A preliminary study of four histone deacetylase genes in Caenorhabditis elegans

秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditiselegans，C.elegans）作为发育生物学的模式生物，广泛用于神经系统和药物筛选方面的研究。秀丽隐杆线虫与人类和寄生虫的很多基因存在同源性，利用它的这一生物特点，可以建立与人类疾病相关基因的研究模型，研究相应的信号通路，发现新的具有重要生物功能的潜在药物靶标。 组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histonedeacetylases，HDACs）催化组蛋白的去乙酰化，可抑制基因的转录。在哺乳动物中发现了4类HDACs，它们参与了癌症相关基因的转录表达、细胞增殖以及细胞凋亡等过程。在C.elegans中，hda-1和hda-2属于HDACsI类，它们与神经衰退...As a model animal in developmental biology, Caenorhabditis elegans was used in nervous system and drug screening widely. Based on the homologues of C. elegans, human and parasites’ genes, C. elegans can be used as human disease model for signalling transduction study and discover new and potential drug targets. Histone deacetylases, which remove acetyl groups from core histones, inactivate gene t...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_动物学学号：2162013115248

基于切向超滤技术的胶体有机碳和无机氮分离及物源初探

利用切向超滤技术对九龙江口天然水体中胶体相(1 kDa～0. 45μm)、真溶解相(<1 kDa)和\"溶解相\"(<0. 45μm)的溶解有机碳和无机氮进行了分离与提取,初步探讨了水环境因子对其理化特性的影响机制,进而探讨了它们的来源和转化.结果表明,切向超滤过程的膜空白和质量平衡符合技术要求;溶解有机碳、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和无机氮存在形式以真溶液相(<1 kDa)为主,其在胶体相中的质量浓度分别为0. 207～0. 810 mg/dm3、0. 001～1. 870μg/dm3、ND～2. 08μg/dm3、0. 62～79. 30μg/dm3和1. 07～81. 10μg/dm3;胶体态溶解有机碳(COC)含量主要受陆源输入控制.国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201505034-4);;福建省科学技术厅公益专项资助项目(2015R1003-12

Distribution Feature of Polysaccharides and Lipids in the Developing Anthers of Morinda officinalis How

巴戟天花药发育中多糖和脂滴类物质的分布呈现一定的规律:减数分裂之前,花药壁的绒毡层细胞中有少量脂滴,其他细胞中脂滴和淀粉粒都很少。四分体时期,四分体小孢子中开始出现脂滴,绒毡层细胞中的脂滴较以前增加,其他细胞中的脂滴和淀粉粒仍然很少。小孢子早期,游离小孢子在其表面形成了花粉外壁,靠外壁下方有一层周缘分布的多糖物质。绒毡层细胞中的脂滴明显减少。发育晚期的小孢子中形成一个大液泡,细胞质中出现淀粉粒;同时在药壁和药隔组织中也出现了淀粉粒。此时绒毡层退化。在二胞花粉早期,花粉中积累了大量淀粉粒和一些脂滴。但在成熟的花粉中(二胞花粉晚期),淀粉粒消失,只有一定数量的脂滴保留。巴戟天成熟花粉中积累的营养物质主要为脂滴。Distribution of polysaccharides and lipids in the developing anthers of Morinda officinalis How was regular.There were a few lipid drops in the sporogenous cells of young anthers,while neither lipid drops nor starches were found in other anther cells.Before the meiosis of microspore mother cells,some lipids appeared in tapetal cells.The size of tapetal cells began to increase at this stage.At the stage of tetrad,the lipids in the tapetal cells increased,and many lipid drops accumulated in the cells.Some lipids also appeared in tetrad microspores at this time.There were still no starches in young anther cells,and only cell wall of the cells formed anther wall and callose wall in tetrads displayed the feature of polysaccharids.During microspore development,the lipids in tapetal cells decreased evidently.The lipids in the young microspore also disappeared.There were still no starches in anther.At late microspore stage,some starches accumulated in microspore and appeared in anther wall and connective cells.Tapetal cells degenerated at this stage and the lipid drops concentrated to form lipid block.At early stage of 2-celled pollen,the vegetative cell accumulated a large number of starches,which disappeared with pollen development.Lipids were the main nutritional material accumulated in mature pollen of M.officinalis.国家自然科学基金(30970275);福建省漳州市科技局课题(Z2008038

Treatment of algae bloom water using ·OH based on conventional drinking water process

