Media Coverage, Voluntary Disclosure of the Corporate Social Responsibility Information and Financing Constraints

以我国2009~2013年度除强制性披露社会责任报告外的非金融类上市公司为样本,实证检验了媒体关注度对企业自愿性社会责任信息披露意愿以及披露水平的影响。研究发现:媒体关注显著提高了企业自愿性社会责任信息披露意愿及其水平,而企业自愿披露社会责任信息能显著缓解公司面临的融资约束。在尽可能控制内生性问题后,研究结论依然成立。本文的研究在丰富了已有的媒体作用文献的基础上,加深了公众对我国企业社会责任信息披露行为的理解。Taking non- financial listed companies excluding firms with mandatory disclosure of social responsibility report as samples for the period 2009~2013, this paper discusses the relationship among media coverage, voluntary disclosure of the corporate social responsibility information and financing constraints.Our results indicate that media coverage really promote the enthusiasm of voluntary corporate social responsibility information disclosure and the corporate social responsibility information can reduce financing constraints the enterprises faced and the conclusions still hold after eliminating the endogenous concerns.This paper not only enriches the related literature, but also helps deepen our understanding of the behavior of corporate social responsibility.国家自然科学基金青年项目(71172050);国家自然科学基金项目(71102058);国家自然科学基金项目(71102059);国家自然科学基金项目(71572165

Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM_(2.5) from biomass burning

为探讨生物质在明火和阴燃两种不同条件下PM_(2.5)及主要成分的排放差异,选取了7种具有代表性的生物质样品(小麦、水稻、马尾松叶、马尾松枝、杂; 草、玉米、棉花)进行了燃烧实验,并对PM_(2.5)样品中的7种主要水溶性离子(Na~+、NH_4~+; 、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、NO_3~- 、SO_4~(2-))及有机碳(OC) 、元素碳(EC) 、水溶性有机碳(WSOC); 、有机酸和左旋葡聚糖(LG)等有机成分进行了分析.结果表明,明火和阴燃条件下PM_(2.5)的排放因子分别为2.82~ 7.74; mg·g~(-1)和3.24~ 22.56; mg·g~(-1),阴燃时的排放因子偏高,不同燃料类型也存在一定差异.燃烧排放PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子以Cl~-为最高,占总离子的比例为72; %~; 94%,且与NH_4~+存在显著正相关关系,水溶性离子整体表现为明火条件下的浓度显著高于阴燃条件下的浓度.受阴燃条件下氧气不足的影响,PM_(2; .5)中有机组分的浓度表现为阴燃高于明火,进而导致阴燃时PM_(2.5)的排放因子增加.水稻秸秆燃烧烟尘中3种来源特征比值(LG/PM_(2.5; )、LG/OC和LG/WSOC)仅为小麦和玉米秸秆燃烧排放相应比值均值的0.34、0.24和0.27倍,表明在不同农作物的收获季节采用上述特征比; 值进行生物质燃烧来源估算时,应区别对待.Seven kinds of biomass samples including masson pine needles and; branches,wheat,rice,grass,maize and cotton straw were burned under; flaming and smoldering conditions to investigate the emission factors of; PM_(2.5) and its associated major components including organic carbon; (OC), elemental carbon,water soluble ions,water soluble organ carbon; (WSOC),organic acids and levoglucosan (LG). The results showed that the; emission factors were in the range of 2.82 ~ 7.74 mg·g~(-1) and 3.24 ~; 22.56 mg·g~(-1) for PM_(2.5) from biomass burning in flaming and; smoldering conditions, respectively. The difference between the two; burning conditions varied in different kinds of biomass fuel. The; profiles of water soluble ions in PM_(2.5) were all dominated by; Cl~-,accounting for 72%~ 94% of the total water soluble ions.; Significant positive correlations were only observed between Cl~-and; NH_4~+. The concentrations of water soluble ions were generally higher; in flaming PM_(2.5) than those in smoldering PM_(2.5). The organic; components showed much higher levels in smoldering PM_(2.5) with respect; to those in flaming PM_(2.5) because of incomplete burning. The higher; emission factors of PM_(2.5) under smoldering conditions were mainly due; to the higher emission factors of organic species. Three source; characteristic ratios including LG/PM_(2.5),LG/OC and LG/WSOC in rice; straw burning PM_(2.5) were only 0.34,0.24 and 0.27 times of the mean; ratios in wheat and maize straw burning PM_(2.5),respectively.; Thus,different characteristic ratios are required to estimate biomass; burning contribution in different biomass burning seasons.国家自然科学基金; 国家重点研发计划; 福建省自然科学基金计划项

Impacts of storm event on DOM composition and flux in two Jiulong Tributaries with different watershed features

通过调查2014年7月"麦德姆"台风影响期间福建九龙江北溪(流域以林地为主)和西溪(农业流域和城市背景)下游定点站DOM的时间序列,测定样品的DOC含量及其吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱,以评估不同流域背景对河流DOM动力学降雨响应的差异性,并为流域-河口系统的一体化管理提供重要参考。降雨期间,两条河流DOC浓度、吸收系数aCDOM(350)以及总荧光强度均随径流量升高而增大,并在水位下降期持续增加,且西溪增加量明显高于北溪,说明受人类活动扰动大的流域河流有机质对暴雨事件的响应更为灵敏;北溪和西溪的SUVA254分别显示出增大和减小的相反变化趋势,表明林地背景的流域主要冲刷芳香度高的DOM到河流,农业和城市背景则相反;降雨期西溪对九龙江DOM入海通量的贡献率高于北溪,与基流期北溪贡献率占主导恰巧相反,这种碳通量的逆转表明暴雨事件会放大人类活动对下游河口生态环境的影响。Watershed features have great impacts on river DOM composition and flux. In this study, temporal variations in DOM of the North(dominated by forestland)and West(dominated by farmland and urban area)Jiulong River were investigated during the typhoon"Matmo"in July, 2014. The DOM was characterized by DOC, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs)analysis. The DOC concentration, absorption coefficient aCDO(350)and total DOM fluorescence intensity of both rivers increased significantly in both rising and falling hydrograph during the storm event. However, DOM abundance in the West River showed a much greater increase than that in the North River, suggesting more sensitivity of river DOM to rainstorm events in the watershed with greater anthropogenic perturbation. The specific absorption coefficient(SUVA254)of CDOM showed different variation tends between the North and West River,indicating that river DOM in forest-dominant watershed had high aromaticity and average molecular weight. The West River showed higher fluxes of DOM than the North River during storm event, which was opposite to that under the base flow condition. This reversion in DOM export flux suggested that storm event could amplify the influence of human activities in the watershed on the receiving estuarine ecosystems.The present findings are of great significance for the integrated management of coupled river-estuary system.国家自然科学基金项目(41276064,U1305231

Influences of mechanically and dielectrically imperfect interfaces on the reflection and transmission waves between two piezoelectric half spaces

The influences of mechanically and dielectrically imperfect interfaces on the reflection and transmission waves between two piezoelectric half spaces are studied in this paper. First, the secular equations in the traverse isotropic piezoelectric half space are derived from the general dynamic equation. Then, six kinds of imperfect interfaces are considered. These imperfect interfaces include: the mechanically compliant, dielectrically weakly conducting imperfect interface; the mechanically compliant, dielectrically highly conducting imperfect interface; the grounded metallized interface and the low-dielectric interface and their mechanical counterpart, namely, the fixed interface and the slippery interface. These imperfect interface conditions are required to be satisfied by four sets of waves, namely, the quasi-longitudinal wave (QP), the quasi-transverse wave (QSV), the shear horizontal wave (SH) which is decoupled to other waves and the electric-acoustic wave (EA). The algebraic equations resulting from the imperfect interface conditions are solved to obtain the amplitude ratio of various waves and furthermore the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of the energy flux ratio. The numerical results are obtained for the incident QP wave, the incident QSV wave and the incident SH wave and are validated by the energy conservation principle. The effects of these imperfect interfaces are discussed based on the numerical results. The present study provides useful information for the detection of imperfect interface. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A Wide Band Strong Acoustic Absorption in a Locally Network Anechoic Coating

Composite materials with interpenetrating network structures usually exhibit unexpected merit due to the cooperative interaction. Locally resonant phononic crystals (LRPC) exhibit excellent sound attenuation performance based on a periodical arrangement of sound wave scatters. Inspired by the interpenetrating network structure and the LRPC concept, we develop a locally network anechoic coating (LNAC) that can achieve a wide band of underwater strong acoustic absorption. The experimental results show that the LNAC possesses an excellent underwater acoustic absorbing capacity in a wide frequency range. Moreover, in order to investigate the impact of the interpenetrating network structure, we fabricate a faultage structure sample and the network is disconnected by hard polyurethane (PU). The experimental comparison between the LNAC and the faultage structure sample shows that the interpenetrating network structure of the LNAC plays an important role in achieving a wide band strong acoustic absorption

Locally resonant phononic woodpile: A wide band anomalous underwater acoustic absorbing material

To meet the demand of modern acoustic absorbing material for which acoustic absorbing frequency region can be readily tailored, we introduced woodpile structure into locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) and fabricated an underwater acoustic absorbing material, which is called locally resonant phononic woodpile (LRPW). Experimental results show that LRPW has a strong capability of absorbing sound in a wide frequency range. Further theoretical research revealed that LRPC units and woodpile structure in LRPW play an important role in realization of wide band underwater strong acoustic absorption

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Simulation on the Water Recharge Process along the Main Tarim River Bank

本文依据塔里木河干流河岸水分补给特点，对河水侧渗补给河岸地下水和洪水漫溢期间水分入渗补给河岸土壤层两种补给方式分别建立水分运动模型，探讨了河道—河岸水分补给过程及机理，并计算和对比了两种方式的补给量，从而估计河道堤防工程建设对河岸水量平衡的潜在影响，为塔里木河流域水资源合理开发利用提供科学建议。本文的研究得到结论：1 通过建立河道—河岸侧渗补给模型，探讨了河水补给驱动下地下水在垂直和水平方向上受补给的演化过程。河水对河岸侧渗补给的有效范围在阿拉尔断面从丰水年至枯水年依次为1 061 m，950 m和700 m；在新渠满断面依次为1 009 m，910 m和686 m。在补给阶段地下水的抬升效应随与河道距离的增加而逐渐减小，而在退水之后含水层又有部分水分回流至河道中，整个补给过程是河水—地下水交互作用的补给过程。2 对侧渗补给量的计算显示在平水年阿拉尔断面和新渠满断面的最大补给量分别为53.49 m3/m和43.05 m3/m，枯水年和丰水年的数值是32.51 m3/m、29.49 m3/m和65.01 m3/m、50.04 m3/m。不同径流情景下河水对河岸的侧渗补给量差别明显。3 用土壤水分运动模拟软件HYDRUS-1D模拟了洪水漫溢期间水分入渗补给河岸土壤层的过程，结果表明漫溢对河岸的水分补给非常关键，从枯水年至丰水年对河岸的补给总量可达181.01 m3/m，197.06 m3/m和221.59 m3/m。4 漫溢入渗对河岸的水分补充远大于河水侧渗的补给效果。在平水年天然状况下河水对河岸的水分补充通过河水侧渗和漫溢入渗两种方式，水分补给量可达240.11 m3/m，修建堤防工程后只能依靠河水侧渗补给，补给量为43.05 m3/m，约为天然状况下补给量的1/6。因此必须增加和实施补偿性灌溉和放水措施以维持原有河岸生态系统不因水分减少而受损