Analysis of Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis and Nursing Countermeasures of Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的探究肝硬化患者产生医院感染的危险因素,并采用中医预防及护理对策,为临床防控医院感染提供参考。方法收集2014年10月1日—2016年10月31日住院治疗的176例肝硬化患者资料,回顾性分析医院感染产生的危险因素,并总结中医预防及护理对策。结果176例肝硬化患者中有5例发生医院感染,其感染率是2.84%,感染部位主要有三种,即肺部感染、胃肠道及腹腔感染,其中,居于感染部位首位的是肺部感染3例（60%）,其次为肠道感染1例（20%）和腹腔感染1例（20%）。5例感染病例均采样送细菌培养,检出4株病原菌,分别为2株的肺炎克雷伯菌（50%）,1株的大肠埃希菌（25%）,1株金黄色葡萄球菌（25%）。年龄≥55岁,住院时间≥30 d、侵入性操作、预防用药、肝功能评级高、合并肝炎是肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论针对肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素,采取相应的中医预防及护理,增强身体免疫能力,可提高肝硬化患者生活质量,促进疾病恢复。Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, and to take preventive and nursing measures toprovide reference for the clinical prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods The data of 176 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis from October 1, 2014 to October 31, 2016 were collected. The risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectively, and the countermeasures of prevention and nursing were also summarized. Results There were 5 cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 176 cases of cirrhosis patients, the infection rate was 2.84%, the main infection sites had three kinds, namely, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal and abdominal infection. Among them, the first place of infection was pulmonary infection（3 cases,60%）, followed by intestinal infection（1 case,20%） and abdominal cavity infection（1 case,20%）. 5 cases of infection were sampled for bacterial culture. 4 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae（50%）, 1 strain of Escherichia coli（25%）, and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus（25%）. 55 years of age or older, more than 30 days hospitalization, invasive operation, prophylactic antibiotics use, the liver function rating was high, complicated hepatitis,were the risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis.Conclusion According to the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, we should take corresponding prevention and care of the traditional Chinese medicine to enhance the ability of body immunity,improve the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis, and promote the recovery of disease

小牛血清去蛋白注射液静脉滴注致不良反应2例

患者1,男,70岁,诊断为椎-基底动脉供血不足,于2014年11月26日收入医院神经内科治疗。入院时体温36.5℃,脉搏78次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压138/80 MM Hg,心肺未见异常,无癫痫史,否认药物、食物过敏史。12月10日晨9时,静脉滴注小牛血清去蛋白注射液(锦州奥鸿药业有限责任公司,批号

量子点荧光探针在生物医学研究中的应用进展

20世纪末,随着纳米科技的进步,诞生了一类新型荧光探针—量子点.与传统有机荧光探针相比表现出独特而优良的发光特性,在不到10a的时间里,这类探针在科学研究中得到了迅速的应用.本文对量子点荧光探针在生物医学中的应用及进展进行简要的综述

以四磺基铝酞菁-牛血清白蛋白为底物的荧光恢复均相法测定胃蛋白酶

酸性介质中,红区荧光探针四磺基铝酞菁(AlS4Pc)的荧光被白蛋白显著猝灭,加入胃蛋白酶后,体系荧光明显回复。基于此现象,建立了荧光恢复均相测定胃蛋白酶的新方法。考察了各种影响因素,在最佳实验条件(pH2.5、反应温度50℃、反应时间1h)下,本方法的线性范围为0.04～4mg/L,检出限为20μg/L。用本方法测定实际样品中胃蛋白酶,取得了满意的结果

一种新型分光光度计液槽的设计及其在临床生化检验中的应用

设计并制作了可容纳塑料离心管的新型分光光度计液池。液池适用的样品体积变化范围宽(10~500μL),尤其适合于生物临床样品、强碱性介质以及大批样品的分析。该装置应用于血清蛋白质(总蛋白、白蛋白)、尿素氮、葡萄糖的测定及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)反应管的均一性检验,取得了满意的结果

纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌的Ames试验

目的:研究纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌两种纳米光催化材料的潜在致突变性。方法:采用Ames试验平板掺入法,计数TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102四种菌株分别在纳米二氧化钛及纳米氧化锌5个不同浓度下的回变菌落数。结果:纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌材料各剂量组均未引起测试菌株回变菌落数的明显增加。Ames试验结果均为阴性。结论:纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌在实验剂量范围内未见致突变性

甘精胰岛素治疗糖尿病与恶性肿瘤发生风险的荟萃分析

目的:系统评价糖尿病患者用甘精胰岛素治疗与恶性肿瘤发生风险的相关性。方法:检索PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang Data)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)建库至2018年2月的相关文献资料。按Cochrane系统评价方法进行文献筛选,将纳入的文献进行数据提取和质量分析后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行荟萃(meta)分析。结果:共纳入16篇文献。分析结果显示,甘精胰岛素组发生恶性肿瘤的风险与安慰剂/其他降糖药组相似,差异无统计学意义[RR=0.98,95%CI(0.83,1.16),P=0.80]。进一步研究发现,甘精胰岛素组发生乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的风险均与安慰剂/其他降糖药组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:甘精胰岛素未增加糖尿病患者乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌等恶性肿瘤的发生风险