我国水体的富营养化日益严重,水源地出现季节性藻类爆发现象,严重威胁饮用水安全。以厦门市莲坂水厂各工艺段出水为研究对象,采用大气压强电离放电产生羟; 基自由基(·OH),分别对水源水、混凝沉淀出水、砂滤出水进行处理,处理时间为4.5 s。当注入总氧化剂浓度为1.8 mg·; L~(-1)时,高藻浓度从25.3*10~4 cells · mL~(-1)降到800 cells ·; mL~(-1);对混凝沉淀出水注入总氧化剂0.6 mg· L~(-1)、砂滤出水注入0.2 mg·; L~(-1)时,藻细胞都未检出;·OH处理后CODMn、TOC及UV254均有明显降低,砂滤出水三卤甲烷小于8; mug·L~(-1);检测的各项指标均达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB; 5479-2006)。因此,·OH可快速有效安全地杀灭高藻,为我国高藻水源地饮用水卫生安全保障提供技术支撑。Due to the increasing eutrophication in China, harmful algae blooms; often occur in water body periodically, which poses serious threats to; drinking water safety. Using a strong ionization discharge technology at; atmosphere pressure, ·OH was used to remove algae bloom. Other; conventional process such as coagulation, sedimentation and sand; filtration were applied respectively in the Lianban Water Plant in; Xiamen (China). The total reaction time required in the three water; processes was only 4.5 s. When the total reactive oxidant (TRO); concentration injected to algae bloom water was 1.8 mg·L~(-1), the algae; content was decreased by ·OH from 25.3*10~4 cells·mL~(-1) to 800; cells·mL~(-1). When the TRO that was injected into coagulation,; sedimentation and sand filtration water achieved 0.6 mg·L~(-1) and 0.2; mg·L~(-1), respectively, the algae contents were not detected (ND) in; treated effluents. At the same time, water quality in CODMn, TOC and; UV254 were decreased and the disinfection by-products(DBPs) such as,; trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration was lower than 8 mug·L~(-1) in; treated effluents. The treated effluent, resulting from this technology,; met the requirement of the National Drinking Water Standards (GB; 5479-2006). Therefore, ·OH was effective and safe to remove freshwater; algae without further treatment being required.国家科技支撑计划项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项目; 科技部创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Underwater target active tracking flight path starting method

本发明提供一种水下目标主动跟踪航迹起始方法，使主动跟踪算法获得更准确的初始估计值，以使算法获得更高的目标跟踪精度，更快地收敛于目标的真实值。该航迹起始方法仅仅依靠水下机器人(AUV)自身携带的导航设备，声纳探测设备与工作站计算机，便可以自主工作。该航迹起始方法分为两个阶段，第一个阶段是确定目标轨迹的有无，第二个阶段是对已确定目标航迹的初始状态和初始协方差矩阵进行估计。本航迹起始方法能够适用于不同的海洋环境，尤其对于高杂波环境，能够准确高效地对目标轨迹进行航迹起始

Inactivation of Scrippsiella trochoideacysts using hydroxyl radials

随着船舶压载水的转运,我国面临严重的外来入侵生物风险,其中部分赤潮藻形成的孢囊可成为赤潮的种源,严重危害近岸海洋环境,因而快速有效地杀灭赤潮藻孢; 囊至关重要。本文利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基(·OH),对典型赤潮藻锥状斯氏藻孢囊进行杀灭研究。采用萌发实验、SYTOX; Green荧光染色法确定·OH杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的阈值和时间,扫描电子显微镜观察孢囊的形态变化。结果表明,·OH杀灭孢囊的CT阈值为0.49mg; ·min/L,时间为10s,·OH氧化降解孢囊体内叶绿素,破坏DNA,抑制萌发,具有其他方法无法比拟的优势。因此,·OH快速杀灭赤潮藻孢囊的新方; 法,对防控外来入侵生物引发的海洋赤潮灾害具有重要的作用。Resting cysts are largely formed during the red tide which may be; theseed bankof next harmful algal bloom.And the resting cysts are; resistant to normal physical and chemical treatments due to their thick; cyst walls. In this paper,the resting cysts of Scrippsiella trochoidea; were produced using N-limited medium.The resting cysts were inactivated; using hydroxyl radicals based on a strong ionization discharge.The; results showed that hydroxyl radicals could inactivate the resting cysts; effectively when the CT value was 0.49mg·min/L with a contact time of; 10s.Morphological changes were observed using scanning electron; microscope which showed that hydroxyl radicals could destroy the thick; cyst wall.After entering the cell,hydroxyl radicals may damage the; chlorophyll and DNA.Also,the germination rate decreased to zero.In; general,the·OH treatment can be applied to inactivate the resting cysts; of S.trochoideaand provide a new method to kill the harmful algal cysts; in ballast water.国家科技支撑计划项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项目; 科技部创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel