The Role of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

目的探讨PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路在博来霉素(BLM)诱导的小鼠肺纤维化中的作用机制。方法 56只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组通过气管内滴注BLM(2.5 mg/kg)建立肺纤维化模型,对照组在相同条件下气管内滴注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。在造模第21 d取小鼠肺组织标本行HE和Masson染色分析肺组织形态学变化;运用Ashcroft评分以及检测羟脯氨酸含量评估肺纤维化程度;Western blot方法检测PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路的变化以及肺泡表面活性物质(Pro-SPC)蛋白含量;实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)法检测胶原蛋白3(Collagen3)mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学法检测肺组织内Collagen3蛋白和细胞凋亡数的变化。结果实验组与对照组相比,肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度明显加重,肺组织内充填大量炎细胞及纤维病灶。试验组Ashcroft评分和羟脯氨酸含量均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。同时,PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路在实验组肺内明显活化,并伴有Pro-SPC蛋白生成减少,Collagen3蛋白含量及mRNA水平增加,以及肺内细胞凋亡数明显增加。结论 PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路的异常活化促进了肺纤维化形成。Objective To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway in bleomycininduced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Fifty-six C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a bleomycin(BLM)group.The pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by single intratracheal instillation of BLM(2.5 mg/kg)in the BLM group.Similarly,0.9% saline was instilled directly into the trachea in the control group.Then all mice were sacrificed on 21 stday.The lungs were collected for morphometric analysis with HE and Masson staining.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated with Ashcroft score and content of hydroxyproline.The activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway and prosurfactant protein C(Pro-SPC)were measured by Western blot.The level of collagen3 mRNA was assessed with quantitative real time PCR analysis.Collagen3 protein and numbers of apoptosis cells were observed with immuno-histochemistry.Results It was exhibited that the thickening alveolar septa,accumulation of inflammatory cells,and fibrous obliteration in the BLM group but not in the control group.There was a significant difference in Ashcroft score and hydryoproline content in the BLM group.Meanwhile,the activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway was up-regulated and the protein of Pro-SPC was decreased in the BLM group.It was revealed that the numbers of apoptosis cells,expressions of Collagen3 protein and mRNA were increased in the BLM group.Conclusion Aberrant activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway may aggravate the pulmonary fibrogenesis.福建省科技局课题(编号:J00162

应用光合色素标记物研究2001年2～6月厦门西海域浮游植物群落结构

利用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对厦门西海域2001年2～6月的浮游植物色素进行了测定,并首次运用CHEMTAX软件对该海域进行了浮游植物群落组成的分析,同时分析了环境因子对群落组成的作用.我们首先改进了RP-HPLC分离方案,分离的时间缩短了近1/3,达到了提高分离效率的目的.利用改进后的RP-HPLC方案进行色素分析显示,厦门西海域2001年2～6月期间,主要的特征色素是岩藻黄素(fucoxanthin)、19’-丁酰基氧化岩藻黄素(19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin)、19’-己酰基氧化岩藻黄素(19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin)和多甲藻素(peridinin),月平均含量分别在267.824～655.076、20.118～126.764、65.693～214.115、26.955～203.927μg/m3的范围变动.CHEMTAX计算的结果进一步表明:硅藻是主要优势类群,其次是定鞭金藻和甲藻,分别占总生物量的36.14%～79.27%、4.50%～37.40%和4.83%～21.37%.总生物量从2月到6月呈增长趋势,温度是主要的决定因子.硅藻和定鞭金藻所占生物量的份额呈相反趋势变化,表明种间竞争也是重要的因素之一

