ธ๋ฌ ๋ฏธ๋์ฌํ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๋ณํ๋ชจ์ต์ ์ ๋งํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง์ ๊ดํ์ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค.
๊ทธ ์ค์์ ์ ๊ท๋ก ๋ํ๋ ์ง์
์ ๊ดํ์ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ ๋ค์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ฌ์ ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ตญ์๋ ์กด์ฌํ์ง๋ง ๊ตญ๋ด์๋ ์๋ ์ง์
์ ์ถ์ถํ ๋ค์ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ด์ ๋์
๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
์ ์ถ์ถํ๊ณ ์์ธํํ์๋ค.The purpose of this study is to contribute to the creation of new jobs in Korea through the analysis of jobs in various advanced countries. To achieve the goals of this study, theoretical studies on changes in occupational structures and career prospects for the future were envisioned.
Factors affecting changes in occupational structure varies, but the most important factor is the change in industrial structure due to an economic development as well as a technological development. Therefore, considering these advanced countries and their occupational structure to analyze and gauge the future occupational structure of our country is appropriate in the present.
The future occupational structure will change to extent that careers will undergo a โjob revolutionโ due to the changing social structure and new technology. The concept of a permanent or lifetime jobs no longer pertainsinstead temporary jobs will increase and information technology-based employment systems, such as telecommuting will spread.
The United States Department of Labor carries out a large scale survey every two years to forecast future jobs by looking at the economic growth, industrial production, and employment and career resources over the past 10 years. According to this survey, one out of the four new jobs in the U.S. will be education and health care service sector jobs. In addition, depending on job placement and career management services, related occupations will emerge or expand. Also, depending on the spread of Internet services, Internet publishing and web portal data is expected to emerge.
Europe regards the growth in dependent population ratio ('08 26% โ '30 38% predicted) as an important task and predicts the care, treatment and services for elders to be one of the largest job-creating industries. Jobs in this sector are so called, โwhite jobs.โ
By 2020, depending on economic globalization, virtual services using robots and artificial intelligence will bring about more jobs. Jobs from the past will continue to exist but changes in jobs will require something new.
The Australian Government through the โNew Jobs 2010 Report,โ forecasted Australiaโs present and future industry and employment. Despite the recent global recess, Australia has experienced an employment growth of over 1.2 million jobs over the past five years and have created new jobs (or seen an employment growth) in almost every industry.
Through Comparison in Koreaโs and other developed countriesโ occupational structure, new jobs with potential in Korea were examined. As a representative of advanced foreign countries, the U.S. and Japan were selected to compare the details in the list of standard occupational classifications.
Japanโs standard occupation classification system had many similarities to Koreaโs, but the most distinct difference was that jobs in managing and controlling manufacturing facilities and machine assembly facilities and jobs in the assembly line were classified as two different categories. In contrast, the manufacturing and machine assembly facilities in Korea were managed and controlled by those who were already working as assembly line workers. Manufacturing workers and inspection staff exist also in Korea, but the two roles are not classified as a separate job entries.
Jobs in the United States, compared to Korea and Japan are much more diverse and subdivided. For example, financial professionals such as compliance officers, cost estimation experts, capital fundraisers, compensation/benefits and job analysis specialists, budget specialists, do not exist in Korea but do in the U.S. South Korea's occupational classification system should consider a more thorough system taking into consideration the changes in jobs. It is expected that Koreaโs new jobs will most likely be found in careers in service and related industries.
From generalizing the outcomes of standard occupation classification systems of Korea, the U.S. and Japan, refinement and specialization of duties of various jobs is expected to contribute to the creation of new ones.์์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก 1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ด์ฉ 3
์ 3์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
์ 4์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ํ 4
์ 2์ฅ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณ๋๊ณผ ์ ๋ง์ ๋ํ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5
์ 1์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ 5
1. ์ ์ยท์ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ 6
2. ์ธ๊ณ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ํตํฉ 7
3. ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ ํ๋ 8
4. ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ํฌ๋ผ์์ ์ง์ ํ ์์ธ๋ค 8
์ 2์ ๋ฏธ๋์ฌํ์ ์ง์
11
์ 3์ 21์ธ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ: ์ด์ค๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ง์ 13
1. ํ์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ 14
2. ์ฃผ๋ณ์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ 15
3. ์ง์
๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๋ณํ 16
์ 4์ ๋ฏธ๋์ง์
๊ณ ์ฉํํ์ ๋ณํ 17
1. ๊ธฐ์
๋ด๋ถ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฝํ 18
2. ๋ถ์์ ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ 18
3. ์ฌํ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ ํ๋ 19
์ 5์ ์๊ฒฐ 20
์ 3์ฅ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ 23
์ 1์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ 23
1. ๋๋ถ๋ฅ ์ง์
๋ณ ๋ณํ 23
2. ์ฑ๋ณ ๋ณํ 25
3. ์ข
์ฌ์ ์ง์๋ณ ๋ณํ 26
4. ์ฐ๋ น๋ณ ๋ณํ 27
5. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์๋์์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณํ 28
์ 2์ ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ 30
1. ๊ตญ์ ํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ 30
2. ํ๊ตญํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ 32
์ 3์ ์๊ฒฐ 34
์ 4์ฅ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง 39
์ 1์ ํธ์ฃผ 39
1. ๊ฐ์ 39
2. ์ฐ์
ยท๊ณ ์ฉ ํธ๋ ๋ 40
3. ์ก์ฑํด์ผ ํ ์ฐ์
๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ 45
์ 2์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 50
1. ๊ฐ์ 50
2. ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ง 50
3. ๊ณ ์ฉ ํธ๋ ๋ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 52
์ 3์ EU 56
1. ๊ฐ์ 56
2. ์ฃผ์ ๋ด์ฉ 57
์ 4์ ์๊ฒฐ 73
์ 5์ฅ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ฑ์ฅ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
๊ณผ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
77
์ 1์ ํ๊ตญ์์ ์์ธก๋ ๋ฏธ๋์ ์ ๋ง์ง์ข
77
1. ํ๊ตญ์ง์
์ ๋ง์์ ์์ธก 77
2. ํ๊ตญ๋
ธ๋์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์์ธก 79
3. ํ๊ตญ ์ ์ง์์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ์์ธก 80
4. ํ๊ตญ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ๋ณด์์ ์ฐจ์ธ๋ ์ง์
55๊ฐ 80
์ 2์ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ์ง์
์ ๊ดํ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 82
1. ์ง๋ฏธ์(2002)์ ์ฌํ์ ์ง๋ก์ง๋๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ๋ง์ง์
์ฐ๊ตฌ 82
2. ์ต์์ ์ธ(2008)์ ํด์ธ์ง์
์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ฌํ์๋น์ค ์ผ์๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถ๋ฐฉ์ 84
3. ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐํํ๊ฐ์์ ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ์ผ ์ ์ง์
๊ตฐ 87
4. ํ์๊ทผ์ ์ง์
์ ๋ง(2010) 88
5. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์์์/๋
น์์ง์
๊ด๋ จ ์ ์์ง์
93
6. Peterson(2002)Sparling(2006)์ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ ์ข
์ง์
93
7. ๋ฐ์์์ด ์ ์ํ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ ์ข
์ง์
97
์ 6์ฅ ๊ตญ๋ด์ธ ์ง์
๋ถ์์ ํตํ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ์ง์
์ถ์ถ 99
์ 1์ ํยท๋ฏธยท์ผ ํ์ค์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๋น๊ต 99
1. ์ธ๊ตญ์ ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ 99
๊ฐ. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 100
๋. ์ผ๋ณธ 101
2. ๋น๊ต ๋์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 101
3. ๋น๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 102
๊ฐ. ์ผ๋ณธ์ ํน์ง 102
๋. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ํน์ง 103
๋ค. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋์ด์ ์ฌํ๋ณ๋ก ํน๋ณํ ์ง์
์ด ์กด์ฌํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ 111
์ 2์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ๋์
๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
112
1. ์ ํ๋ ์ง์
112
2. ์ง์
์ ๋ํ ์์ธํ 123
์ 7์ฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 125
์ 1์ ์์ฝ 125
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฐ์ 125
2. ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ๋ง 126
3. ๋ฏธ๋ ์ง์
๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ๋ง 126
4. ํฅํ ์ฐฝ์ถ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ฑ ํ์ฑํ ๋ ์ง์
127
๊ฐ. ํธ์ฃผ 127
๋. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 127
๋ค. ์ ๋ฝ 129
5. ์ง์
๋ถ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ํตํ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ง์
๋ถ์ 130
์ 2์ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 133
์ 3์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ธ 136
SUMMARY 137
๋ถ๋ก 141
ใ๋ถ๋ก1ใ๋ธํ์ด ์กฐ์ฌ ์ค๋ฌธ 143
ใ๋ถ๋ก2ใ์ ๊ท์ฐฝ์ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ง์
์์ธ 153
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 16
[ํ์ฅ๋ํฅ] ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก ๋ฐ ์๋ด
์ ๋ถ๋ 1999๋
2์ 21์ผ โ๊ต์ก๋ถ(ํ ๊ต์ก์ธ์ ์์๋ถ) ์๊ด ๊ธฐ๊ด ์์ ๋ฐ ๋ด๋ถ ์์ ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ท์ โ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ ์ง๋ก์๋ด๊ต์ก์ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ ์ด์ํ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ง๋ก์๋ด ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก ์
๋ฌด๋ ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ต์ก์์น๋จ์ฒด์ฅ์ ๊ณ ์ ์
๋ฌด๊ฐ ๋์ด ์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ณผํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์(์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ)๊ณผ ๊ณต๋์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ก์๋ด ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก์ ๊ดํ ์์ฑ
๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํผ์น๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด์์๋ ์ง๋ก์๋ด ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ๋์์ ธ ๋ค์ํ ์๋๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์์๋ ์ต๊ทผ ์ง๋ก์๋ด ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก๊ด๋ จ ์์ฑ
์ฌ์
๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ํฅ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ ๋ฆฌํ์๋ค
A Study on Career Education Support Systems in Schools with Considerations for the Introduction of Admissions Officers
The purpose of this study is establishment of support system of career education due to South korea's admission of the college admissions officers.
In korea, admission of the college admissions officers started in 2009 and there must be many changes occurred in school education.
So it is necessary to establish the support system for these changes especially in career education. Because in college entrance examination process by the college admissions officer system, career education is most important.
To establish the purpose various methods was adopted such as review of related literature, review, advisory meeting of related professionals, school visits, attending related meetings, attended, delphi survey of 20 professionals, and a survey of teachers (181 schools 865 people) was conducted.
1. Summary
The major findings were summarized as followsIn recent years, admission of the college admissions officer made many changes in school.
First, students got interest in establishing self-identity for preparing essay and academic plan, career enhancing portfolio construction such as club activities and volunteer activities.
Second, teachers made a lot of effort to improve the reliability of student record
And educate more on the student's life (supporting) data (individual portfolio) management.
Third, parents interested in school education. Because school will be made more emphasis in finding student's aptitude and systematic management.
Fourth, school made new efforts such as new curriculum management(for example, essay / discussion education, english language courses), after school activities,
Organization of special activities in school, new counseling system, various efforts in fieldwork, enforcement in delivery of related informations, and strengthening volunteer activities.
So there must be made systematic system for good response of school in response to the introduction of an Admission Officer(AO).
This report refund 162 tasks in 7 major fields(students record, students portfolio, students and parents recognition, career-related psychological testing and counseling, career program management, information provision to admission officer, and education support system for teachers).
865 teachers of 181 schools evaluated these challenges relatively important.
Among 162 tasks, โณenhancement of reliability in student record โณensure of internal stability of student record โณ diversification of elements and contents of student record โณ draw concrete roadmap to achieve goals โณ parents and children's joint participation in psychological tests and counselling โณprovision of occupational information โณ psychological testing and analysis โณ continuous observation and accumulated record โณ explanation of specific goal setting case โณ provision of career exploration opportunities โณ strengthening of information disclosure information disclosure โณ provision of school counseling with professor and admission officers โณ a detailed analysis on admission officer system โณ reinforcement of content in student record โณ measures according to decrease in sat subjects โณ recognization of teachers toward new entrance system โณ activation of support group for school were highly appreciated.
2. Suggestions
University/college entrance route by using admission officer may be further expanded from in 2011. Especially this system may be expand to community college, foreign language high school and science high school
But there were not full objective data of student in aptitude and potential related aspects and good support systems.
So there must be made new career supported system which include โณexploration of aptitude and interests of students โณaccumulated record of personal characteristics, career goals, and job activities โณsystematic support of student's life design โณsystematic operation of career portfolio based on professional experiences, various careers and educational activities based on the design.
For the successful establishment of admission officer system some measures were suggested as followsFirst, at schools career education for students future design will be important. Above all, students identify their characteristics and make their own career goals and course design.
Second, the most important thing in admission officers system is to find the records of a students in applied major field especially in non subject. So student's record in non subject field such as club activities must be emphasized from elementary schools.
Third, most of student's record in non subject fields (club activities, volunteer activitiesm reading etc.) must be related to career goals and career design. It is meaningless if club activities and volunteer activities do not connect o career goals and career design.
Fourth, there must be dramatic changes in teacher's recognition and attitudes toward admission officer system. The most important element in ao entrance system is student's record which was fully recorded by teachers. So if a teacher does not recognize the importance of record of students record and does not record anything the student may get damages.
Fifth, there must more concrete support system for teachers and students in university/college entrance by using ao system. The national and provincial system must be made for enhanced training for teachers professional growth. And there must be teachers concrete linking system for mutual cooperation in preparing in entrance by ao system.์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋์ ๋์
์ดํ ํ๊ต ํ์ฅ์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๋ณํ๋ โณํฌํธํด๋ฆฌ์ค ์์ฑ โณํฌํธํด๋ฆฌ์ค์ ๊ด๋ จํ ํ์๋ณ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ ๋ณด ์์งใ๊ตฌ์ถ โณํน๋ณ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ค์ด์์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก ์ ๋ฐ์์์ ๋ณํ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ท๋ฐ์นจํ๋ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ์์์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค.
์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ์
์์์ ์ ์๋ชจ์ง๋ณด๋ค ์์๋ชจ์ง์ด ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๋ง์์ง๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์๋ชจ์ง์์๋ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋๊ฐ ๋์ฑ ๋ง์ด ๋์
๋ ์ ๋ง์ด๋ค. ๋๊ตฌ๋ ํน์๋ชฉ์ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต์ ์ ๋ฌธ๋ํ์์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋์
๋ ๊ณํ์ด๋ค. ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ํต์ฌ์ ํ์๋ถ์ ๋น๊ต์ ์์ญ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋๋นํ๋ ค๋ฉด ํ๊ต์ ์งํ ์ง๋ก์ง๋, ์ง๋ก ๋ฐ ์งํ์๋ดํ๋, ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ์ฌ, ๊ณ์ด์ ํ์ง๋, ํ๋ถ๋ชจ ํ์, ๊ฐ์ฐํ, ์
์์ค๋ช
ํ, ์ง๋ก ์ง์
ํ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ, ์ฒดํ์์ฃผ์ ์ง๋ก ๊ต์ก, ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก ์ค๊ณ ํ๋, ์ง๋ก์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต ๋ฑ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด ์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ฐ๊ธ ํ๊ต์์ ์ง๋ก์ง๋ ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์งํ์์ฃผ๋ก ์ด์๋์ด ์๋ค. ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ์ฌ๊น์ง ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ์ทจ์ง์ ๋ง๋ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ง ์๊ณ ์๋ค.