阳离子铝酞菁红区荧光探针测定硫酸软骨素

目的建立以阳离子铝酞菁为红区荧光探针定量测定硫酸软骨素(CS)的新方法。方法在pH5.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,阳离子铝酞菁与CS发生相互作用形成离子缔合物而导致荧光猝灭。在610 nm波长光的激发下,随着CS的加入,探针的特征发射峰(676 nm)处的荧光强度逐步减弱。结果在最佳条件下,荧光强度差值(ΔIf)与CS浓度(C,μg/mL)在0.2~1.3μg/mL内呈良好的线性关系,工作曲线为ΔIf=406.67C-36.23,r=0.997。建立了溶剂沉淀法成功地进行了样品的前处理,实现了实际样品(滴眼液)的准确测定。结论该法简便、快速、抗金属离子及小分子干扰的能力较强,可用于复杂实际样品中CS的含量测定

Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate with High Sensitivity by Fluorescence Recovery through Shifting the Equilibrium between Anionic Phthalocyanine and Cationic Surfactant

目的建立高灵敏荧光增强法测定硫酸软骨素的新方法,并用于实际样品测定。方法对荧光光谱行为的考察显示,在PH 7.0的介质中,具有共轭结构的阳离子头部和长碳链尾部的阳离子表面活性剂对四磺基铝酞菁(AlS4PC)的荧光具有高效猝灭作用,二者形成无荧光离子缔合物。此离子缔合物可对带有磺酸基团的高分子黏多糖硫酸软骨素(CS)作出灵敏响应。在CS的存在下,反应体系荧光显著恢复,最大恢复倍数可达900倍。由于猝灭效率高,荧光恢复程度大,甚至可实现目视化观测。结果工作曲线响应区间0.2~6μg·Ml-1,检测限0.09μg·Ml-1,工作曲线lOgy=0.158 23ρ-0.035 97,r=0.998 7。本实验对该法用于批量样品分析的可行性进行了考察,结果表明,所建立的方法可望用于高通量分析。结论该法操作简便,灵敏度、稳定性与检测准确性好。所建立的方法成功地用于组成复杂的实际样品中CS的定量分析,解决了实际工作中的难点。OBJECTIVE To propose a novel method for quantitative determination of chondroitin sulfate in real samples using the ion-association phthalocyanine complex as a fluorescent probe emitting at red-region.METHODS The fluorescence of tetrasulpnonated aluminum phthalocyanine( AlS4Pc),an anionic metal phthalocyanine,was quenched dramatically by cationic surfactants which contain a positively-charged head with a conjugated structure and a long carbon chain as tail through the formation of an almost non-fluorescent association complex.Hexadecylpyridinium bromide( CPB) screened from a series of cationic surfactants was selected as a quencher because of its high fluorescence quenching efficiency.It was found that the ion-association complex( AlS4Pc-CPB) emitted strong fluorescence in the presence of chondroitin sulfate,due to the ability of chondroitin sulfate to shift the association equilibrium of the ionassociation complex,which led to the release of AlS4Pc,thus resulting in an increase in the fluorescence of AlS4Pc.The method based on the above-mentioned phenomenon was investigated in the aspects of spectral characteristics,effect of pH,influence of reaction time, order of addition of reagents,the usage of reagents,and interference of foreign substances.RESULTS Under optimal conditions,the linear range of the assay for chondroitin sulfate was 0.2- 6 μg·mL- 1with a detection limit of 0.09 μg·mL- 1.CONCLUSOIN The established method is not only sensitive,accurate but also simple and reliable.It has been used to the analysis of real samples with complicated composition with satisfactory results.It has also been successfully applied in batch test combined with well-reader technique,exhibiting great potential for high-throughput analysis.福建省科技重点资助项目(2012Y0081); 福建省公益类科研院所基本专项(2010R1101)资助项

STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT FROM SEA CUCUMBER MENSAMARIA INTERCEDENS──Ⅱ.PMI-1, A NOVEL FUCOSAN

利用乙醇沉淀分级技术从二色桌片参双酶水解液里分离到一种纯的活性多糖，定名PMI-1。用高效薄层层析法鉴定其组成的单糖，发现PMI-1只含有L-岩藻糖。根据其分析结果和理化特性，PMI－1应是由若藻糖基和岩藻糖-4硫酸酯基组成的均多糖。研究PMI－1的核磁共振谱，可认定它是一种具有直链的和α1－α联接的均多糖。因此它是一种新的岩藻聚糖。Using double enzymes digestion and fractionations by precipitation with alcohol, a pure active polysaccharide PMI-1 was obtained from the dried body wall of Mensamaria intercedens. Monosaccharide composition was identified by thin-layer chromatography, the results indicate that PMI-1 only consisits of L-fucose. According to analytical and chemicophysical data, PMI-1 seemed to be homosaccharide consisted of fucose and fllcose-4sulfate with the molar ratio of 1: 1. Studied on the 1 HNMR and 13MNMR data of PMI-1 showed that PMI-1 had a straightsaccharide chain and α1-α linkage.福建省重中之重项