The Study of China’s Choices of Climate Policies and ItsTrade, Environmental Effects in the Post-Kyoto Era

全球气候变化问题是人类迄今为止面临的规模最大、范围最广、影响最为深远的挑战之一。世界各国在加强气候变化科学研究的同时也在不断探索应对气候变化的方法和路径。《京都议定书》明确规定了主要工业化国家的定量减排目标和时间表，发展中国家则不受约束。然而，《京都议定书》已于2012年结束第一期承诺，而后国际气候谈判将去向如何？议定书生效后的缔约方会议中发达国家多次力推“后京都进程”，迫使中国等发展中大国承担减排义务。2015年12月签订的《巴黎协定》明确了发达国家应继续领头完成减排目标，发展中国家则应依国情不同而继续强化减排努力，因此，在这一“后京都时代”，如何在风云变幻的大国博弈与日益激烈的国际竞争中，...The issue of global climate change is one of the largest, most extensive and far-reaching challenges by mankind faced. Scientific research on climate change are strengthen in the world, and also continue to explore the paths and Methods to address climate change. The ‘Kyoto Protocol’ clearly stated the quantitative emission reduction targets and timetable of the major industrialized countries, the...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_国际贸易学学号：1572013015396

Host Country’s Environmental Regulations and MNCs’FDI Location Selection ——Based on China’s Data

改革开放以来，我国一直把利用国际直接投资作为对外开放政策的重要内容，到目前为止，中国已经成为最重要的FDI接受国之一。而随着人们对外资认识的不断加深以及对全球环境问题的关注，外商直接投资与环境以及外商直接投资与环境管制的关系成为国际学术界研究的热点问题。 目前学术界存在两种针锋相对的观点：一种认为环境管制会使产业竞争力受到严重的负面影响，实行低环境标准的国家，其企业所承受的环境成本相对要低，从而吸引世界污染密集产业的对外投资，即“污染天堂”假说（PollutionHavens），一些学者进一步推论，各国为了避免因较高的环境标准而损害其吸引FDI的竞争力，会竞相降低环境标准，即“环境标准竞次”...Since the reform and opening door policy, China treat the foreign direct investment as an important content of opening-up policy all along, so far, China has become one of the most important FDI recipient countries. With the increasing awareness of foreign investment and global environmental problems, the relationships between FDI and the environment, as well as FDI and environmental regulations a...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际贸易系_国际贸易学学号：1572006115115

Embodied energy and carbon emissions transferred in international trade using a MRIO model

随着全球生产链的形成以及生产与消费活动的跨国界分隔,国际贸易的快速发展对各国的能源消耗和碳排放会产生重要影响。本文运用MRIO模型测算了1995; -2009年国际贸易中的隐含能源和碳排放。结果表明:①研究期间中国除燃气和新能源外均属于隐含能源净出口国,生产侧排放增加远超过消费侧排放增加,且; 前者增加的40%是为了满足国外需求,而消费侧排放增加仅16%来源于进口的增加;②研究期间主要发达经济体生产侧能耗和碳排放几乎没有变化,但消费侧能; 耗和碳排放却在逐渐增加,属于隐含能源和碳排放净进口国;新兴经济体的生产侧和消费侧能耗分别增加了81.7%和81.3%,且发达经济体消费引致的新兴; 经济体隐含能源和碳排放远大于后者消费引致的前者隐含能源和碳排放;③主要发达经济体的人均消费侧能耗和碳排放都远高于新兴经济体,而中国的人均消费侧能; 耗和碳排放水平都较低。With the formation of global production chains as well as cross- border; separated in production and consumption in the world, the rapid; development of international trade has an important impact on both; embodied energy and transfer emissions of trade. We estimated the; different energy consumption and emissions embodied in international; trade in 1995-2009 with the MRIO model. The results showed that:(1)China; belongs to a net exporter of embodied energy in international trade; except for new energy sources and gas during the study period; increase; of production-based emissions far exceeds the consumption-based; emissions in China, and 40% of the former is satisfied by the demands of; foreign countries, then only 16% of consumption- based emissions; increase is derived from the increase of imports;(2)The production-based; energy and carbon emissions of the major developed economies were almost; unchanged during the study period, but the consumption- based energy and; carbon emissions were gradually increasing, then they were net importers; of embodied energy and emissions in international trade; the; productionbased and consumption- based energy of emerging economies; increased by 81.7% and 81.3% respectively, and the embodied energy and; emissions of developed economies transferred into emerging economies is; much greater than the embodied energy and emissions of emerging; economies transferred into developed economies;(3)The per capita; consumption-based embodied energy and emissions in developed economies; are much higher than in emerging economies; while the per capita; embodied energy and emissions are in a low level in China.国家社科基金重大项目; 国家自科基金面上项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

Development of TOF-MS Used as the Detector of HPLC

本文研制的质谱仪是具有电喷雾离子源和射频四极杆接口的高分辨飞行时间质谱仪(ESI-QQQ-TOF-MS)。该仪器的特点如下:采用可三维调节、带有加热雾化气的电喷雾源液质联用接口;采用由三组四极杆组成、可有效调制离子束的离子光学系统;采用正负双脉冲推斥和垂直引入方式;采用经优化设计的二级有网反射器。该仪器分辨本领优于11 000(Full Width at Half Maximum,FWHM),质量测定精度优于10×10-6,最低检测限低于3 fmol/μL。可作为高效液相色谱优良的质谱检测器。Time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS) is widely used in protein chemistry and proteomics research due to its high sensitivity,high resolution and high accuracy.Recently two Q-TOF-MS analytical systems are developed.Both systems are equipped with electrospray ionization source which could be directly hyphenated with HPLC as an outstanding detector.The ESI-triple quadrupole-orthogonal acceleration-reflecting-TOF mass spectrometer has some promising features,such as a ESI source with heatable nebulizer settled on a smart triaxiality moving stage,an excellent ion-optics system composed with triple-quadruple,double-pulse acceleration,and a double stage reflector with homemade grids.The Gramicidin-S sample concentration below to 3 fmol/μL can be identified by these instruments under the optimized conditions.The mass range of these instruments is from 50 u to 6 000 u with a general ESI interface to the HPLC.The optimal mass resolution exceeds 11 000(Full Width at Half Maximum,FWHM) and the signal/noise ratio of reserpine(10 pg/μL) is greater than 100.科技部“十五”科学仪器攻关重大项目(2001BA210A01);; 973基金(01CB510202);; 863重大专项基金(02BAC11A11);; 上海市创新团队基金(03DZ14024);; 上海市重大基础研究(04DZ14005);; 国家自然科学基金(20405003);; 863人肝专项基金(2004BA711A18);; 973人肝新技术基金(2004CB520804)支

Research on Embodied Energy in China-USA Trade with MRIO Model

基于MRIO模型测算了1995~2009年中美贸易内涵能源总量、消费结构和部门分布。结果显示,中美净出口内涵能源增长非常迅速,除新能源外,其他五类内涵能源均属净出口,表明中美出口已成为中国大量能源消耗的主要原因之一。中美贸易内涵能源结构差异较大,中国流向美国的出口内涵能源主要集中在煤、电力与热力、石油产品,而中国进口美国内涵能源依次为石油产品、天然气、电力与热力、煤。中美相同部门能源强度不同,中国只有少数部门的能源强度低于美国,因此中国进出口美国的内涵能源部门结构也完全不同。国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD167)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(71373218)；湖北省教育厅人文社会科学项目(16Q187)

Effects of Foreign Demand on Energy of China from a Global Production Chain Perspective:An Empirical Analysis based on the MRIO Model

利用多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型,基于WIOD数据库分析1995—2009年外需对中国能源消耗的影响,并通过结构分解分析(SDA)考察影响我国外需能耗变化的关键因素。结果表明,研究期间美、欧、日等附件I的发达国家通过进口替代向中国转移了大量的能耗;中国外需能耗的快速增加主要归因于中国中间产品的出口效应,其次是主要发达国家与发展中国家最终需求的国别结构和规模变动因素导致,而国内生产部门不断降低的各类能源强度则是抑制中国外需能耗增加的主要因素。Based on WIOD database,We estimated the effects of foreign demand on energy of China in 1995-2009 w ith M ulti-Regional Input-Output( M RIO) M odel,and examined the key factors that affect the energy for foreign demand through Structural Decomposition Analysis( SDA). The results revealed that China is already the net exporter of energy embodied in foreign demand obviously. Then w e show ed that energy for foreign demand in China mainly serving the Annex I countries such as United States,Europe,Japan and other developed countries. SDA results demonstrate that the rapid increase of energy for foreign demand in China is due to China's intermediate goods exports effects,then due to country structure and size of foreign final demands,in contrast,the continuously reduced energy intensity is the main factor for inhibiting its increase.国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD167);; 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71373218

The Facts and Explanation of China's Manufacturing Servitization Transformation

研究目标:把握中国制造业服务化趋势及其驱动因素。研究方法:基于MRIO模型的贸易增加值核算及结构分解分析。研究发现:如果考虑中国贸易的二元结构,; 则制造业服务化悖论并不存在,1995~2011年期间,中国制造业出口中的服务增加值占比由33.; 54%上升至33.74%,上升幅度很小,但国内服务增加值对于制造业出口增加值创造的重要性在快速提高,制造业服务化转型呈现出以国内服务替代国外服务; 的趋势;从不同贸易方式来看,制造业加工出口的国内服务化水平较低但其提升幅度大大超过了一般贸易出口;市场分割弱化了国内产业关联、粗放型发展模式导致; 服务部门增加值系数下降,以及来自于亚太地区出口市场的低端俘获,这些都是抑制一般贸易出口的国内服务化水平提升的主要原因。研究创新:利用OECD-I; CIO区分加工贸易的数据,对中国制造业出口中的服务增加值进行再测算,并比较分析两种不同贸易方式下国内服务化转型的变动趋势及其主要驱动因素。研究价; 值:为促进中国制造业转型升级、提升出口利得提供参考。Research Objectives: The trend and its driving factors of China's; manufacturing servitization. Research Methods: The value added in trade; accounting and Structural Decomposition Analysis based on the MRIO; model. Research Findings: If the dual structure of China's trade is; considered, the manufacturing service paradox will not exist. From 1995; to 2011,the growth of service value added in China's manufacturing; sector is very small. But the importance of the domestic servitization; for the creation of export value added in the manufacturing is rising; rapidly, and the transformation of manufacturing servitization appears a; trend of the replacing of foreign services by domestic ones . On the; trade type, the domestic servitization of manufacturing processing; exports is low,but its rising range is much higher than ordinary trade; exports. The main reasons which restrain the domestic servitization; increasing of the ordinary trade export include that the market; segmentations have weakened the linkage of domestic industries,and the; extensive development has led to a decline in the value-added; coefficients of the service sectors and the low-end capture from the; Asia-Pacific export market. Research Innovations: By using the OECD-ICIO; data which distinguishes the processing trade export from the ordinary; trade export, this paper re-calculates the service value added in the; export of China's manufacturing, and analyzes the trends and the main; driving factors in the transformation of domestic servitization under; the above two different trade types. Research Value : This paper; provides references for promoting the transformation of China's; manufacturing and the value added in trade.国家社科基金重大项目; 国家自然科学基金面上项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies