243 research outputs found
A Discourse Analysis on the UK News Media in Reshaping the Britishness of Britons (2016 and 2020)
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ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ตญ์ ๋ํ์ ๊ตญ์ ํ๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ ์ง์ญํ์ ๊ณต), 2020. 8. ์๊ธฐ์.On June 23rd 2016, the UK held a referendum on its withdrawal from the European Union. News media were extremely active in using the term Brexit to illustrate Britains firm decision to leave the Union. Nevertheless, the term itself was publicly first used in 2012 by David Cameron, when he made a decision to open the referendum for the first time. Consequently, Brexit was quickly used in international media as an identification of the British people and the country. Domestically, traditional newspapers (also known as broadsheet newspapers) and tabloids take advantage of the term to exploit its readers to the Brexit issue. Through investigating the political and nationalistic critical discourse analysis of the right and left wing broadsheet newspapers and tabloids (Guardian & The Daily Mirror, The Sun & The Daily Mail), it searches if these media outlets have used discussions of identity to be able to shift the course of identity of its readers between the years of 2016 and 2020.2 Introduction 1
2.1 Background Information 1
2.2 Quantitative Data 5
2.3 Research Purpose 19
2.4 Research Material 19
3 Literature Review 21
3.1 The Tories and the Labour Party on Brexit 21
3.2 The Rise of Euroscepticism 24
3.3 Post-Brexit relationship between UK and EU 27
3.4 Britishness or Englishness 29
3.4.1 Social Identity Theories 29
3.4.1.1 Understanding Britain's dilemma 33
3.4.2 Britain's sense of place 36
3.5 Media Culture: British Newspapers and Tabloids 38
4 Methodology 41
4.1.1 Discourse Analysis 41
4.1.1.1 Critical Discourse Analysis 41
4.1.1.2 Media Discourse 45
5 Results 49
5.1 Discourse Analysis 49
5.1.1 The Labour Party (The Guardian) 2016 49
5.1.2 The Labour Party (The Daily Mirror) 2016 65
5.1.3 The Tories (The Sun) 2016 71
5.1.4 The Tories (The Daily Mail) 2016 83
5.1.5 The Labour Party (The Guardian) 2020 96
5.1.6 The Labour Party (The Daily Mirror) 2020 102
5.1.7 The Tories (The Sun) 2020 108
5.1.8 The Tories (The Daily Mail) 2020 115
6 Discourse Analysis on British Identity 123
6.1 Political and Nationalistic discourse for the Labour Party 2016 123
6.1.1 The Guardian 2016 123
6.1.2 The Daily Mirror 2016 125
6.2 Political and Nationalistic discourse for the Labour Party 2020 128
6.2.1 The Guardian 2020 128
6.2.2 The Daily Mirror 2020 129
6.3 Political and Nationalistic discourse for the Tories 2016 131
6.3.1 The Sun 2016 131
6.3.2 The Daily Mail 2016 132
6.4 Political and Nationalistic discourse for the The Sun & The Daily Mail 2020 134
7 Conclusion 137
7.1 Limitations of Research 139
8 Bibliography 138Maste
LU-SGS ์์น๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฉํ OpenFOAM ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์์ถ์ฑ ์ฝ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ์ฆ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ธฐ๊ณํญ๊ณต๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2014. 2. ๊น๊ทํ.๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์คํ์์ค(Open source)๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ฐ์ ์ฒด์ญํ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ธ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM)์ LU-SGS(Lower Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel) ์์น๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฉํ ์์ถ์ฑ์ฝ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ด์ ๋ํ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ ์ํํ์๋ค.
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋น์์ถ์ฑ์ ๋ ํด์์ ์ํด ์๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM)์ ์ง๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์์ ๋ฐ๋๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์ง๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์์ผ๋ก ์์ ํ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM)์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์๋ Explicit ์๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ LU-SGS ์์น๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฉํ Implicit ์๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ํ์ฌ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM)์์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์ง ์์ ํน์ฑ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๋ฐฉ์ ์์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ง(Riemann)๊ฒฝ๊ณ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ถ๊ฐํ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM)์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฒฝํจ์(Wall function) ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ Library ์ ๋ํ ์์ ์ ์ํํ์๋ค.
๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์ฝ๋๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ๋๊ฒ์ฆ ์ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ฆ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ ์ ํ์ฌ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ ์ํํ์๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM) ํด์์์ ๋น๊ตํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์ฝ๋์ ํ์ฉ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ด์ฉ์ค์ธ ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฐํด์์ ์ํํ์๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋์คํ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํฅํ ์ํํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค.1. ์๋ก 10
1.1 ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10
1.2 ์คํํผ(OpenFOAM) ์ด๋ 13
1.3 ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉํ 14
2. OpenFOAM Standard Solvers 16
2.1 ๋น์์ถ์ฑ(Incompressible) ์ ๋ 16
2.1.1 ์ํ์ค๋ฆฐ๋ ์ฃผ์์ ๋ณธ ์นด๋ฅด๋ง ์๋ฅ์ ์ ์ฐํด์ 16
2.1.2 ํด์์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์กฐ๊ฑด 17
2.1.3 ์ฝ๋๊ฒ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ 18
2.1.3.1 ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ 18
2.1.3.2 Time Resolution Study 19
2.1.3.3 Grid Resolution Study 21
2.1.4 ์คํ๊ฐ๊ณผ์ ๊ฒ์ฆ 23
2.2 ์์ถ์ฑ(Compressible) ์ ๋ 24
2.2.1 2์ฐจ์ ์๊ธฐ(Wedge) ๊ฒฝ์ฌ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ ํด์ 24
2.2.2 ํด์์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ ์ฐํด์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 24
3. Code Development and Validation 26
3.1 Density Based Solver 27
3.1.1 ๋ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ณด์กดํ ์ง๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์ 27
3.1.2 Oblique shock on a 2D wedge at Mach 2.5 28
3.2 Implicit Time Integration (LU-SGS) 30
3.2.1 Time Integration 30
3.2.2 Implicit LU-SGS 32
3.2.3 Transonic flow over a Bump in a channel 34
3.3 Characteristic Boundary Condition (Riemann Invariant) 35
3.3.1 Riemann Invariant 35
3.4 Turbulence model validation 40
3.4.1 RAE-2822 Transonic Airfoil 40
3.5 Automatic Wall Function 42
3.5.1 Wall treatment for a turbulence model 42
3.5.2 k-omega SST Model 43
3.5.3 Flat plate turbulent boundary layer 44
4. Applications 48
4.1 Shock Boundary Layer Interaction 48
4.1.1 ํด์์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์กฐ๊ฑด 48
4.1.2 ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ-๊ฒฝ๊ณ์ธต ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ์ ๋ํ์ 49
4.1.3 ์ ์ฐํด์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50
4.2 Flat Plate 55
4.2.1 ํด์์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์กฐ๊ฑด 55
4.2.2 ์ ์ฐํด์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 57
4.3 Aircraft-1 60
4.3.1 ํด์์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์กฐ๊ฑด 60
4.3.2 ์ ์ฐํด์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 61
5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 64
6. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 67Maste
Geographic Variations and the Associated Factors in Adherence to and Persistence with Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy for the Privately Insured women Aged 18-64 with Breast Cancer in Texas
The purpose of this study is to examine the geographical patterns of adjuvant hormonal therapy adherence and persistence and the associated factors in insured Texan women aged 18โ64 with early breast cancer. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 5-year claims data for the population insured by the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas (BCBSTX). Women diagnosed with early breast cancer who were taking tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for adjuvant hormonal therapy with at least one prescription claim were identified. Adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy and persistence with adjuvant hormonal therapy were calculated as outcome measures. Women without a gap between two consecutively dispensed prescriptions of at least 90 days were considered to be persistently taking the medications. Patient-level multivariate logistic regression models with repeated regional-level adjustments and a Cox proportional hazards model with mixed effects were used to determine the geographical variations and patient-, provider-, and area-level factors that were associated with adjuvant hormonal therapy adherence and persistence. Of the 938 women in the cohort, 627 (66.8%) initiated adjuvant hormonal therapy. Most of the smaller HRRs have significantly higher or lower rates of treatment adherence and persistence rates relative to the median regions. The use of AHT varies substantially from one geographical area to another, especially for adherence, with an approximately two-fold difference between the lowest and highest areas, and area-level factors were found to be significantly associated with the compliance of AHT. There are geographical variations in AHT adherence and persistence in Texas. Patient-level and area-level factors have significant associations explaining these patterns. ยฉ 2023 by the authors.ope
Modeling of Spray-Wall Impingement and Fuel Film for Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engines
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ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๊ณํญ๊ณต๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2017. 8. ๋ฏผ๊ฒฝ๋.Since the amount of emitted CO2 is directly related to car fuel economy, the attention is being drawn to DISI engine which has better fuel economy than conventional gasoline engine. Cooling effect, high volumetric efficiency and high compression ratio are main advantage of the DISI engine. However, the fact that increased inhomogeneity of air-fuel mixture and fuel film on the wall due to spray impingement during cold start make particulate matter(PM) come to the fore. Conducting experiment with large numbers of engine geometries and injection strategies are time consuming methods and expensive to proceed. Thus, reliable simulation model should be developed to reduce the cost for engine development.
For accurate prediction of PM emission, the behavior of the spray and fuel film after spray-wall impingement needs to be predicted correctly. Thus, accurate spray model and film model are prerequisite. The existing models, however, are found to have relatively large error when compared with the experimental results. The rebound spray height is over-estimated while the area of the fuel film is under-estimated. The reasons for such disagreement between the simulation results and the experimental results are the assumptions used in the previous models. The previous models only considered the low speed collision condition such as diesel engine which has relatively short penetration length due to its injection pressure. Therefore, the dissipation energy can be successfully calculated from weber number and surface tension energy. However, the high-speed collision occurs in DISI engine. The droplet kinetic energy is too large to reduce meaningful amount by weber number and surface energy. Thus, in modified model, the amount of dissipation energy is determined within specific range. As a result, it was possible to reduce the number of model constants. To consider 2-D spray-wall impingement phenomenon more accurately, the number of child parcels derived from the parent parcel is increased from two to four. Increasing the number of child parcels, it is possible to consider the normal and tangential momentum component.
Finally, the modified model is validated with experiments. The Mie-scattering images of iso-octane spray near wall were acquired at various temperature and injection pressure to measure rebound spray radius and height. Compared to the existing models, the modified model shows the best agreement with the experimental results without case-dependent changes to the model constant.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Previous Research 7
1.2.1 Bai Model 7
1.2.2 Bai Renewal Model 11
1.2.3 Kim Model 12
1.3 Objective 14
Chapter 2. Wall Impingement Model 15
2.1 Regime Transition Criteria 15
2.1.1 Dry Wall 16
2.1.2 Wetted Wall 17
2.2 Impingement Modeling 19
2.2.1 Adhesion 19
2.2.2 Rebound 20
2.2.3 Splash 21
2.3 Film Modeling 26
2.3.1 Mass Continuity 26
2.3.2 Momentum Continuity 28
2.3.3 Energy Continuity 32
2.3.4 Film Movement Criterion 34
Chapter 3. Experimental Setup 37
3.1 Injector and Vessel Specification 38
3.2 Hydraulic Properties 39
3.3 Optical Diagnostics 41
Chapter 4. Simulation Setup 45
4.1 Computational Domain 45
4.2 Model Description 47
Chapter 5. Experiments and Simulation Results 48
5.1 Wall Impingement Model 48
5.2 Wall Film Model 55
Chapter 6. Conclusions 57
References 60
๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์ด ๋ก 64Maste
A Study on Stadardization of Ice Mechanics Experimental Techniques with a Cold Room
The cold room is an essential part of the laboratory facilities for ice research and cold regions engineering. The experiment with a cold room includes various tests of materials at low temperature, whose range is often encountered in the Arctic. As a non-arctic country, the first Korean cold room facility for ice mechanics experiments was assembled in 2004. Since then, the 4 m x 6 m cold room facility has been extensively used under various different environmental and loading conditions. After reviewing published references on cold room testing methods and also by trial and error, the standard procedures for testing and preparing laboratory ice material were established for the measurement of basic ice properties. Laboratory-grown fresh water ice was used in the cold room, especially for unconfined compressive strength tests. Preparation techniques and dimension of the specimen are the most important issues arising in cold room tests. The details of specimen preparation, testing procedure and analysis of the strength test results are discussed.โ
. ์๋ก = 1
โ
ก. ์ผ์์ ์ญํ์ ํน์ฑ = 4
2.1. ์ผ์์ ์์ฑ๊ณผ์ = 4
2.1.1. ๋ด์๋น = 4
2.1.2. ํด๋น = 5
2.2. ์ผ์์ ์ฌ๋ฃํน์ฑ = 6
2.3. ์ผ์์ ๊ฐ๋ = 10
2.3.1์ํ ์์ถ๊ฐ๋(RingTensileStrength) = 10
2.3.2์ธ์ฅ๊ฐ๋(DirectTensileStrength) = 11
2.3.3๊ตฝํ๊ฐ๋(FlexuralStrength) = 11
2.3.4์์ถ๊ฐ๋(CompressiveStrength) = 12
โ
ข. Cold Room์ ์ด์ฉํ ๋ด์๋น ์คํ = 13
3.1. Cold Room ์คํ์ค๋น์ ์ ์๊ณผ ํน์ง = 13
3.2. ์ํธ์ ์๊ณผ ์คํ์ค๋น = 15
3.2.1. ์ํธ์น์๊ฒฐ์ = 19
3.2.2. ์ํธ์ ์๊ณผ์ = 20
3.2.3. ์คํ์ค๋น = 23
โ
ฃ. ์คํ๊ธฐ๋ฒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ = 25
4.1. ๋ด์๋น 1์ถ ์์ถ์ํ = 25
4.1.1. ์คํ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ = 29
4.1.2. ์คํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ = 30
4.2. ๋น์ญํ ํ์ค ์คํ๊ธฐ๋ฒ = 41
4.2.1. 1์ถ ์์ถ์ํ์ฉ ์ํธ์ ์ = 41
4.2.2. ์คํ ์งํ์ ์ฐจ = 42
โ
ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก = 44
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ = 4
OpenCL์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋๋ฐ ์ฉ์ด์ฑ ํฅ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ ๊ธฐยท์ปดํจํฐ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2016. 2. ์ด์ฌ์ง.OpenCL is one of the major programming models for heterogeneous systems. This thesis presents two limitations of OpenCL, the complicated nature of programming in OpenCL and the lack of support for a heterogeneous cluster, and proposes a solution for each of them for ease of programming.
The first limitation is that it is complicated to write a program using OpenCL. In order to lower this programming complexity, this thesis proposes a framework that translates a program written in a high-level language (OpenMP) to OpenCL at the source level. This thesis achieves both ease of programming and high performance by employing two techniquesdata transfer minimization (DTM) and performance portability enhancement (PPE). This thesis shows the effectiveness of the proposed translation framework by evaluating benchmark applications and the practicality by comparing it with the commercial PGI compiler.
The second limitation of OpenCL is the lack of support for a heterogeneous cluster. In order to extend OpenCL to a heterogeneous cluster, this thesis proposes a framework called SnuCL-D that is able to execute a program written only in OpenCL on a heterogeneous cluster. Unlike previous approaches that apply a centralized approach, the proposed framework applies a decentralized approach, which gives a chance to reduce three kinds of overhead occurring in the execution path of commands.
With the ability to analyze and reduce three kinds of overhead, the proposed framework shows good scalability for a large-scale cluster system. The proposed framework proves its effectiveness and practicality by compared to the representative centralized approach (SnuCL) and MPI with benchmark applications.
This thesis proposes solutions for the two limitations of OpenCL for ease of programming on heterogeneous clusters. It is expected that application developers will be able to easily execute not only an OpenMP program on various accelerators but also a program written only in OpenCL on a heterogeneous cluster.Chapter I. Introduction 1
I.1 Motivation and Objectives 5
I.1.1 Programming Complexity 5
I.1.2 Lack of Support for a Heterogeneous Cluster 8
I.2 Contributions 12
Chapter II. Background and Related Work 15
II.1 Background 15
II.1.1 OpenCL 16
II.1.2 OpenMP 23
II.2 Related Work 26
II.2.1 Programming Complexity 26
II.2.2 Support for a Heterogeneous Cluster 29
Chapter III. Lowering the Programming Complexity 34
III.1 Motivating Example 35
III.1.1 Device Constructs 35
III.1.2 Needs for Data Transfer Optimization 41
III.2 Mapping OpenMP to OpenCL 44
III.2.1 Architecture Model 44
III.2.2 Execution Model 45
III.3 Code Translation 46
III.3.1 Translation Process 46
III.3.2 Translating OpenMP to OpenCL 48
III.3.3 Example of Code Translation 50
III.3.4 Data Transfer Minimization (DTM) 62
III.3.5 Performance Portability Enhancement (PPE) 66
III.4 Performance Evaluation 69
III.4.1 Evaluation Methodology 70
III.4.2 Effectiveness of Optimization Techniques 74
III.4.3 Comparison with Other Implementations 79
Chapter IV. Support for a Heterogeneous Cluster 90
IV.1 Problems of Previous Approaches 90
IV.2 The Approach of SnuCL-D 91
IV.2.1 Overhead Analysis 93
IV.2.2 Remote Device Virtualization 94
IV.2.3 Redundant Computation and Data Replication 95
IV.2.4 Memory-read Commands 97
IV.3 Consistency Management 98
IV.4 Deterministic Command Scheduling 100
IV.5 New API Function: clAttachBufferToDevice() 103
IV.6 Queueing Optimization 104
IV.7 Performance Evaluation 105
IV.7.1 Evaluation Methodology 105
IV.7.2 Evaluation with a Microbenchmark 109
IV.7.3 Evaluation on the Large-scale CPU Cluster 111
IV.7.4 Evaluation on the Medium-scale GPU Cluster 123
Chapter V. Conclusion and Future Work 125
Bibliography 129
Korean Abstract 140Docto
์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๊ด Xํ ์ ํฉ๋ถ์ ๋ํ ์คํ ๋ฐ ํด์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ๊ฑด์ถํ๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ด์ฒ ํธ.์ต๊ทผ ๊ฑด์ถ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ํด์๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์๋ ์ ์ฉ๋๋ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ๊ณผ ํธ๋ฌ์ค๋ก ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ค์์ ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ ์๊ณผ ์ฉ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋จํ์ฌ ์ํ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๋์ฒดํ๋ ๋จ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก ํ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ฉด ์ค๊ณ๋ถํฐ ์ ์, ์ด๋ฐ, ์๊ณต๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ๋ฏธํ์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ์ ์ทจํ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ๋ ๋ฐ ์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ด๋ํ ๊ธฐ์ค์ธ ์ ๋ก์ฝ๋์์์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๊ด ์ ํฉ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ ํ ๋์๋ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ํญ๋ณต๊ฐ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ 0.8 ๋๋ 0.9์ ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ์๊ณ์๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ๋๋ก ์ ํํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ ๋ก์ฝ๋์์ ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ์๊ณ์์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ ๊ฒ์ฆํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๊ด Xํ ์ ํฉ๋ถ์ ์์ถ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํ๋ ์คํ์ ๊ณํํ์๋ค. ์คํ๋ณ์๋ 2๊ฐ์ง๋ก ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ํญ๋ณต๊ฐ๋(fy)์ ์ง๊ด๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด ์ฌ์ด์ ํญ ๋น์จ(ฮฒ)์ด๋ค. ์ด 6๊ฐ์ ์คํ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์คํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ํฉ๋ถ์ ํ์ฑ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ดํ ๊ฑฐ๋์ ์ง๊ด๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ํญ ๋น์จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์ฅํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ์คํ์ฒด๊ฐ ์ ๋ก์ฝ๋ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณผํ๋ ์คํ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐํ๋ ์คํ๊ฐ๋๋ค์ 0.8์ ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ์๊ณ์๊ฐ ์ ์ฉ๋์ง ์์ ์ ๋ก์ฝ๋ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ๋์กฐ์ฐจ๋ ์ํํ์๋ค. ํํธ, ์ง๊ด๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ํญ์ด ๋์ผํ Xํ ์ ํฉ๋ถ ์คํ์ฒด์ ์ ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฃผ๊ด์ธก๋ฒฝ ์ข๊ตด๊ฐ๋์์ ์คํ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ๋ณด์์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ธกํ์๊ธฐ์ ๊ทธ ์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํด์ผํ๋ค. ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค์๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ฃผ๊ด์ธก๋ฒฝ ์ข๊ตด๊ฐ๋์์ ์ ์ํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์์ผ๋, ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ ์ํ ์์ ํตํด ์ป์ ์์ธก๊ฐ๋๋ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ ์คํ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ ํ ๋ณด์์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ฃผ๊ด์ธก๋ฒฝ ์ข๊ตด๊ฐ๋์์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ด ์์ ํ ์ข๊ตด์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ์ ๋๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์์นํด์์ ํตํด ๊ทธ ์ ํจ์ฑ์ ๊ฒ์ฆํ์๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์งํ ์คํ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ ์ํ ์๊ณผ ํํ ์ฃผ๊ด์ธก๋ฒฝ ์ข๊ตด๊ฐ๋์๋ค์ ๋น๊ตํ์๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์ ์ํ ์ธ์ฅ๋น๋ฅผ ์ ๋ก์ฝ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ข๊ตด ๊ณก์ ์ค ํ๋์ธ c๊ณก์ ์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ค๋ฉด ํ์กดํ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋์๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ผ๊ด์ฑ ์๊ณ ์ ํํ ์์ธก๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ป์ ์ ์๋ค.Applying high-strength steel to rectangular hollow section (RHS) joints can bring about many technological advantages from design to erection. However, the application of high-strength steel to RHS joints is forbidden or permitted with high-strength penalty in most representative international standards.
To examine the appropriateness of the strength reduction penalty imposed on high-strength steels, six RHS X-joint specimens fabricated from high-strength and ordinary steels were tested under axial compression. The key parameters of this experimental test included brace to chord width ratios and grade of steels. All high-strength steel specimens exhibited sufficient strength compared to the EC3 strength criteriatheir strengths were even higher than the EC3 unreduced nominal strength. Significantly different post-elastic joint behavior was observed depending upon the brace to chord width ratio and grade of steels. It was also found that the formulation of sidewall buckling strength in current EC3 is inaccurate (too conservative) and needs to be improved.
Although improved strength formula was recently suggested by Becque and Cheng (2016), it is still conservative and inaccurate to evaluate the strength of RHS X-joints fabricated from high-strength steel. A new design formula for RHS X-joint experiencing sidewall buckling was proposed in this thesis. When the new normalized plate slenderness ratio proposed in this study is used in combination with the column curve c of EC3, the accuracy and consistency in strength predictions were much improved compared to strength formulae currently available.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Research background 1
1.2. Objectives and scope 3
1.3. Outline of thesis 4
Chapter 2. Review of Design Standards and Previous Studies 7
2.1. Current design codes 7
2.1.1. Joint configuration 8
2.1.2. Range of applicability 11
2.1.3. Chord stress function 14
2.1.4. Failure modes and strength formulae 17
2.1.5. Design example of RHS X-joints per Eurocode3 25
2.2. Backgrounds of current design standards 26
2.2.1. Background of chord plastification 26
2.2.2. Theoretical model of chord sidewall buckling 30
2.2.3. Web crippling strength equation suggested in AISC (2010) 32
2.3. Previous studies 37
2.3.1. Research works about high-strength steel 37
2.3.2. Research works about chord sidewall buckling strength 38
2.3.3. Design equation suggested in Becque and Cheng (2016) 40
2.4. Database collected from previous experimental studies 45
Chapter 3. Experimental Program 49
3.1. Test program 49
3.1.1. Key testing parameters 49
3.1.2. Drawings of specimens 51
3.2. Fabrication and test setup 52
3.2.1. Fabrication of specimens 52
3.2.2. Compression test setup 55
3.3. Test results 55
3.3.1. Material test results 55
3.3.2. Test results of specimens with ฮฒ = 0.625 57
3.3.3. Test results of specimens with ฮฒ = 0.850 60
3.3.4. Test results of specimens with ฮฒ = 1.0 63
3.3.5. Load-deflection characteristics 65
3.4. Comparative analysis of RHS X-joints with ฮฒ = 1 67
3.4.1. Sidewall buckling strength equation in Eurocode3 (2005) 67
3.4.2. Web crippling strength suggested in AISC (2010) 69
3.4.3. Sidewall buckling strength equation proposed by Becque and Cheng (2016) 71
3.5. Summary 72
Chapter 4. New Design Formula for Sidewall Buckling 73
4.1. Introduction 73
4.2. Theoretical model: elastic plate buckling model 74
4.2.1. Basic assumptions 74
4.2.2. Composition of buckled shape function 76
4.2.3. Calculation of total potential energy of buckled plate 77
4.2.4. Buckling stress calculation by the energy principle 78
4.3. Validation by numerical analysis 86
4.3.1. Establishment of finite element analysis model 86
4.3.2. Validation of assumed shape function 90
4.3.3. Validation of elastic buckling strength equation 97
4.4. Proposal of new sidewall buckling strength formula 101
4.4.1. Derivation of slenderness ratio 101
4.4.2. Derivation of chord sidewall buckling strength formula 104
4.4.3. Evaluation of new joint strength formula 105
4.5. Summary 107
Chapter 5. Summary and Conclusions 109
Bibliography 113
Appendix A. MATLAB source codes to calculate buckling stress 117
Abstract (in Korean) 121Maste
The Financial Competency of Korean Consumers
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ณต์กํด์ง ๊ธ์ตํ๊ฒฝ ํ์์ ๊ธ์ต์๋น์๊ฐ ์์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก์ ์๋น์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ์ฌ,์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ์ฒ๋๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์๋น์๋ค์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์คํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์๋น์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์ธก์ ์ฒ๋๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์๋ฒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ธ๋ณ ์ ์์ ์ญ๋์ด์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ต์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํน์ฑ, ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ํน์ฑ, ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๋ง์กฑ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์ ๊ตญ 20์ธ ์ด์์ ์ฑ์ธ์๋น์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1,045๋ช
์ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง๊ฐ ์ต์ข
๋ถ์์ ์ด์ฉ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.์ฒซ์งธ, ์๋น์๋ค์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์คํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์ด์ ์ 100์ ๋ง์ ์ ํ๊ท 63.14์ ์ ๋ํ๋ด์ด ์ ์กฐํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐ๋์๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ธ๋ณ๋ก๋ ์ง์์ญ๋ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ์ค์ฒ์ ์ญ๋์ ๋ถ์กฑ์ด ์
์ฆ๋์๊ณ , ํ์์์ญ๋ณ๋ก๋ ์์
๊ณผ ์ง์ถ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ ์์ญ์ ์ญ๋ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์๊ณ ๋
ธํ์ค๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ํ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ญ๋์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์๋ค.๋์งธ, ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์์ค ๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋จ์ฑ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ์ฐ๋ น์ด ๋์์๋ก, ์ง์
์ด ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ํ๋ ฅ์ด ๋์์๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ธ๋ณ ์ญ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฐ ์ญ๋์ด์ ์ด ๋์์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง์ญ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์๋ ํ๋๋ ์ง์ ๋ฑ ์ธ์ง์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ ์ญ๋์ ์์ธ ์ธ ์๋๊ถ๊ณผ ์ค์๋์/์๋ฉด๋ถ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ๋ ์ฐ์ํ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ธ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋์ ์์ธ์์ ๊ด์ญ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์๋ค์ด ๋ ์ฐ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ ์๋ก ์๋ฐ๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ณด์๋ค.์
์งธ, ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์์ค ๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ํ๋น ์์ค์ด ๋์์๋ก, ์ ์ถํฌ์๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ํ ์๋ก, ์ ์ถ์ฑํฅ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์ถฉ์กฑ์ํฌ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ํ๋, ์ง์, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๋์์ง๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ์ต์์ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ๋์ฐ์ด ๋ง์์๋ก, ์๋ ๋ฐ ์ํ๋น ๋๋น ๊ธ์ต์์ฐ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์ถฉ์กฑ์ํค๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๊ธ์ต์์ฐ ๋๋น ์ด๋ถ์ฑ์ก์๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์ถฉ์กฑ์ํค๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํฌ์์ฑํฅ์งํ์ ์ ๋์ฑ์งํ๋ฅผ ๋ง์กฑ์ํค๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋์ด ์ฐ์ํ์๋ค.๋ท์งธ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์๋น์๋ค์ ์ํ์์ค ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ๋ง์กฑ๋๋ ์ค~ํ ์์ค์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ง์กฑ๋ ์ ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์์ค์๋ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์ด์ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ?์ฃผ๊ด์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ํน์ฑ์ด ๋ ๋์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์์ค๋ ๋ ์ฐ์ํ์๋ค.๋ค์ฏ์งธ, ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๋ง์กฑ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋์ ์ดํด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ, ์๋น์์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ๋ณต์ง์ ๊ฐ์ฅ๊ธด๋ฐํ ์ฐ๊ด์ด ์๋ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ธ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋์์ ์ ์ ์์๋ค.์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ํ ๋๋ก, ์ค์ฒ์ ์ญ๋์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ ๊ธ์ต๊ต์ก ๋ฐ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณ ์, ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์์ด์ ๋ถ์กฑํ ์ญ๋์๋ณด์ถฉํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์กฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ญ๋์ ๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๋ณด์ ๋ฐ ์ธํ๋ผ์์ ์ ๊ทผ์ฑ ํ๋ณด, ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ๋ณต์งํฅ์์ ์ํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ญ๋ ์ฆ์ง ํ์์ฑ, ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฌด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ค์ฒ์ ์ํ ์์ผ๋ก ๋์ด๋ค์ผ ์ ์๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณ ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ ์ธํ์๋ค.The purposes of this study were to examine the financial competency of Korean consumers and to verify the difference of financial competency according to their various characteristics.
To measure financial competency, the structured questionnaire developed by previous study was used. An on-line questionnaire survey was conducted and 1,045 subjects, who were managing their own financial lives and aged 20 and over, were selected.
The major findings were as follows:
First, the financial competency of Korean consumers was not satisfactory. They scored 63.14 of 100 points on average. To be detailed, the highest score came from the knowledge component and the lowest point was obtained in the skill component, which indicates that they do not tend to make the use of their knowledge. As for the sub-categories, they showed the highest quality in managing their income and spending, while recording the lowest point in retirement planning and risk management.
Second, the analysis on the relations between personal characteristics and the level of financial competency found that consumers who were older-aged, male, with higher education, having job obtained higher scores in each component and total scores. By the location of residence, the scores for cognitive components such as the attitude and knowledge were shown higher among people living in small and mid-size city areas, while the point for the financial skills was recorded higher among people from Seoul and other metropolitan cities.
Third, the study to understand the relation between financial characteristics and the level of consumer financial competency showed that the scores for the attitude, knowledge and skills were higher when living enpenses are higher, the amount of savings and investment is more, and the standard of propensity to save is met. Particularly, the financial skill was higher when the people own more financial assets and real estate, their financial assets meet certain requirements compared knowledgincome and living enpenses, their total debt amount knowledgfinancial assets meet certain requirement, and theedginvestment tendr the nd liquidity indices meet certain levels.
Fourth, the satisfaction of Korean consumers with their living standards and financial circumstances were found to range from moderate to low. The satisfaction scores were also related to their financial competency and people with advanced financial characteristics showed higher competency to managing their financial affairs.
Fifth, as for financial characteristics and subjective satisfaction, it was the skill component that was the most closely related to consumer financial welfare. As developing the functional skill will be the most effective way to help improve the welfare, focusing on making people act on real life will help when educating consumers on financial management.
These results of this study are expected to offer guidance for policy-making and consumer education in order to protect consumers and enhance their financial welfare, and provide the foundation to produce sound, responsible and competent consumers in financial market.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000003638/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000003638ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A004937DEPT_CD:358CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:์ฒจ๋ถ๋ ๋ด์ญ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค.DEPT_NM:์๋น์ํ๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:
The Development of Retirement Readiness Composite Index of Korea
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ธํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ , ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋นํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์ฑ ์ํด๋ฅผ ํ๋ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ์์ถํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ ์ฆ๋๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ฐ๊ณ์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ , ๋น์ฌ๋ฌด์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ ์ข
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ํฉ์ง์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ณ์ ์ํด์ค๋นํํฉ์ ํ์
ํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ๊ตญ๋ด?์ธ์ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์ ํตํด ์ค๋ฌธ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ 20๏ฝ60๋ ์ด์ 1,800๋ช
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ํ์๋ค. ์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒด๊ณ๋ก (systems theory)์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ค๊ณ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ํ๊ฐ์ ๊ณํ ๋ฐ ์คํ์ ์ํด์ค๋น์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ SPA๋ชจํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ์ํด์ค๋น์ข
ํฉ์ง์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ์๋ค. ์ํด์ค๋น์ข
ํฉ์ง์๋ ํ๋ณตํ ์ํด์ํ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ์ฌ์ํ์ ๋ํ ํ๊ฐ(๋ง์กฑ๋, Satisfaction)์ ๊ณํ(Planning)๊ณผ ์คํ(Action)์ ํฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐ, ์ผ, ๊ฐ์กฑ ๋ฐ ์น๊ตฌ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๋ง์์ ์์ , ์ฌ๋ฌด, ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ ํ๋ณตํ ์ํด์ํ์ 7๊ฐ ํ์์์ญ(RAINBOW)์ ํ์ฌ ์ํด์ค๋น์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋์งธ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ณ์ ์ํด์ค๋น์ ๋๋ 100์ ๋ง์ ์ 58.3์ ์ด๋ฉฐ 7๊ฐ์ง ํ์์์ญ ์ค, ์ผ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ ์ค๋น๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ทจ์ฝํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ํด์ค๋น์์ค์ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ์ธก์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ํด์ํ์ 7๊ฐ์ง ํ์์์ญ์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ์์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ณํ์ ์ธ์ด ํ ์คํ์ผ๋ก ์ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ๋ฐ์๋์ด์ผ ํจ์ ์์ฌํ๋ค. ๋ํ ์ํด์ค๋น์์ค์ ํฅ์์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐ๊ณ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์์ ์ํด์ค๊ณ๊ต์ก์ด ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ๋จ๋์๋ค.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000003638/9SEQ:9PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000003638ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A004937DEPT_CD:358FILENAME:์ฒจ๋ถ๋ ๋ด์ญ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค.DEPT_NM:์๋น์ํ๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:
A Comparative Analysis of Cataloging Record Related to Koreain the National Libraries of the Main Developing Countries - Focused on 12 Europe and South America Countries -
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