์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก ์ง์์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ '์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ๊ต๊ต์ก์ด ์ ์ ์ํ๋๋ก ๋์์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ ๋์ ์ฅ์น์ ๋ง๋ จ'์ ์๋ฏธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ์ฌ 7๊ฐ ๋์์ญ(ํ์๋ถ ๊ธฐ๋ก, ํฌํธํด๋ฆฌ์ค์์ฑ, ํ์๊ณผ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ์ ์ธ์์ ์ํ ๊ต์ก, ์ง๋ก๊ด๋ จ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ์ฌ์ ์๋ด, ์ง๋กํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ด์, ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ณด์ ๊ณต, ์งํ์ง์๋จ ๋ฑ ๊ต์ฌ๊ต์ก ๊ด๋ จ)์ 43๊ฐ ์ค๊ฐ ์์ญ, 162๊ฐ์ ํ์ ์์ญ์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ์๋ค.
์ ๋ถ์์๋ ํ์ใํ๋ถ๋ชจใํ๊ต์ ํผ๋์ ์ต์ํ ์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก์, ์ผ๊ด์ฑ ์๋ ์ง๋ก์ง๋ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ์ฌ ๋ณด๊ธํ์ฌ์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ค์ํ ํ๋ ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ต์ฌ ์ฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ง์๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ง๋ จํ์ฌ์ผ ํ๋ค. ๋ํ ํ์๋ค์ด ์์ ์ ์คํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ์๋ด๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ ์์คํ
์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ , ํ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ ๋ฑ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์๊ตฌ๋๋ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ
์ ์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก 1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 4
์ 3์ ์ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ 9
์ 4์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ํ 10
์ 2์ฅ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ์ถ์ง๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์์์ 13
์ 1์ ๋ํ์
์ ์์จํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์์ 13
์ 2์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ์์์ ์ถ์ง๊ณผ์ 18
์ 3์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ์ฃผ์ ์์ 25
์ 3์ฅ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋ 29
์ 1์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ํ์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ฌ๋ก 29
์ 2์ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ํ์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋ ์ด์ ์ฌ๋ก 36
์ 4์ฅ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋์
๊ณผ ํ๊ต์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ ์ฃผ๋ ์ํฅ 41
์ 1์ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์ ์ค์ ์ด์ ์คํ์ ํ๊ต๊ต์ก์ ์ฃผ๋ ์ํฅ 41
์ 2์ ํ๊ต์ ๋์ 48
์ 3์ ํ๊ต์ง๋ก๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์ง์์ฒด์ ์ ํํฉ 50
์ 4์ ํ๊ต ์ง๋ก์ง๋ ์ํฉ์ ๋ํ ๊ต์ฌ ํ์ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ์ ๊ฒฌํด 59
์ 5์ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ์๋ด๊ต์ฌ ํ์ฉ์ ๋ 69
์ 5์ฅ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋์์ ๋น๊ต๊ณผ ์์ญ์ ํ์ฉ์ฆ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ 71
์ 1์ ๋น๊ต๊ณผ ์์ญ์ ์ค์์ฑ 71
์ 2์ ๋น๊ต๊ณผ ์์ญ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ 78
์ 6์ฅ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ ๋ ๋์
์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํ๊ต ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ 97
์ 1์ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ์ ๊ฐ๋
๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ 97
์ 2์ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ์๊ตฌ๋ถ์ 100
์ 3์ ์ง๋ก๊ต์ก์ง์์ฒด์ ๊ตฌ์ถ๋ฐฉ์ 141
์ 7์ฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 171
SUMMARY 179
<๋ถ๋ก 1> ์ฃผ์๋ํ 2010ํ๋
๋ ์
ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด ์ ํ 187
<๋ถ๋ก 2> ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ๋ธํ์ด 1์ฐจ ์ง๋ฌธ์ง 191
<๋ถ๋ก 3> ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ๋ธํ์ด 2์ฐจ ์ง๋ฌธ์ง 195
<๋ถ๋ก 4> ๊ต์ฌ ๋์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ง 203
<๋ถ๋ก 5> ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ํ๊ต์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ถ ๊ธฐ์ฌ ์์ 212
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 21