Performance of lead-acid battery adding carbon nanotube in negative plate

研究添加不同含量碳纳米管(CnT)和炭黑对铅酸电池负极板电化学性能的影响。添加适量的CnT会增大负极内孔体积,改善活性材料的颗粒形态,使颗粒大小更均匀,提高电化学反应动力学性能。添加0.5%CnT时,1 C首次放电容量提高3%,并将极板2 C、60 S放电循环的寿命延长接近一倍,电池在SbA S 0101测试中的循环寿命也超过普通电池一倍。Effects of adding different amounts of carbon nanotube( CNT) and carbon black into negative plates in lead-acid battery were investigated.The negative plates with conductive carbon nanotube exhibited rich pore structure,better morphology and improved kinetic behavior.The addition of appropriate amount of CNT into negative plates was beneficial to improve discharge capacity and cycle life of the lead-acid battery under the condition of rapid charge-discharge processes.The initial discharge capacity of 1 C was increased 3%,the negative plate 2 C,60 s discharge cycle life was extended nearly doubled when adding 0.5% CNT,cycle life of the battery in SBA S 0101 test was also more than twice as ordinary battery.福建省软科学计划项目(2015R0077

活性炭对铅酸电池负极活性物质结构与性能的影响

本工作研究了在铅酸电池负极活性物质中添加高比表面积活性炭对其微观结构与性能的影响。模拟电池实验结果发现,添加0. 5%的SPC04型活性炭可以使负极1C、5C、10C的放电容量分别提高18. 36%、42. 68%、44. 01%,2C 60 s的放电循环寿命提高1倍。6-FM-9F型实际电池测试结果表明,不仅在部分荷电态高倍率(HRPSo C)充放电条件下电池的循环寿命得到了显著提高,而且在完全充放电下电池的循环寿命也得到了显著提高。负极活性物质的微观结构测试结果表明,活性炭材料的加入可以明显改变其颗粒形貌和孔隙结构,活性炭可以使负极活性物质颗粒及孔隙分布较为均匀,粒径大小适中,增加了活性物质颗粒间有效孔径范围(0. 4～3μm)的占比

Infl uence of composite material of carbon black and graphite on the performance of negative electrode of lead-acid battery

本文考察了加入不同含量混合炭材料(如炭黑与石墨)的铅酸电池负极的电化学性能。通过循环伏安测试,研究了炭材料对负极氧化还原性能与析氢电位的影响。通过扫描电镜测试,观察了负极微观形貌的变化。充放电测试结果表明,铅酸电池负极活性物质中炭材料的含量对其倍率放电性能具有重要影响。适量添加炭黑与石墨的混合材料,可以提高负极高倍率条件下的放电容量。当添加3%炭黑和2%石墨混合炭材料时,对负极充电时的析氢电位影响较小,10 C放电条件下得到较高容量。This paper observed and studied the electrochemical performance of negative electrode of lead-acid battery, while the negative electrode was added into different content of composite carbon material such as carbon black and graphite.The infl uences of carbon material on redox properties of negative electrode and hydrogen evolution potential were studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements.The micro morphology of negative electrode was characterized by SEM.The results of chargedischarge tests showed that when the carbon material was added into the active materials of negative electrode of lead-acid battery, its content had an important effect on the discharge performance.The composite material of proper content carbon black and graphite could improve the discharge capacity at high rates.When 3 wt% carbon black and 2 wt% graphite were added, the effect on hydrogen evolution potential is smaller during charging and the capacity is higher under the condition of 10C discharging.福建省软科学计划项目(2012R0076)资

Plenty is Plague: Fine-Grained Learning for Visual Question Answering

纪荣嵘教授团队的论文提出了一种基于强化学习的细粒度学习策略FG-A1C，旨在通过分析视觉问答任务中的样本多样性及标签的冗余性问题来针对性地挑选训练样本以提高模型的训练效率及减少标记支出。 该论文由厦门大学媒体分析与计算实验室的周奕毅博士后助理研究员、纪荣嵘教授（通信作者）、孙晓帅副教授、苏劲松副教授，以及西安交通大学孟德宇教授、清华大学高跃副教授和澳大利亚阿德莱德大学沈春华教授等合作完成。Visual Question Answering (VQA) has attracted extensive research focus recently. Along with the ever-increasing data scale and model complexity, the enormous training cost has become an emerging challenge for VQA. In this paper, we show such a massive training cost is indeed plague. In contrast, a fine-grained design of the learning paradigm can be extremely beneficial in terms of both training efficiency and model accuracy. In particular, we argue that there exist two essential and unexplored issues in the existing VQA training paradigm that randomly samples data in each epoch, namely, the "difficulty diversity" and the "label redundancy". Concretely, "difficulty diversity" refers to the varying difficulty levels of different question types, while "label redundancy" refers to the redundant and noisy labels contained in individual question type. To tackle these two issues, in this paper we propose a fine-grained VQA learning paradigm with an actor-critic based learning agent, termed FG-A1C. Instead of using all training data from scratch, FG-A1C includes a learning agent that adaptively and intelligently schedules the most difficult question types in each training epoch. Subsequently, two curriculum learning based schemes are further designed to identify the most useful data to be learned within each inidividual question type. We conduct extensive experiments on the VQA2.0 and VQA-CP v2 datasets, which demonstrate the significant benefits of our approach. For instance, on VQA-CP v2, with less than 75% of the training data, our learning paradigms can help the model achieves better performance than using the whole dataset. Meanwhile, we also shows the effectivenesss of our method in guiding data labeling. Finally, the proposed paradigm can be seamlessly integrated with any cutting-edge VQA models, without modifying their structures.This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program (No.2017YFC0113000, and No.2016YFB1001503), Nature Sci- ence Foundation of China (No.U1705262, No.61772443, and No.61572410), Post Doctoral Innovative Talent Support Pro-gram under Grant BX201600094, China Post-Doctoral Sci- ence Foundation under Grant 2017M612134, Scientific Re-search Project of National Language Committee of China (Grant No. YB135-49), and Nature Science Foundation of Fu-jian Province, China (No. 2017J01125 and No. 2018J01106). 本项研究得到了厦门大学“人工智能分析引擎”双一流重大专项的支持、国家重点研发专项和国家自然科学基金海峡基金等项目的支持

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

视觉注意的早期等级效应与晚期半球偏侧化效应——来自ERP的电生理学证据

采用“提示-目标”的视觉实验范式，以文字提示不同等级的搜索范围，通过事件相关电位(ERP)技术研究16名青年被试的视觉注意脑机制，结果观察到随着提示等级的减小，反应对加快，早期ERP成分P1与N1波幅增大，这一结果不但提供了支持聚光灯理论的电生理学证据，而且阐明了聚光灯效应发生在信息加工早期；发现了P2效应的两个分离，一是P1效应与P2效应的分离，表示注意的提示范围扩大，需要额外的运算资源；二是P2效应的左右半球分离，提示左半球是与提示范围直接有关的注意加工的优势所在

视觉空间注意的事件相关电位研究

视觉空间注意是心理学多年来一直探讨的问题,也是近来多学科共同关注的领域。在脑机制研究中,事件相关电位(ERP)的研究方法具有高时间分辨率的特点,近年来高密度记录技术的发展,也提高了ERP在功能定位方面的作用,因此其应用日益广泛。该文概述了近年来有关ERP在视觉空间注意研究中的实验方法、结果和初步结论,并就今后研究方向提出了几点看法

视觉注意的早期等级效应与晚期半球偏侧化效应——来自ERP的电生理学证据

采用“提示 目标”的视觉实验范式 ,以文字提示不同等级的搜索范围 ,通过事件相关电位 (ERP)技术研究 1 6名青年被试的视觉注意脑机制 .结果观察到随着提示等级的减小 ,反应时加快 ,早期ERP成分P1与N1波幅增大 .这一结果不但提供了支持聚光灯理论的电生理学证据 ,而且阐明了聚光灯效应发生在信息加工早期 ; 发现了P2效应的两个分离 ,一是P1效应与P2效应的分离 ,表示注意的提示范围扩大 ,需要额外的运算资源 ; 二是P2效应的左右半球分离 ,提示左半球是与提示范围直接有关的注意加工的优势所